Study on Design Rainstorm Profile in Liuzhou City：Chicago Method

The design rainstorm profile is the basis of scientifically and rationally planning and designing urban drainage system, which can provide scientific theoretical basis and accurate design parameters for municipal construction, water and planning departments. In this paper, the minute-minute rainfall process data at Liuzhou National Meteorological Observation Station from 1975 to 2014 were used. Chicago method was used to analyze and study design rainstorm profile in urban district of Liuzhou, and the profiles of the rainfalls lasting for 30 , 60 , 90, 120, 150, and 180 min were obtained. The results showed that the design rainstorm profile with the same duration in each reappearance period was consistent in Liuzhou, and short-time rainfall profile roughly showed single-peak shape. The peak of each short-time design rainstorm profile was almost in 1/3 part of the whole rainfall process, and the intensity of rainfall increased with the prolonging of the recurrence period. The rainfall intensity at the peak in the same reproducing period showed 11 decrease - increase -decrease＂ as the duration increased, and the peak value of rainfall lasting for 120 min was the maximum.

Analysis of Design Rainstorm Hydrograph Based on Asymmetrical Extreme Value Copula

In this paper,the maximum 1-hour rainfall( rain peak),the maximum 6-hour rainfall and the maximum 24-hour rainfall in the Caojiang River basin from 1967 to 2013 were taken as samples. The typical typhoon rainstorm hydrograph of joint distribution of rainfall in three periods was constructed based on the asymmetric Archimedean Gumbel-Hougaard extreme value Copula. The main conclusions were as follows:( 1) the design rainstorm value in the Caojiang River basin calculated by using the joint distribution of rainfall in three periods was larger than the design rainstorm value of the joint distribution in two periods and that of a single period. The design rainstorm process hydrograph amplified at the same frequency had the optimal overall effect,which provided a new idea and method for studying the design rainfall patterns.( 2) According to the maximum 24-hour rainfall,the risk rate of the multi-peak rainstorm process that the main peak was in the back was the highest,and the constructed typical design rainstorm process hydrograph was the most representative.( 3) " OR" joint return period of rainfall combination in three periods as the design criteria of a watershed was applicable to responding to the risk of rainfall and flood in this watershed.

Study on Design Rainstorm Profile in Liuzhou City Based on Pilgrim &Cordery Method

Liuzhou City is located in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region of China. It has a warm and rainy climate and belongs to the middle subtropical monsoon climate. It is a rainstorm and flood-prone area. The work of flood drainage and waterlogging prevention is very important. The “minute to minute” rainfall process data of Liuzhou National Meteorological Observation Station from 1975 to 2014 and the Pilgrim & Cordery method were used to estimate the short-time design rainstorm profile of Liuzhou City, and the profiles of the rainfall lasting for 30, 60, 90, 120, 150, and 180 min were obtained. The research shows that the same rain duration and different recurrence period conditions are consistent with the rainstorm profile. The rainfall duration of 30, 60, 90, 120, and 180 min generally shows single-peak rainstorm profile, and the rainfall duration of 150 min shows double-peak rainstorm profile. Most peaks of each short-time design rainstorm profile are at or ahead of the 1/3 part of the entire rainfall process. During the same recurrence period, the rainfall in peak period fluctuated with the increase of the duration, and the intensity of rainfall increased with the prolonging of the recurrence period.

Urban flood inundation and damage assessment based on numerical simulations of design rainstorms with different characteristics

In the context of global climate change and urbanization,urban flooding is an important type of natural disaster that affects urban development,especially in China,which is experiencing rapid urbanization.In the past 10 years,urban flooding events have caused huge disaster losses in Chinese cities.This has resulted in significant negative effects on the urban infrastructure,socioeconomic systems,and urban residents,thus causing widespread concern.Studies have confirmed the change in extreme rainstorms is due to the changing environments in many cities globally.Conducting studies on the impact of these rainstorms with different characteristics for urban flooding is valuable for coping with unfavorable situations.In addition,numerical simulations provide an economical and viable means to perform these studies.This paper presents a numerical model of Xiamen Island in China.Simulations were conducted for 12 design rainstorm events with different return periods,rain patterns,and durations.The results indicate that,in the case of an equal rainfall amount,the rainfall intensity is the key factor that affects the inundated area,depth,and damages.However,the rainfall intensity is not the only determining factor;the rainfall pattern also affects the inundations.In regard to the rainfall pattern,a higher rainfall peak coefficient usually leads to severe urban inundation and damage.As a result,the lag time would be shorter,which may further exacerbate the impact of urban flood disasters.The results of this study provide insights into managing flood risks,developing urban flood prevention strategies,and designing flood prevention measures.

