Household Drill Innovative Design under the Guidance of Ergonomics

The household drill is named 90 Degree, designed by Industrial Design Pilot Program Center(Hereinafter referred to as IDPPC) of Luxun Academy of Fine Arts(Hereinafter referred to as LAFA), which is the only national pilot program center in Chinese industrial design field. 90 Degree is designed for home environment, it helps inexperience users, such as women and the elderly, complete the operation easily, and it makes sure that safe operation and assistance users solve the precise punching, location, storage trash and other operations. According to research among users who can understand or manipulate a drill, the designers find problems of users from the user central perspective, and then they integrate product innovative design methods to propose solutions. When the designers intend to design 90 Degree, they attempt using the user behavior record and analysis system, and start ergonomics study in subjects by double hands operation analysis, using gesture analysis, details of work analysis, time and motion study, etc; meanwhile taking advantages of user experience analysis, behavior intention analysis to do user subjective perceptual evaluation. The functions, structure, shape, color, material, details of 90 Degree should be consistent with the standard of usability evaluation. There are two characteristics in 90 Degree, the first one is a transparent cover installed in front of the drill, which can collect the dust, rubbish when drilling and keep the work environment clean. So it is applicable for households. When the transparent cover of the drill is removed, it also can be used as a normal hand drill; the second one is the shape of 90 Degree makes it and the operating surface fitting together, thus enhancing the stability in operation, so it is best for inexperienced users. When 90 Degree contacts with the operating surface, it can emit the laser ray which helps the user to punch accurately, and make array punch more easily. After obtaining the data, charts, creating Shadow observation by the designers, they make a comprehensive evaluation on research results; verification advantages of 90 Degree meet the requirement of usability, reducing operating failure rate; and increasing safety factors. 90 Degree, in 2011, wined German Red Dot Design Award, which had become a representative excellent design example to resolve several drilling difficulties. The designers introduce ergonomics theory into design practice, and use scientific program and methods to evaluate the products which is useful to the development and promotion of products.

Functional design method for improving safety and ergonomics of mechanical products

In order to help companies to improve their competetiveness, it is important to develop new design methodologies. In this framework, a Functional And Robust Design (FARD) methodology dedicated to routine design of “highly productive” modular product ranges is proposed including principles of functional analysis, Design For Assembly (DFA), and techniques of modelling and simulation for ergonomics consideration. This paper focuses on the application of this original method applied to mechanical vibration and ergonomics problems of a scraper. Including biomechanical aspect in the design methodology, it is possible to identify the impact of a vibration tool on its users using numerical models of the tool coupled to a finite element model of the human hand. This method can proactively warn very early, in the design process, the risks of causing musculoskeletal disorders and facilitate an optimization of the mechanical tool. This study is a first step in a context of human-centered design.

An Ergonomics Study and Rapid Upper Limb Assessments(RULA)for a Car Interior to Support Limb Disabled Drivers

The demanding market shows that the need for the disabled vehicles have been increasing over the recent years.However,these factory setting cars are pricey,and its buy-sell process is time-consuming.These cars also are not meant as a universal design or inclusion design type of car,so that when it is designed for the disabled,it can be beneficial for all.With the motivation to include limbs disabled drivers in designing a universally designed car,this study aims to determine the preferred ergonomics interior of the car which can improve features needed to meet the mobility of impaired individuals in most scenarios.5 simulations were carried out to simulate these conditions using the RULA analysis,in order to simulate the ergonomics impact on the manikin.In the final analysis,the simulations showed a virtuous score,which was between 1 and 2 for the newly redesigned interior,compared to the score of 3 to 6 for current cars.Another verification made,post questionnaire delineates positive responses upon the redesigned parts scoring 70%~90% level of ergonomics rated.Therefore,this research has set forth the necessity of redesigning a car interior and improved its ergonomic features extensively,specifically for lower limb and combined limb disabled drivers.

