基于Box-Behnken设计-响应面法优化酒黄精炮制工艺

目的采用Box-Behnken设计-响应面法(Box-Behnken design-response surface method,BBD-RSM)对黄精炮制工艺进行优化,筛选最佳工艺参数。方法研究于2023年1—5月开展。以黄精外观性状、醇浸出物、多糖含量等为评价指标,基于单因素试验进行响应面综合实验,运用BBD-RSM,探索黄精饮片润制时间、蒸制时间、焖制时间等对其品质的影响,优选炮制工艺参数及炮制设备。结果通过拟合模型,外观性状评分、醇浸出物含量、黄精多糖含量预测值分别为72.31分、64.86%、12.96%,优选黄精最佳酒制工艺为润制时间1.5 h、蒸制时间5.5 h、焖制时间1.0 h;蒸制设备拟选用回转式蒸药机,干燥设备拟选用敞开式烘干箱。结论所优选酒黄精炮制工艺合理、可行,为酒黄精炮制生产工艺及设备选型提供了依据。

多指标综合评分法结合Box-Behnken响应面法优选栀子茯苓压片糖果的提取工艺

以提取液中栀子苷含量及干膏率作为考察指标,在单因素试验基础上采用直接回流提取法、多指标综合评分法结合Box-Behnken响应面法考察了乙醇浓度、提取时间和料液比3个因素对提取工艺的影响。结果表明,制剂的最佳提取工艺为乙醇浓度75%,提取时间120 min,料液比17倍,栀子苷平均含量为3.17%,平均干膏率为11.33%,综合评分平均值为98.30(n=3,RSD=0.18%)。该工艺合理可行,有效成分提取率高,适合大规模生产。

Box-Behnken响应面法优化羟基红花黄色素A纳米粒处方工艺及体外释放评价

目的优化羟基红花黄色素A(hydroxysafflor yellow A,HSYA)纳米粒制备工艺,并对其进行体外释放评价。方法以乳酸-羟基乙酸共聚物[poly(lactic-co-glycolicacid),PLGA]为载体,利用改良的复乳法制备HSYA纳米粒,通过Plackett-Burman设计实验联用Box-Behnken响应面法优选最佳制备工艺;利用粒径测定仪、TEM扫描电镜仪、傅里叶红外光谱(FT-IR)仪、X-射线粉末衍射(XRD)仪对纳米粒进行表征;并对其进行4℃储藏稳定性、生理介质中稳定性、冻干保护剂及体外释放率考察。结果优选出纳米粒最佳工艺处方为:pH为6.95,投药量为2.8 mg,载体用量为18.2 mg;在此条件下制备出的纳米粒粒径为(176.4±1.29)nm,多分散系数(Polydiseperse Index,PDI)为(0.152±0.014),Zeta电位为(-17.6±0.46)mV,包封率为(78.5±0.49)%,载药量为(7.3±0.07)%,纳米粒形态圆整,分散性好;在4℃储存环境下、不同生理介质中稳定性良好,最佳冻干保护剂为1%葡萄糖;纳米粒48 h体外释放率为85%。结论该优化方法合理可靠,所得纳米粒稳定性良好,具有一定的缓释作用,体外释放符合一级动力学模型。

基于AHP-CRITIC权重分析法结合Box-Behnken设计-响应面法优化盐橘核水提取工艺

目的:优化盐橘核水提取工艺。方法:以柠檬苦素、诺米林、黄柏酮的转移率及出膏率为评价指标,利用混合加权法(AHP-CRITIC法)确定权重系数,计算多指标综合评分,并结合Box-Behnken设计-响应面法考察饮片粒度、加水量、提取时间的影响,优选盐橘核水提取工艺。结果:优选提取工艺为饮片粒度过6目筛网,一、二煎加水量分别为12倍、10倍,提取时间分别为1.0 h、0.5 h。结论:优选出的提取工艺稳定可行,可为盐橘核工业化生产提供参考。

Reliable Space Pursuing for Reliability-based Design Optimization with Black-box Performance Functions

Reliability-based design optimization （RBDO） is intrinsically a double-loop procedure since it involves an overall optimization and an iterative reliability assessment at each search point. Due to the double-loop procedure, the computational expense of RBDO is normally very high. Current RBDO research focuses on problems with explicitly expressed performance functions and readily available gradients. This paper addresses a more challenging type of RBDO problem in which the performance functions are computation intensive. These computation intensive functions are often considered as a ＂black-box＂ and their gradients are not available or not reliable. On the basis of the reliable design space （RDS） concept proposed earlier by the authors, this paper proposes a Reliable Space Pursuing （RSP） approach, in which RDS is first identified and then gradually refined while optimization is performed. It fundamentally avoids the nested optimization and probabilistic assessment loop. Three well known RBDO problems from the literature are used for testing and demonstrating the effectiveness of the proposed RSP method.