Design and Realization of Similar Report System of Moderate Rain,Heavy Rain and Rainstorm in Guyuan City

[Objective] The aim was to design and promote similar report system of moderate rain, heavy rain and rainstorm in Guyuan City. [Method] As C#. Net2005 development platform and based on MSSQLSEVER2005 database system, the upper air circulation during moderate rain, heavy rain and rainstorm from May to September since 1960, taking 500 hPa, 700 hPa and ground situation as complement, the similar height of 500 and 700 hPa were calculated. [Result]The system is set to be personal and template. The system only needs to be set for once. If the in- stallation is changed, the system doesn＇t need to change parameters. The system would automatically read the parameters and make it easy for the businessman to use. Meanwhile, it solves the problem of storing abundant data. Considering the promotion and application, the system is designed to be universal and portable, [ Conclusion] The system makes uP the Oossibilitv of mis-reoortina the moderate rain. heaw rain and rainstorm.

汶川县降雨时空分布特征及设计暴雨频率分析

为减少降雨及设计暴雨时空异质性对汶川县造成的损失,揭示汶川县降雨时空分布特征与设计暴雨特征,基于2001~2020年的GPM卫星降雨数据,采用Mann-Kendall等方法,从年、月、汛期、日等时间尺度和不同量级尺度,对汶川县降雨时空变化进行分析,并采用随机暴雨移置法(Stochastic Storm Transposition, SST)进行设计暴雨频率分析。结果表明:(1)汶川县年总降雨量呈显著增长趋势,主要受汛期降雨变化影响。(2)降雨空间分布不均匀,小雨主要分布在汶川县西南部,中到暴雨主要分布在汶川县东部。(3)基于随机暴雨移置法得到的设计降雨结果具有可靠性;随着降雨历时的增长,设计暴雨中心有从汶川县西南部向中东部移动的趋势;小重现期时,设计暴雨的空间分布不均匀性更为显著。研究成果可为汶川县暴雨洪涝防治提供参考。

昌化"9.3"特大暴雨移置分析与计算

当设计流域缺乏实测流量资料时,可以采用设计暴雨推求设计洪水。随着极端天气逐渐增多增强,在计算设计暴雨时,应重视流域周边特大暴雨对设计结果的影响,以确保工程安全。针对昌化“9.3”特大暴雨,通过分析并拟定暴雨移置方法,相较于未考虑“9.3”昌化特大暴雨影响的设计暴雨,设计流域所得设计暴雨结果明显更大。所提出的暴雨移置方法可为今后其他类似工程的规划设计提供参考,具有一定的推广应用价值。

基于InfoWorks ICM的内涝风险评估与分析

基于InfoWorks ICM构建1D、2D耦合的浙江省某新区内涝排水模型,根据模拟得出的研究区管网负荷状态、地面积水深度、地面积水时间等,分析和评价研究区管网排水能力和内涝风险情况。研究区现状管网系统的排水能力尚未达到3年一遇的排水设计标准,管网排水能力大部分在0.5年一遇之下。且在20年一遇设计暴雨下存在内涝高风险区,内涝风险区主要发生在下垫面硬质化较为严重、地势较低、管网缺失和管径较小的区域。建议完善研究区空白区排水管网系统,并对未达到设计标准的管网进行改造。

毛溪沟水库暴雨洪水特性及设计洪水计算分析

针对贵州省松桃县乌罗镇山区雨源型河流水文特性,在充分考虑毛溪沟水库坝址以上流域特征及流域内无水文气象测站现状,以邻近乌罗镇雨量站和松桃气象站实测连续降水序列数据为依据,采用“雨洪法”对流域暴雨洪水特性进行论证分析,并推求获得坝址及施工分期设计洪水。所得设计洪水与地区暴雨洪水的分布规律基本一致,与历史调查洪水相近,成果合理。

绕阳河“7·28”暴雨洪水及流域设计洪水复核

2022年7月28—30日,绕阳河流域出现大暴雨过程,特别是绕阳河干流上游、支流东沙河友邻水库以上及绕阳河干流下游右岸发生特大暴雨洪水,绕阳河部分区域遭受重大水灾损失。通过对降雨和洪水的分析,还原了绕阳河2022年“7·28”暴雨洪水过程。在洪水系列中加入“7·28”特大洪水后,复核分析了各水文站设计洪水,确定新的设计洪水成果,为灾后修复重建工作奠定坚实基础,对该流域综合治理及防洪决策提供科学依据。