Ergonomic Reliability Assessment of VDT Systemfor Operation Design Based on Improved BPNN and HCR under Special Circumstances

Ergonomic reliability plays a significant role in the safe operation of devices.With the spread of infectious diseases around the world,in work environments with high loads and high infection rates,medical staff work in a state of high self-protection.The use of visual display terminal(VDT)for medical equipment has undergone fundamental changes,and the traditional medical equipment human-machine interface design needs to be improved.After the completion of design and development,a VDT design enters the experimental testing stage,which has significant limitations for simulating the work of medical staff in the high-load and high-infection environments.The testing cost is high,and subjects face harsh conditions;thus,an ergonomic reliability model that can predict the use of VDT in such special high-infection and high-load circumstances must be established.An ergonomic reliability model based on an improved backpropagation neural network(BPNN)and human cognition reliability(HCR)is proposed for predicting and evaluating operation flows according tomedical equipment VDTs.Firstly,a small data sample can be used to train BPNN to generate a network that can ensure suitable accuracy.To prevent the model from falling into local optimal solutions,the bat algorithm is introduced to improve the BPNN.Compared to a traditional BPNN,the superiority of the improved BPNN is clearly demonstrated.Secondly,the HCR method is used to analyze and highlight changes in the human factor reliability of VDTs for medical equipment in different time processes and operating processes according to BPNN prediction results,to provide a reference for selecting the optimalmethod.Finally,the validity and availability of the proposedmethod are verified through an eye tracker experiment and statistical analysis results.

承启于传统与现代的先知——英国建筑师沃伊西的设计实践解读

查尔斯·F.A.沃伊西是20世纪之交英国杰出的建筑师,被称作先知先觉的现代主义者。他以普金最后的弟子自居,为英国本土乃至欧洲现代运动发展所作出的贡献不容忽视。沃伊西的建筑生涯几乎全部奉献给了乡土住宅建筑,他深度解读中世纪哥特传统的本质,结合英国本土的民族风格并融入东方美学与工业设计的建筑实践启发了现代主义。本文以沃伊西为研究对象,探究他是如何承启于传统与现代之间,延续传统又不陷于历史主义,或将启发当今我国本土建筑的历史性延续与创新性设计。

人因工程学视角下的高校科研建筑公共空间设计策略研究

在工业5.0时代,科研教育向多学科交叉、产学研融合方向发展,高校科研建筑公共空间的重要性日益凸显。本研究根据人因工程学与建筑设计的关联,结合高校科研建筑公共空间的建设需要,建立人因要素系统框架,并以实现人、建筑、环境三者的最佳匹配为目标,提出人性化设计、高效智能空间营造、舒适和谐环境塑造的设计策略,以期为创设安全高效、健康舒适的高校科研建筑公共空间提供设计思路。

岭南乡土建筑可持续被动式节能设计策略

基于我国碳达峰与碳中和的目标以及我国建筑业的现状问题,岭南乡土建筑可持续被动式节能设计迫在眉睫。以田野调查法和案例分析法为主,定性分析法和文献研究法为辅,从建筑选址、建筑总体布局采取多种措施进行建筑外部环境生态节能规划设计,采取多种措施进行建筑的平面、屋顶、墙体以及门窗的节能设计从而实现建筑自身被动式生态节能,采取多种措施实现建筑遮阳与采光的被动式节能设计。通过以上多种设计策略最终实现建筑可持续被动式节能,将有效改善建筑的通风、采光、隔热效果,大大降低建筑能耗,促进全国碳排放的降低,有利于我国碳达峰与碳中和宏伟目标的实现。

航天员出舱活动用移动扶手原型设计与试验验证

针对空间站舱外固定扶手难以满足航天员复杂舱外作业需求的问题,提出一种航天员出舱活动用的移动扶手,并对其进行了参数设计与试验研究。首先,在充分考虑着舱外服加压航天员手部施力特性的基础上,对舱外移动扶手操作机构的几何尺寸和弹簧刚度进行了参数设计。其次,为满足航天员在轨出舱单手操作移动扶手的人机工效学需求,对操作机构进行了自锁设计,并利用ADAMS对操作机构进行了动力学仿真分析,仿真结果表明,各操作机构能够实现自锁功能,且操作力符合着服加压航天员手部施力特性。最后,研制了舱外移动扶手原理样机,从功能、环境适应性及人机工效学方面进行了试验验证。试验结果表明:所述方案可顺利完成舱体扶手夹持、长度和角度调节,且实测操作力与理论值基本吻合,在力学和热学环境试验前后操作力无明显变化,各操作机构满足空间站舱外低轨环境及人机工效学要求。

