Analysis of Municipal Water Supply and Drainage Pipe Design Technology

The quality and safety of residents’water rely heavily on the design of municipal water supply and drainage pipes.Therefore,this paper aims to enhance the optimization of municipal water supply and drainage pipe design by focusing on design requirements,principles,and key elements.Drawing from relevant design optimization experiences,technology advancements,and optimization measures,the research will analyze and consolidate the essential aspects of municipal water supply and drainage pipe design.The goal is to fundamentally elevate the quality standards of these designs,ensuring they meet the criteria for engineering project excellence.Through this comprehensive approach,we aim to contribute to the improvement and sustainability of water supply and drainage systems,safeguarding the well-being of residents.

Curriculum Reform Practices in “Cosmetic Product Formulation Design and Preparation Technology” Under the Perspective of Integration of Industry, Education, and Research

With the upgrading of industries,the cosmetics industry has posed new requirements for technical talents.As a professional core course in cosmetic technology,“Cosmetic Product Formulation Design and Preparation Technology”serves as the foundation for cultivating students’abilities in cosmetic development and preparation.To foster high-quality skilled talents capable of adapting to the rapid growth of color cosmetics and to better promote the deep integration of scientific and technological industries with curriculum teaching,the teacher team embarked on active explorations and practical teaching research for curriculum teaching reform from four dimensions:strengthening top-level design,enriching teaching content,optimizing teaching design,and reforming assessment methods.These efforts have enhanced students’comprehensive vocational qualities and innovative consciousness,contributing to the teaching reform in higher vocational colleges under the integration of industry,education,and research.

Sensitivity investigation of 100-MeV proton irradiation to SiGe HBT single event effect

The single event effect(SEE) sensitivity of silicon–germanium heterojunction bipolar transistor(Si Ge HBT) irradiated by 100-Me V proton is investigated. The simulation results indicate that the most sensitive position of the Si Ge HBT device is the emitter center, where the protons pass through the larger collector-substrate(CS) junction. Furthermore, in this work the experimental studies are also carried out by using 100-Me V proton. In order to consider the influence of temperature on SEE, both simulation and experiment are conducted at a temperature of 93 K. At a cryogenic temperature, the carrier mobility increases, which leads to higher transient current peaks, but the duration of the current decreases significantly.Notably, at the same proton flux, there is only one single event transient(SET) that occurs at 93 K. Thus, the radiation hard ability of the device increases at cryogenic temperatures. The simulation results are found to be qualitatively consistent with the experimental results of 100-Me V protons. To further evaluate the tolerance of the device, the influence of proton on Si Ge HBT after gamma-ray(^(60)Coγ) irradiation is investigated. As a result, as the cumulative dose increases, the introduction of traps results in a significant reduction in both the peak value and duration of the transient currents.

A Strategic Study of Establishing the Industrial Needs in Pattern Design and Technology in China's Mainland

Pattern design and technology play a very important role in the garment industry. In order to improve the level of pattern making and design of the garment industry, a survey was conducted to investigate the industrial needs in pattern design and technology in China's Mainland. The data were collected from the employers and employees from the garment industry and students in the major of fashion and clothing studies. It indicated that there was a gap between the employer and employee, especially the requirements of the industrial needs and the course contents covered by the tertiary schools. The employers expected to recruit more experienced pattern designers, at the same time, they were not reluctant to hire fresh graduates and spent more resources on the training of employees. The students knew little about their employment situation of the garment industry, spent too little time on the course study and learned too little practical skills in pattern design. They could not make use of the knowledge which prevented them from being employed by the garment industry. Efforts should be taken by both the tertiary schools and the garment industry. The students should be aspirated towards the profession of pattern cutters and the syllabuses of pattern making should be more practical and industrial orientated. The solution might benefit the garment industry a lot in a long run.

