The objective of this study was to identify determinants of fertility desires in HIV positive women living in the Western Highlands Province, Papua New Guinea, a male-dominated, patrimonial society. A cross-sectional ...The objective of this study was to identify determinants of fertility desires in HIV positive women living in the Western Highlands Province, Papua New Guinea, a male-dominated, patrimonial society. A cross-sectional study was conducted to collect data in February, 2010. Two hundred and ninety one HIV-infected women participated in personal interviews using a structured questionnaire. Sixty-six percent of the respondents were in polygamous relationships. Thirty-four percent of the participants desired a child in the future. Chi-square tests revealed that variables associated with desire for a child were age, marital status, number of children, current co-habitation with a partner, duration of time with a partner, receipt of the bride price, domestic physical violence, sexual activity in the previous three months, partner’s desire for a child, and current contraceptive use. Using multiple logistic regression, a partner’s positive desire for a child was the strongest predictor, with an odds ratio of 13.04 (95% CI = 5.6 -29.91). Fertility desires were largely influenced by dominant culturally sensitive issues and the family-oriented culture. The integration of effective counseling and reproductive healthcare service into HIV clinics is recommended. Holistic, culturally-relevant and family-oriented reproductive health counseling should provide more positive outcomes for both HIV-infected women and their children.展开更多
The Popu lation Research Instit ute of the University of Tibet conduct-ed a survey in 1995 on the fertility intentions and atti-tude towards family planning anong m arried Tibetan women of childbearing age in urban an...The Popu lation Research Instit ute of the University of Tibet conduct-ed a survey in 1995 on the fertility intentions and atti-tude towards family planning anong m arried Tibetan women of childbearing age in urban and rural Tibet.Women aged 2034 made up 59.2%of the 857 women su1veyed.展开更多
To analyze the morality loss of Carrie,the social context and Carrie's own desires are taken in to consideration.At theend of the paper,the analysis of several the metaphorical images is provided to help the reads...To analyze the morality loss of Carrie,the social context and Carrie's own desires are taken in to consideration.At theend of the paper,the analysis of several the metaphorical images is provided to help the reads understand the spiritual consolationof Carrie.展开更多
From international student to professor,Tripathi Mani shares his thoughts on Chinese and Indian cultures and the beneficial exchanges between them.TRIPATHI Vivek Mani first learned about China from bedtime stories tol...From international student to professor,Tripathi Mani shares his thoughts on Chinese and Indian cultures and the beneficial exchanges between them.TRIPATHI Vivek Mani first learned about China from bedtime stories told by his father,a Sanskrit teacher in rural Bihar,a state in east India.Many of the stories were about the Chinese monk Xuanzang’s adventures during his long journey to India to find Buddhist scriptures.They kindled the young boy’s interest in China and the desire to visit it one day.展开更多
Dear Editor,This letter presents a novel Udwadia-Kalaba(U-K)approach for the trajectory tracking control of a quad-rotor unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV).Compared to conventional control approaches,the desired trajectorie...Dear Editor,This letter presents a novel Udwadia-Kalaba(U-K)approach for the trajectory tracking control of a quad-rotor unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV).Compared to conventional control approaches,the desired trajectories are treated as trajectory tracking constraints in this approach.展开更多
Plant derived natural fibers have been widely investigated as alternatives to synthetic fibers in reinforcing polymers.Researchers over the years have explored many plant fibers using different extraction processes to...Plant derived natural fibers have been widely investigated as alternatives to synthetic fibers in reinforcing polymers.Researchers over the years have explored many plant fibers using different extraction processes to study their physical,chemical,and mechanical properties.In this context,the present study relates to the extraction,characterization,and optimization of Typha angustata L.stem fibers.For this purpose,desirability functions and response surface methodology were applied to simultaneously optimize the diameter(D),linear density(LD);yield(Y),lignin fraction(L),and tenacity(T)of Typha stem fibers.Typha stems have been subjected to both alkali(NaOH)and enzymatic(pectinex ultra-SPL)treatments.Three levels of process variables including enzyme concentration(10,15,and 20 ml/L)and treatment duration(10,15,and 20 days)were used to design the experiments according to the factorial design.Experimental results were examined by analysis of variance and fitted to second order polynomial model using multiple regression analysis.The Derringer’s desirability function released that the values of process variables generating optimized diameter,linear density,yield,lignin ratio and tenacity are 20 ml/L and 20 days for concentration of pectinex ultra-SPL enzyme and treatment duration,respectively.Confirmation was performed and high degree of correlation was found between the experimental and statistical values.Moreover,the morphological structure has been investigated by the scanning electron microscope,showing a crenelated structure of ultimate fiber bundles of cellulose composing the Typha fiber.Compared to Typha stem non-treated fibers(TSNTF),Typha stem combined treated fibers(TSCTF),brings to improve mechanical properties.This change in mechanical properties is affected by modifying the fiber structure showing alpha cellulose of(66.86%)and lignin ratio of(10.83%)with a crystallinity index of(58.47%).展开更多