符合人体工学的环境改造方案在办公室慢性腰痛患者治疗中的应用效果

目的 探讨符合人体工学的环境改造方案在办公室慢性腰痛患者治疗中的应用效果。方法 选取2019年9月至2022年10月在广州中医药大学第一附属医院重庆医院(重庆市北碚区中医院)康复科就诊的办公室腰痛患者70例作为受试者。采用随机数字表法将受试者分为对照组和试验组,各35例。对照组采用单纯工作环境下的自我牵伸训练,试验组在对照组基础上由康复治疗师针对患者工作姿势、座椅、键盘及其他键入设备、显示器、工作区域空间、工作附件等各个因素给出合适的改造方案。比较两组临床疗效,两组干预前和干预后1、3个月Oswestry功能障碍指数(ODI)和视觉模拟评分法(VAS)评分。结果 试验组临床疗效优于对照组(P<0.05)。整体分析发现:两组ODI、VAS评分组间、时间点比较及交互作用差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。进一步两两比较:干预后1、3个月,两组ODI、VAS评分均低于干预前;干预后3个月,试验组ODI、VAS评分低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论 符合人体工学的环境改造方案可以有效缓解工作者腰痛症状,有助于预防腰痛的发生。

宋式家具元素在现代家具设计中的应用

宋式家具典雅质朴、简洁隽秀,在现代家具设计中应用宋式家具元素,有利于我国家具等设计艺术的复兴,并赋予现代家具以新的文化内涵。本文通过文献研究法、图文互证法、案例分析法,从宋式家具的结构、材料、装饰三个方面探究宋式家具元素在现代家具设计中的应用方法,并基于宋式家具元素,结合人体工学及现代文化进行了设计实践,为现代家具应用宋式家具元素提供新思路。

基于Jack的老年电动代步车人机工程设计与优化

目的满足行动不便的老年用户群体复杂的出行需求,提高电动代步车类工具使用过程中的舒适度。方法在传统老年电动代步车的基础上附加辅助站立结构,创新设计出一款坐、立两用的新型电动代步车,并借助Jack仿真软件,对老年用户坐姿驾驶和辅助站立支撑状态下的舒适度、可达域、可视域,以及上车过程中L4/L5下背部的受力情况进行分析,以验证关键人机交互结构、尺寸设计的合理性及舒适性。结论通过验证和调整,对电动代步车的初期设计方案进行改进,优化后的方案为老年电动代步工具的设计提供了参考,可以为满足老年用户复杂的出行需求、提高电动代步车类工具使用过程中的舒适度和安全性提供帮助。

基于人机工程学的厨房家具适老化设计研究

当今中国老龄化社会问题严重,选择居家养老的老年人数量也越来越多,为了解决老年人使用厨房时不安全、不方便的问题,厨房家具适老化设计必不可少。文章主要从人机工程学的角度对厨房家具的适老化设计进行了研究,分析了老年人的心理、生理特征等,总结出了厨房家具适老化设计原则和方法。通过对操作台和吊柜高度的实例分析,得出了适合老年人使用的高度。提出了人机工程学在厨房家具适老化设计中的具体应用方法和设计原则。为厨房家具的适老化设计提供了参考。

基于网络评论文本分析的人机工学鼠标用户体验研究

探究人机工程学鼠标实际用户体验情况,分析其中的影响因素,梳理用户体验与可用性等方面关系。通过用户研究制作用户画像,将现有的鼠标以传统操作方式和新式人机操作方式为标准进行分类,共分出5种形式,总计10款被试产品进行研究。爬取现有人机工学鼠标相关商品网络评论,对评论文本及用户情绪进行分析。通过句意分析把握用户体验,并对评论进行语素提取,试图确定产品对用户体验的影响要素。最后,通过可用性测试与用户访谈对分析结果准确性进行验证与补充。得到产品网络评论文本分析结果与情绪分析数据,进而归纳用户实际体验。文本分析法与网络民族志的结合使设计师可以进一步挖掘用户信息,以用户为中心,对产品进行分析和评价,该方法对产品设计与优化均具有较强参考价值。