不同暴雨情景下的城市内涝响应特征分析

针对近年来频发的城市暴雨内涝灾害问题,以广州长湴地区为例,构建了基于SWMM和LISFLOOD-FP的内涝耦合模型,结合历史暴雨事件提出一种新的短历时暴雨过程设计方法,在此基础上设计了114种暴雨情景,探讨了不同暴雨雨型和集中度条件下的城市内涝响应特征。结果表明:单峰雨型下的溢流和淹没情况比双峰和均匀型要高;在单峰雨型中,峰后型暴雨的溢流峰值最高,峰中和峰后型暴雨的溢流总量较大,峰后型暴雨导致的整体淹没情况较严重;重现期小于50 a时芝加哥型(r=0.7)暴雨导致的淹没情况最严重,而重现期大于50 a时单峰Ⅱ型(峰后型)暴雨的淹没情况最严重;重现期为100 a时单峰Ⅱ型的淹没范围及水深比芝加哥型(r=0.7)暴雨分别高8%和64%;暴雨集中度每上升一个等级,溢流及淹没情况明显加重;目前常用的芝加哥雨型在一定情况下存在低估内涝的风险,建议在内涝分析时进一步考虑更危险的雨型以及暴雨的集中度。

粤港澳大湾区中心城市典型设计暴雨过程线分析

对粤港澳大湾区4个中心城市约60 a观测的前、后汛期逐时雨量,以最大1 h雨量(为雨峰)、相应的最大6 h雨量和最大24 h雨量为样本,采用非对称Archimedean Gumbel-Hougaard极值copula构建3个时段雨量联合分布的典型设计暴雨过程线。主要结论:1)采用3个历时雨量联合分布推求的城市设计暴雨值大于2个时段联合分布和单一时段设计暴雨值,同频率放大的设计暴雨过程线,整体效果相对最优,对城市设计暴雨过程线的研究方法提供了新思路;2)采用3个历时雨量联合分布推求的4个城市设计暴雨过程线,更客观地代表了所在城市的雨型特征,为进一步设计雨型的研究提供了新方法;3)以24 h最大雨量构建的典型设计暴雨过程线具代表性,按同频率放大的典型设计暴雨过程线可作为城市汛期排水防涝工程设计的参考依据。

资水流域柘桃区间设计暴雨时空分布分析

【目的】通过研究资水流域暴雨中心柘桃区间设计暴雨的时空分布规律,为柘桃区间流域梯级水库洪水预报和防洪调度优化提供科学依据。【方法】以柘桃区间17个雨量站近30 a不同历时的年最大暴雨为研究数据,进行站点和面暴雨频率分析计算;采用不同历时降雨强度-历时-频率曲线和设计暴雨空间分布变化特征,分析雨量站网的设计暴雨时空分布规律。【结果】柘桃区间雨量站网设计暴雨的时空分布极不均匀,短历时内设计暴雨强度增幅较大;在空间分布上,随着重现期的增长,设计暴雨中心位置从资水流域中游扩大到下游;随着设计暴雨历时的增长,暴雨中心范围逐渐变小。【结论】柘桃区间雨量站点设计暴雨具有短历时内暴雨强度增速快、中游设计暴雨较大的特点,研究结果可为资水柘溪以下流域重要城市的防洪安全提供理论依据。

深圳城市两级排水系统设计暴雨重现期的衔接关系

城市内涝防治采用市政排水与水利排涝两级排涝模式,针对城市两级排水系统标准无法衔接的问题,以深圳市大空港区为例,考虑城市两级排水系统可能遭遇的两类衔接风险,通过构建雨量结构关系分别得到以短历时暴雨为主和以长历时暴雨为主的设计暴雨重现期衔接关系。同时利用芝加哥雨型和珠江三角洲雨型分别推求市政排水与水利排涝设计暴雨过程,以探讨城市两级排水系统设计暴雨雨峰之间的衔接关系。最终通过Spearman相关系数评估截留河流域各条支流的衔接关系与地理参数之间的相关性。结果表明,水利排涝与市政排水设计暴雨重现期的衔接关系受降雨强度和降雨历时共同作用,且设计暴雨雨峰衔接关系存在地区差异性。以德丰围涌为例,在市政排水设计暴雨重现期为X年一遇时,水利排涝设计暴雨重现期应至少设计为(2~3)X年一遇才能实现城市两级排水系统的衔接。