Box-Behnken响应面法结合BP神经网络优化黑胡椒脐贴处方研究

目的采用Box-Behnken响应面法结合BP神经网络优化黑胡椒脐贴处方。方法在前期预试验的基础上,以载药量、促渗剂用量、聚乙二醇(polyethylene glycol,PEG)6000与微粉硅胶的比例为影响因素,进行单因素试验。结合体外透皮试验,利用高效液相色谱法测定胡椒碱的含量,对胡椒碱峰面积、指纹图谱的总峰面积和脐贴的成型性、剥离残留度和基质填充情况赋以权重,所得结果为综合评价指标。在单因素试验的基础上利用Box-Behnken响应面法结合BP神经网络优化脐贴处方。结果黑胡椒脐贴的最佳处方为载药量7%、氮酮4.5%、PEG6000与微粉硅胶的质量比为43∶1。结论黑胡椒脐贴的处方合理,可为后续贴剂的药效学研究提供基础。

Electric power generation technology of natural gas pressure reduction:Insights from black box-gray box hierarchical exergy analysis and evaluation method

Based on the“three box”exergy analysis model,a black box-gray box hierarchical exergy analysis and evaluation method is put forward in this paper,which is applied to evaluate the power generation technology of differential pressure produced by natural gas expansion.By using the exergy analysis theory,the black box-gray box hierarchical exergy analysis models of three differential pressure power generation technologies are established respectively.Firstly,the“black box”analysis models of main energy consuming equipment are established,and then the“gray box”analysis model of the total system is established.Based on the calculation results of exergy analysis indexes,the weak energy consumption equipment in the whole power generation process is accurately located.Taking a gas field in southwest China as an example,the comprehensive energy consumption evaluation of the three power generation technologies is carried out,and the technology with the best energy consumption condition among the three technologies is determined.Finally,the rationalization improvement measures are put forward from improving the air tightness,replacing the deflector and reducing the flow loss.

A Review of the Key Points in the Design of Small-Radius Curved Ramp Bridges

This article explores the fundamentals of small-radius curved ramp bridges.It covers the selection of box girder spans,support methods,and forms,along with design optimization techniques for this type of bridge structure.The purpose of this paper is to provide robust support for enhancing the design quality of these bridges and ensuring their efficacy in real-world applications.

Box-Behnken设计-响应面法优化芦笋粉中黄酮的提取工艺

采用低共熔溶剂法从芦笋粉末中提取黄酮,通过Box-Behnken设计-响应面法对提取工艺进行了优化。结果表明:低共熔溶剂氢键供体与受体的选择以及氢键供体和受体的比例,对黄酮的提取有较为显著的影响,其中氢键供体选择尿素,受体选择氯化胆碱,供体受体比例为1∶2对黄酮的提取效率最佳,此外提取工艺的3个因素,提取时间、提取温度、料液比对黄酮的提取效率也有一定的影响,其影响程度按照由大到小的次序为:料液比、提取时间、提取温度。提取芦笋粉中黄酮的最优条件为:料液比1∶2,提取时间2 h,提取温度50℃。此工艺条件下得到总黄酮提取率为25.99%,响应面模型预测值为21.63%。

Box-Behnken响应面法优选改良型正骨灵活血止痛膏成型工艺

目的:优选改良型正骨灵活血止痛膏成型工艺。方法:基于Box–Behnken响应面法,以蜂蜡用量、混合温度、料液比为影响因素,以传统经验鉴别法与客观物理参数法的综合评分为评价指标,在单因素试验基础上,考察各因素对综合评分的影响,优选最佳的成型工艺条件。结果:蜂蜡用量为1.9%,混合温度为81℃,料液比为2.5∶1 g/mL。验证试验结果综合评分RSD为0.86%。结论:优选得到的改良型正骨灵活血止痛膏成型工艺稳定可行。

Box-Behnken响应面法优化地参咀嚼片辅料配比工艺

为了更好地开发利用地参资源,以地参粉为原料,添加微晶纤维素、硬脂酸镁、羧甲基淀粉钠等辅料,采用直接压片法制备地参咀嚼片,通过单因素试验考察微晶纤维素、硬脂酸镁、羧甲基淀粉钠添加量对地参咀嚼片的片重差异、硬度和脆性的影响,采用Box-Behnken响应面试验结合多指标综合评分法对其辅料配比进行优化。结果表明,微晶纤维素添加量、硬脂酸镁添加量、羧甲基淀粉钠添加量、微晶纤维素和硬脂酸镁添加量交互作用及硬脂酸镁和羧甲基淀粉钠添加量交互作用对地参咀嚼片品质影响显著。地参咀嚼片的最优配比为微晶纤维素添加量17.3%、硬脂酸镁添加量0.7%、羧甲基淀粉钠添加量10.7%,按此配比制备地参咀嚼片的片重差异为1.19%,硬度为98.18 N,脆性为0.37%,多指标综合评分平均值为44.96分。按照优化后辅料配比制备的产品质地结实,表面光滑,色泽均匀,硬度适中,符合咀嚼片的相关要求。