Application of Multimedia and Internet Technology in Learning Mould Design

With the use of multimedia which combines the use o f text, sound, images, motion video and animation, it is more efficient for studen ts to learn mould design interactively. A program is created using several multi media software to simulate the mechanism of moulding processes in order to let s tudents understand the concept of mould design. In addition, students can even access the program through the Internet. Therefore, the software is defined as Multimedia and Internet Technology (MIT) program. The MIT program consists of four sections: (i) simulation of mould mechanisms, ( ii) cooling system, (iii) material information and (iv) games for tutorials. Sec tion One covers the basic operations of different types of moulds such as two-p late mould, three-plate mould, split mould, side-core mould and mould with und ercuts. Section Two introduces different types of cooling systems such as bubble r, baffle, cooling circuits, etc. Section Three provides some useful material in formation for mould design. Section Four contains games of matching mould compon ents, mould design problem finding and multiple choice questions to test student s how much they understand mould design concept. Multimedia is highly effective particularly in teaching and learning. It changes the nature of learning itself. It makes reading dynamic by giving words an impo rtant new dimension. It allows students to see, hear and do simultaneously, thus significantly reducing average learning time. Furthermore, through cooperative learning on Internet, students can access the program, share data or search info rmation anytime anywhere. Therefore, Multimedia and Internet Technology is one o f the vital aspects to speed up the realization of information age in society.

Analysis of displacement damage effects on the charge-coupled device induced by neutrons at Back-n in the China Spallation Neutron Source

Displacement damage effects on the charge-coupled device(CCD)induced by neutrons at the back-streaming white neutron source(Back-n)in the China Spallation Neutron Source(CSNS)are analyzed according to an online irradiation experiment.The hot pixels,random telegraph signal(RTS),mean dark signal,dark current and dark signal non-uniformity(DSNU)induced by Back-n are presented.The dark current is calculated according to the mean dark signal at various integration times.The single-particle displacement damage and transient response are also observed based on the online measurement data.The trends of hot pixels,mean dark signal,DSNU and RTS degradation are related to the integration time and irradiation fluence.The mean dark signal,dark current and DSNU2 are nearly linear with neutron irradiation fluence when nearly all the pixels do not reach saturation.In addition,the mechanisms of the displacement damage effects on the CCD are demonstrated by combining the experimental results and technology computer-aided design(TCAD)simulation.Radiation-induced traps in the space charge region of the CCD will act as generation/recombination centers of electron-hole pairs,leading to an increase in the dark signal.

Future Digital Design and Manufacturing Technologies for Manufacturing Innovation:Embracing Industry 4.0 and Beyond

Industry 4.0 as referred to a fourth industrial revolution has endorsed in several national manufacturing development plans such as in Germany, the UK, and China. A set of important pervasive and secondary technologies for future manufacturing activities have been identified such as additive manufacturing, sensor technology, big data analytics, Internet of things, robotics, cloud computing, and nanotechnology.

Assessing the influence of jet-grouting underpinning on the nearby buildings

This paper focuses on the underpinning-induced ground movement due to jet-grouting. Jet-grouting technique can cause distortions as a result of an inaccurate processing sequence and/or errors made at different stages of work execution. The aim of this paper is to determine the minimum value of such movement on the basis of the findings obtained at two similar construction sites located in the Historical Center of Moscow, considering that the maximum value is usually unpredictable. Numerical simulation of the process of soil eroding agrees well with the observational data at the current stage. It was found that the minimum value of deformations （only settlement was considered in this study） due to jetgrouting is no less than 2-3 mm. By contrast, the negative scenario of deformation due to foundation underpinning is clearly demonstrated. Also, this paper provides some general solutions for excavation supporting system as well as for underpinning design.

A Teaching Experiment between Design Concept and Structural Behaviour： Full-Scale Constructions in a Second-Year Studio

Consciousness is the main quality one can ask architecture students. Consciousness means the ability to recognize that the design process is a ＂problem solving＂ activity and not an exercise of uncontrolled imagination. In architectural education, small structures are a common subject in American and European universities where the inductive teaching is practiced routinely. This teaching experiment is developed within a design studio course in the second year of an architecture degree course and regards design and construction of a small bridge l：l scale. The exercises focus on the role of structural behaviour within architectural design. The teaching method contributes to the perception of the great complexity of the design process, to the acquisition of an attitude of prudence in design choices and to attention to detail in the development of creativity.