设计暴雨雨型对高植被覆盖流域径流形成影响的数值模拟

为分析设计暴雨雨型对山区小流域山洪灾害的影响,应用时空变源混合产流模型,以四川省关口、汉王场为研究区域,分析高植被覆盖流域对不同重现期以及不同设计暴雨雨型条件下降水的响应规律,并对不同雨型及重现期条件下流域的洪峰流量、峰现时间、洪峰滞后时间等量值进行对比分析。结果表明:时空变源混合产流模型在高植被覆盖流域洪水模拟应用过程中能够取得较好的模拟精度,具有一定的适用性;关口、汉王场流域同一重现期条件下偏后型雨型相对于偏前和居中型条件下形成的洪峰流量更多,但偏前型雨型相对于居中型和偏后型雨型而言形成的洪水总量更大;在不同雨型条件下,随着重现期的增加,关口、汉王场流域的洪峰流量均是呈现增加的趋势;林草植被覆盖率为汉王场>关口流域,关口流域在不同重现期设计暴雨雨型条件下的峰现时间均是提前于汉王场流域,林草植被覆盖对于洪水的径流过程具有一定的调节作用;关口流域和汉王场流域洪峰出现时间相较于暴雨雨峰出现时间的滞后时间均为偏前型>居中型>偏后型;揭示西南山区高植被覆盖流域对于不同重现期设计暴雨雨型条件下的量化规律,在分析西南山区高植被覆盖流域暴雨洪水的形成过程、提高流域洪水预报精度与防洪减灾能力方面具有指导意义。

陕西省中小流域设计暴雨雨型分析

暴雨的时程分配是设计洪水计算的重要内容之一,2021年6月《陕西省水文手册》通过评审并经一年的试用,2022年已正式出版。根据陕西省暴雨成因特点,将全省划分为4个暴雨分区,通过对实测典型暴雨的时程分配进行分析,得出各分区的24 h设计概化雨型,为中小流域根据暴雨推求设计洪水提供更符合现状下垫面条件的产汇流计算依据。

公路路基排水设计计算方法研究

路基排水设计是公路设计中的重要内容,因其理论计算相对繁琐,设计中大多省略理论计算过程,仅结合经验确定相应的排水设施形式及尺寸。对于降雨量较大地区的重难点项目,可能造成部分路段路基排水设施形式及尺寸不合理,从而出现排水不畅,威胁路基安全。对路基排水设计计算步骤进行简要梳理,并根据现有的排水理论计算公式,结合案例,对路基排水进行理论计算,使路基排水设计趋于合理,避免因排水问题引发安全事故及地质灾害。

采用暴雨后期平均排除法计算排涝泵站规模研究

随着近年来城市化进程加速,城市排涝泵站建设需求激增,如何因地制宜确定排涝泵站规模尤为重要。淮北地区常用的方法有排模法、24 h降雨24 h平均排除法和调洪演算法等。其中调洪演算法是确定排涝泵站规模比较准确的方法,但淮北地区多数排涝泵站所在河道缺少实测流量及产汇流过程线等数据,采用调洪演算法计算较繁琐。以七渔河泵站作为计算实例加以探讨,研究发现,采用最大24 h降雨时程分布24 h内暴雨后期平均排除法计算产汇流及排涝泵站规模方法便捷且计算精确,为淮北地区排涝泵站规模计算提供了一种新的方法。该方法适用于流域面积小于50 km2且缺少实测流量等数据的排水区域,已在阜阳市芦桥沟泵站和临泉县白沟站得到运用,结果科学可行。

内涝防治设计重现期下设计暴雨雨型研究

本研究以各省市发布的暴雨图集和暴雨强度公式为基础,通过分析大、小排水系统的设计要求和联系,提出采用“长包短”、“大包小”的方法统筹协调水利和市政设计暴雨,构建能够满足内涝防治系统数学模型计算要求的内涝防治设计暴雨雨型,为开展后续的内涝防治设计工作提供科学依据。

手把岩水库暴雨洪水特性及设计洪水计算分析

针对孙家沟山区雨源型小流域的水文特性,在充分考虑手把岩水库坝址以上集水区间对设计洪水影响的基础上,以邻近黔西气象站62年实测降水资料为基准,结合周边沙厂雨量站等降水参证站,采用雨洪法及闭流区计算方法,对流域暴雨洪水特性进行研究。结果表明,水库坝址处设计洪水研究成果与历史调查洪水相差不大,与流域暴雨洪水特性匹配性高,合理可靠。雨洪法及闭流区计算方法推求的洪水成果,既能为本工程设计方案优化提供数据支撑,也可为其他无实测资料山区小流域合理开发利用提供参考。