基于人因工程学的高校图书馆自助检索机设计研究

为了增强目前高校图书馆自助检索机的使用效率,提升用户在图书检索过程中的使用体验。文章通过对高校图书馆自助检索机进行调研,发现其存在设备尺寸不符合人体工学、操作方式不符合人性化、界面设计不符合用户习惯等问题。文章充分考虑大学生的身体变化,运用人因工程学理论进行再设计。给出具体的高校图书馆自助检索机尺寸参数和界面设计策略。该设计研究可以为各大高校图书馆自助检索机设计的参考。

新乡土建筑在藏族民居中的应用研究——以佳碧村为例

随着中国现代化进程的加速,建筑设计的审美观念也在不断地发展和改变。在这个过程中,新乡土建筑的运用逐渐成为人们关注的焦点。通过田野调查、文献查找、实地测量等研究方法,发现在藏族民居中,新乡土建筑的应用研究是十分重要的。在研究中,建筑材料的选择和运用是一个重要的方面。传统的藏族民居主要采用木材和土坯等材料,而现代的新乡土建筑则加入了更多的新型建筑材料。文章着重论述了新乡土建筑在藏族民居中的运用,探讨新乡土建筑的建筑形式对地方建筑发展的影响,对改善城市环境具有重要作用和贡献。最后得出结论,这些新材料不仅提高了建筑的耐久性和安全性,同时也让建筑更加美观并符合现代人的审美需求。

基于人机工学的救护车医疗舱优化设计分析

通过应用人机工程学原理,提出一系列救护车医疗舱布局的优化建议,以提高医疗团队的工作效能,降低其腰背病痛率。对现有救护车舱室人机环境进行调研,通过调研与医院的急救人员进行访谈,掌握急救人员的痛点,分析急救人员的行为需求,建立舱室三维模型并利用JACK人机仿真软件对现有救护车舱室人机环境进行评估,以此提出符合人机的布局优化建议。从救护车舱室内部空间、设备配置以及布局流程3个方面提出优化建议,使救援效率更加高效。

老年人烹饪行为基础研究对厨房适老化设计的启示

我国人口老龄化的加剧和人们对高品质生活空间的向往要求住宅设计向更精准、科学的方向发展,对居住行为的研究可为住宅优化设计提供新的启示。文章基于人因工程学视角开展基础研究,观测并采集老年人烹饪行为,搭建空间行为模型,对比分析老年人行为特征,探究其与厨房空间布局、家具设施之间的关系,为厨房适老化设计提供科学依据。

当代新乡土景观设计特征与策略研究

乡村景观建设是推动乡村振兴战略实施的重要举措。随着“乡土中国”逐渐向“新乡土中国”转型,时代发展对传统乡村造成冲击。当代乡土景观不仅需要留存传统乡土气息,同时适应现代生活方式,平衡乡土文化与现代需求。基于以上两点要求得出“新乡土景观”的适宜性、创新性、有机性、在地性的特征,并结合郭亮村公共空间景观建造实例,详细阐述新乡土景观营造过程中的设计策略。

基于通用设计理念的升降洗碗橱柜设计

优化差异化用户使用洗碗橱柜的人机工程体验,解决橱柜高度和使用人员身高非最佳匹配导致身体劳损酸痛的问题。从人机工效学角度提高用户体验为目的,为差异化人群提供台面高度可调节的产品解决方案。以通用设计发展为理论基础,以用户意识形态变化、使用需求、身高、行为、认知差异化为设计依据。融合结构设计、人机工学、用户体验三类设计要素,基于身高、习惯、认知3种差异提出了包含多模态交互、结构造型的洗碗橱柜设计方案,用JACK进行人因分析验证。通过设计方案,在JACK人因虚拟仿真中得出的数据分析,可以得出以下结论:与传统80cm橱柜高度台面相比,该产品设计方案能普遍优化身高高于142cm的男女性在洗碗橱柜交互的人机体验。身高越高,人机体验优化越明显。该设计方案能够让高于142cm的身高差异化人群和各年龄段人群使用洗碗橱柜时都可获得优良的人机工学体验和升降操作方式友好的交互体验。该设计方案可为智能化家具的结构设计和提高厨房洗碗橱柜用户体验的创新研发提供参考。