Modeling,simulations,and optimizations of gallium oxide on gallium-nitride Schottky barrier diodes

With technology computer-aided design(TCAD)simulation software,we design a new structure of gallium oxide on gallium-nitride Schottky barrier diode(SBD).The parameters of gallium oxide are defined as new material parameters in the material library,and the SBD turn-on and breakdown behavior are simulated.The simulation results reveal that this new structure has a larger turn-on current than Ga2O3 SBD and a larger breakdown voltage than Ga N SBD.Also,to solve the lattice mismatch problem in the real epitaxy,we add a Zn O layer as a transition layer.The simulations show that the device still has good properties after adding this layer.

Discussion on Art Design Education in Colleges and Universities in Digital

At present, the reform of colleges and universities in our country is in full swing. In the course of teaching design of art in colleges and universities, it is necessary to change the teaching mode in time to adapt to the new teaching development environment. In the era of digital development, we need to give full attention to the optimization of art design teaching in colleges and universities, and run new teaching techniques. This paper mainly analyzes the advantages and importance of the digital art design in colleges and universities, and then discusses the application of digital technology in the art design teaching and the concrete teaching optimiTatiun strategy in detail. Hoping to through this theoretical research, contribute to the improvement of the quality of art design teaching.

Evaluation of Contact Pressure in Bending under Tension Test by a Pressure Sensitive Film

The contact pressure acting on the sheet/tools interface has been studied because of growing the concern about the wear of tools. Recent studies make use of numerical simulation software to evaluate and correlate this pressure with the friction and wear generated. Since there are many studies that determine the coefficient of friction in sheet metal forming by bending under tension (BUT) test, the contact pressure between the pin and the sheet was measured using a film that has the ability to record the applied pressure. The vertical force applied to pin was also measured. The results indicate that the vertical force is more accurate to set the contact pressure that using equations predetermined. It was also observed that the contact area between the sheet and the pin is always smaller than the area calculated geometrically. The friction coefficient was determined for the BUT test through several equations proposed by various authors in order to check if there is much variation between the results. It was observed that the friction coefficient showed little variation for each equation, and each one can be used. The material used was the commercially pure aluminum, alloy Al1100.

Improving the Efficiency of Mechatronic Systems in Order to Ensure Intensive Reform“Industry-4.0”

The presented work will show the highest relevance of solving all the issues related to this problem and present the results of the analysis of the main expected potential problems,which may occur in the implementation of the INDUSTRY-4.0 reform.It is proved that the pace and level of development of this reform will be determined to a large extent by the effectiveness of the individual nodes used and the entire mechatronic system.It has also been established that as a result of systematic miniaturization of the nodes of radio-electronic equipment and microelectronic equipment and microelectronic technology,the main problem of these reforms and the implementation of complex technological processes is instrumental and technological support,especially with cutting micro-tools and equipment.Therefore,on the example of these investigations,methods for improving their performance are shown.

BIM技术在桥梁设计阶段的应用探讨

在现阶段我国桥梁工程项目建设中,因为面临着更高的建设要求,桥梁结构也更为复杂,在承载能力以及耐久性方面同样也需要得到良好保障,如此一来,需要重点围绕桥梁工程项目建设全过程进行严格把关。从桥梁工程项目设计阶段来看,如果设计方案不合理,存在着较多的隐患和缺陷,必然也就会影响后续桥梁工程项目整体施工效果,所以,切实提升桥梁工程设计水平极为必要。BIM技术作为当前工程行业中至关重要的新型技术手段,确实在多个方面发挥着积极作用,将其应用到桥梁工程项目中,必然也可以更好地优化设计方案。

The future is frozen:cryogenic CMOS for high-performance computing

Low temperature complementary metal oxide semiconductor(CMOS)or cryogenic CMOS is a promising avenue for the continuation of Moore’s law while serving the needs of high performance computing.With temperature as a control“knob”to steepen the subthreshold slope behavior of CMOS devices,the supply voltage of operation can be reduced with no impact on operating speed.With the optimal threshold voltage engineering,the device ON current can be further enhanced,translating to higher performance.In this article,the experimentally calibrated data was adopted to tune the threshold voltage and investigated the power performance area of cryogenic CMOS at device,circuit and system level.We also presented results from measurement and analysis of functional memory chips fabricated in 28 nm bulk CMOS and 22 nm fully depleted silicon on insulator(FDSOI)operating at cryogenic temperature.Finally,the challenges and opportunities in the further development and deployment of such systems were discussed.