Box-Behnken Design响应面法结合遗传算法和直接搜索算法优化丹栀逍遥散的提取工艺

目的:优化丹栀逍遥散的提取工艺。方法:采用加热回流提取法提取丹栀逍遥散组方药材样品粉末,以乙醇体积分数、提取时间和液料比(V/m)为考察因素,以栀子苷、芍药苷和丹皮酚3个指标成分的综合评分为评价指标,先采用Box-Behnken Design(BBD)响应面法进行试验设计,建立数学模型并获得目标函数后,结合遗传算法和直接搜索算法求解各因素的最优取值。结果:丹栀逍遥散中3个指标成分的最优提取工艺条件为60.8%乙醇提取3.1 h、液料比为15.72∶1(mL/g)。采用BBD响应面法或结合遗传算法和直接搜索算法所得的综合评分比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:经优化的工艺可用于丹栀逍遥散中3个指标成分的提取。BBD响应面法结合遗传算法和直接搜索算法在优化中药提取工艺方面具有一定优越性。

Box-Behnken Design-响应面优化法优化PEG化和厚朴酚长循环纳米脂质体处方

采用薄膜-超声分散法制备和厚朴酚长循环纳米脂质体,以包封率为评价指标,考察药脂比(质量比)、磷脂与胆固醇质量比例和m PEG2000-DSPE浓度3个因素对指标的影响,并对各个因素进行二次回归拟合,通过Box-Behnken Design-响应面优化法(BBD-RSM)优选最佳处方.最终优选的处方为和厚朴酚与脂类质量比为1∶20,大豆磷脂与胆固醇质量比为6.71∶1,DSPE-PEG2000浓度为13.38%,药物的平均包封率为92.32%.优化后的处方所制备的脂质体的Zeta电位稳定、粒径分布均匀,Box-Behnken Design-响应面优化法应用简便、预测性好,制备的和厚朴酚长循环纳米脂质体符合设计要求.

基于Box-Behnken Design设计优化白藜芦醇纳米混悬剂的制备工艺

目的优化白藜芦醇纳米混悬剂的最佳制备工艺。方法采用反溶剂沉淀法制备白藜芦醇纳米混悬剂,以聚乙烯吡咯烷酮PVPK 17 PF为助悬剂,泊洛沙姆F188为表面活性剂,以粒径及多分散指数为响应值,应用Box-Behnken Design响应面实验设计优化白藜芦醇纳米混悬剂的最佳处方,并采用桨法进行体外释放实验评价其药物释放特征。结果优化后的纳米混悬剂处方为:白藜芦醇的质量浓度为29.2 mg/mL,助悬剂PVP K17PF的质量分数为0.38%,表面活性剂Poloxmer 188质量浓度为3.63 mg/mL。所制备纳米混悬剂的粒径大小为145 nm左右,在1 h的累积释放接近80%,释放机制为扩散作用为主。结论将白藜芦醇制备成纳米混悬剂可以提高白藜芦醇的溶出度,为难溶性药物白藜芦醇的进一步开发奠定了基础。

Conceptual design of oil palm fibre reinforced polymer hybrid composite automotive crash box using integrated approach

A hybrid conceptual design approach was introduced in this study to develop a conceptual design of oil palm polymer composite automotive crash box(ACB). A combination of theory of inventive problem solving(TRIZ), morphological charts and biomimetics was applied where the foremost requirements in terms of the material characteristics, function specifications, force identification, root cause analysis, geometry profile and design selection criteria were considered. The strategy was to use creations of nature to inspire five innovative conceptual designs of the ACB structure and the AHP method was applied to perform the pairwise analysis of selecting the best ACB conceptual design. A new conceptual design for a composite ACB was conceived bearing in mind the properties of natural fibre, unlike those of conventional materials such as steel alloys and aluminium alloys. The design with the highest ranking(26.6 %) was chosen as the final conceptual design, which was the one with a honeycomb structure for the outermost profile, reinforced with a spider web structure inside the part, supported by fibre foam structure extracted from the woodpecker sponge tissue at the centre to maximize the energy absorption capability. The new design could solve the problem of bending collapse which is a major cause of failure to absorb maximum impact energy for ACB during collision. However, the final conceptual design will still need several modifications for production and assembly purposes, which will be completed in a further study.