Simulation analysis of combined UV/blue photodetector in CMOS process by technology computer-aided design

A composite ultraviolet （UV）/blue photode- tector structure has been proposed, which is composed of P-type silicon substrate, Pwelb Nwell and N-channel metal- oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor （NMOSFET） realized in the PweH. In this photodetector, lateral ring- shaped Pwell-Nwell junction was used to separate the photogenerated carriers, and non-equilibrium excess hole was injected to the Pwell bulk for changing the bulk potential and shifting the NMOSFET＇s threshold voltage as well as the output drain current. By technology computer-aided design （TCAD） device, simulation and analysis of this proposed photodetector were carried out. Simulation results show that the combined photodetector has enhanced responsivity to UV/blue spectrum. More- over, it exhibits very high sensitivity to weak and especially ultral-weak optical light. A sensitivity of 7000 A/W was obtained when an incident optical power of 0.01 μW was illuminated to the photodetector, which is 35000 times higher than the responsivity of a conventional silicon-based UV photodiode （usually is about 0.2 A/W）. As a result, this proposed combined photodetector has great potential values for UV applications.

THE ESSENCE OF LOW-ENERGY AFFORDABLE HOUSING DESIGN STRATEGIESLearnt from Scottish and Canadian Homebuilders’Attempt and Experience

Nearly one-third of the Scottish population is struggling to heat their home properly today.There is an urgent need for the delivery of low-energy affordable homes.However,the homebuilding industry has no systematic way to deliver such unconventional homes,although the UK government has set out a bold“green”target that all newly-built homes be carbon neutral by 2016.Accordingly,this paper explores the status quo of today’s affordable homes being built in Scotland;and secondly,it extends the scope to the review of successfully commercialized low-to zero-energy affordable housing developments in Canada.This study emphasizes the significant impact of design choices on the delivery of low-to zero-energy affordable housing,including housing orientations and configurations;construction materials and systems,including renewable energy technologies;and internal planning,with due consideration to the time-related sun positions and the internal space day-lighting and heat gain potentials.In addition,the paper argues that the absence of clear definitions as to housing quality and affordability,and the lack of industry capacity for technical knowledge learning activities,are potential obstacles that limit the spread of sustainable zero-carbon homes in Scotland today.Moreover,the effect of the design charrette approach being practiced in Canada on the homebuilding decision making process was reviewed,with the aim of providing a base for further discussion on the applicability of Canadian low-energy affordable housing design techniques to sustainable zero carbon homes of the future in Scotland.

Design and construction of super-long span bridges in China: Review and future perspectives

Super-long span bridges demand high design requirements and involve many difficulties when constructed,which is an important indicator to reflect the bridge technical level of a country.Over the past three decades,a large percentage of the new long-span bridges around the world were built in China,and thus,abundant technological innovations and experience have been accumulated during the design and construction.This paper aims to review and summarize the design and construction practices of the superstructure,the substructure,and the steel deck paving of the long-span bridges during the past decades as well as the current operation status of the existing long-span bridges in China.A future perspective was given on the developing trend of high-speed railway bridge,bridge over deep-sea,health monitoring and maintenance,intellectualization,standard system,and information technology,which is expected to guide the development direction for the construction of future super long-span bridges and promote China to become a strong bridge construction country.

General optimal design of solar-powered unmanned aerial vehicle for priority considering propulsion system

This paper describes the general optimization design method of Solar-Powered Unmanned Aerial Vehicle which priority considering propulsion system planning. Based on the traditional solar powered aircraft design method, the propulsion system top-level target parameters which affect the path planning are integrated into the general optimization design. According to the typical mission requirements of Solar-Powered Unmanned Aerial Vehicle, considering the design variables such as wing area, aspect ratio, design mission date and so on, the general optimization is carried out with the minimum aircraft weight as the optimization objective. The influence of wing area and aspect ratio on the optimal design results is analyzed and compared with the traditional design method. The results show that the general design method of Solar-Powered Unmanned Aerial Vehicle for priority considering propulsion system can greatly reduce the electricity demand of energy storage battery, greatly reduce the aircraft weight of Solar-Powered Unmanned Aerial Vehicle.