基于Box-Behnken响应面设计结合熵权法优选当归四逆汤挥发油提取工艺

目的利用Box-Behnken响应面设计法结合熵权法优选当归四逆汤中当归桂枝挥发油最佳提取工艺。方法以液料比、浸泡时间、氯化钠溶液加入比例作为考察因素,挥发油中2种脂溶性成分(藁本内酯、桂皮醛)的含量作为考察指标;基于单因素实验优选考察因素的最佳范围,运用Box-Behnken响应面设计法构建三因素三水平试验设计方案,采用熵权法对2种指标进行赋权,以综合评分结果作为提取工艺的评价指标优选最佳工艺条件,并进行工艺验证。结果当归桂枝挥发油的最佳工艺条件为液料比4.6∶1,浸泡时间1.14 h,氯化钠加入比例为5.7∶1,提取时间为4 h,提取1次,药材粉碎程度为全部通过1号筛。结论利用Box-Behnken响应面设计法优化当归四逆汤挥发油提取工艺方法稳定,预测性较好,对当归四逆汤挥发油提取工艺研究具有重大的指导意义。

Optimization of high pressure machine decocting process for Dachengqi Tang using HPLC fingerprints combined with the Box–Behnken experimental design

Using Dachengqi Tang（DCQT） as a model, high performance liquid chromatography（HPLC）fingerprints were applied to optimize machine extracting process with the Box–Behnken experimental design. HPLC fingerprints were carried out to investigate the chemical ingredients of DCQT; synthetic weighing method based on analytic hierarchy process（AHP） and criteria importance through intercriteria correlation（CRITIC） was performed to calculate synthetic scores of fingerprints; using the mark ingredients contents and synthetic scores as indicators, the Box–Behnken design was carried out to optimize the process parameters of machine decocting process under high pressure for DCQT. Results of optimal process showed that the herb materials were soaked for 45 min and extracted with 9 folds volume of water in the decocting machine under the temperature of 140 1C till the pressure arrived at 0.25 MPa;then hot decoction was excreted to soak Dahuang and Mangxiao for 5 min. Finally, obtained solutions were mixed, filtrated and packed. It concluded that HPLC fingerprints combined with the Box–Behnken experimental design could be used to optimize extracting process of traditional Chinese medicine（TCM）.

Preparation of CaP/pDNA nanoparticles by reverse micro-emulsion method: Optimization of formulation variables using experimental design

In this study, the CaP/pDNA nanoparticles were prepared using Triton X-100/Butanol/Cyclohexane/Water reverse microemulsion system. Optimization of preparation conditions was based on evaluation of particle size by Box–Behnken design method. The particle sizes of the optimized CaP/pDNA nanoparticles were found to be 60.23 ± 4.72 nm, polydispersity index was 0.252 and pDNA encapsulate efficiency was more than 90%. The optimized CaP/pDNA nanoparticles have pH sensitivity and biocompatibility. Further, optimized CaP/pDNA nanoparticles showed higher transfection efficiency.

Box-Behnken Design响应面法优化银杏叶总黄酮柱层析纯化工艺

为得到质量分数较高的银杏叶总黄酮提取物,在单因素试验基础上,以上样质量浓度、乙醇体积分数、洗脱液接收体积和洗脱流速为考察因素,以银杏叶总黄酮质量分数、收率为考察指标,采用BBD(Box-Behnken Design)响应面法对银杏叶总黄酮柱层析纯化工艺进行优化。得到最佳工艺为上样质量浓度3.1 mg/mL,乙醇体积分数71%,洗脱液接收体积2 BV(BV为装柱体积)及洗脱流速2 BV/h。在最佳工艺条件下,完成三批验证实验,银杏叶总黄酮平均质量分数可达到35.77%,收率为93.30%,银杏总内酯质量分数达到《中国药典》标准。利用BBD响应面法优化银杏叶总黄酮柱层析纯化工艺是科学、合理、可行的,可为工业化大生产提供参考。

Plackett-Burman实验设计联用Box-Behnken响应面法优化柚皮素白蛋白纳米粒的处方工艺

目的 优化NabTM技术制备柚皮素的牛血清白蛋白纳米粒的处方工艺。方法 以包封率为指标,采用Plackett-Burman实验设计结合Box-Behnken响应面法优化柚皮素白蛋白纳米粒的处方工艺,并考察纳米粒的体外释放规律。结果 最终确定柚皮素白蛋白纳米粒处方工艺为:白蛋白浓度为30 mg·mL-1,水相pH值为6,有机相与水相比例为1∶5,制备的纳米粒包封率为88.80%,粒径为171.9 nm, PDI为0.340,体外释放具有明显缓释作用。结论 Plackett-Burman实验设计联用Box-Behnken响应面法可用于优化柚皮素白蛋白纳米粒工艺处方。