Gas turbines play core roles in clean energy supply and the construction of comprehensive energy systems.The control performance of primary frequency modulation of gas turbines has a great impact on the frequency cont...Gas turbines play core roles in clean energy supply and the construction of comprehensive energy systems.The control performance of primary frequency modulation of gas turbines has a great impact on the frequency control of the power grid.However,there are some control difficulties in the primary frequency modulation control of gas turbines,such as the coupling effect of the fuel control loop and speed control loop,slow tracking speed,and so on.To relieve the abovementioned difficulties,a control strategy based on the desired dynamic equation proportional integral(DDE-PI)is proposed in this paper.Based on the parameter stability region,a parameter tuning procedure is summarized.Simulation is carried out to address the ease of use and simplicity of the proposed tuning method.Finally,DDE-PI is applied to the primary frequency modulation system of an MS6001B heavy-duty gas turbine.The simulation results indicate that the gas turbine with the proposed strategy can obtain the best control performance with a strong ability to deal with system uncertainties.The proposed method shows good engineering application potential.展开更多
In 2023, Latin America was confronted with increased domestic and international challenges, resulting in a stronger public desire for change. New social ideologies are continuing to emerge, and transformation through ...In 2023, Latin America was confronted with increased domestic and international challenges, resulting in a stronger public desire for change. New social ideologies are continuing to emerge, and transformation through reform has become a broad consensus. However, during the complicated reshaping of Latin America's political ecology, the swing of the political pendulum and the change of regimes are accelerating.展开更多
By means of the relationship between speed and distance headway, this paperattempts to directly determine the road capacity based on a new concept. At first it makes acomprehensive analysis of distance headway, includ...By means of the relationship between speed and distance headway, this paperattempts to directly determine the road capacity based on a new concept. At first it makes acomprehensive analysis of distance headway, including safe distance headway and desired one. Theformer is decided by the demand for the degree of safety, and the latter depends on the motorists'behavior, i.e. the model of traffic flow. Both of them are functions of speed. According to thecharacteristics of their curves, we can find a crossing point that is the capacity of a roadsegment. This capacity represents the maximum flow rate meeting the minimum safety requirement.展开更多
A new adaptive cruise control (ACC) method based on the desired safety headway distance is investigated for improving the vehicle traffic safety at high speed by regulating the additional throttle opening and braking ...A new adaptive cruise control (ACC) method based on the desired safety headway distance is investigated for improving the vehicle traffic safety at high speed by regulating the additional throttle opening and braking torque of driving wheels only. The selection of headway distance sensors, the determination of desired safety headway distance and desired deceleration are elaborated. The ACC flowchart and simulation, as well as signal misinformation and its resolutions are described. The simulation proves that the new ACC method is simpler and feasible. The new method is easily integrated ACC with ABS/ASR to form an organic ABS/ASR/ACC system.展开更多
Ⅰ.Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers.Choose the one that wouldbest complete the statement.1.Polysemy is a common feature peculiar to ___.A.English only B.Chinese only C.all natural l...Ⅰ.Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers.Choose the one that wouldbest complete the statement.1.Polysemy is a common feature peculiar to ___.A.English only B.Chinese only C.all natural languages D.some natural languages2.From the ____ point of view,polysemy is assumed to be the result of growth and development of thesemantic structure of one and same word.A.linguistic B.diachronic C.synchronic D.展开更多
Ⅰ.文学常识1.Calvinism (加尔文主义) -It is the theological system of John Calvin. Its key principle is that God, not man, is central and supreme. Hence scripture is the source of doctrine.2. original sin (原罪)-In Chr...Ⅰ.文学常识1.Calvinism (加尔文主义) -It is the theological system of John Calvin. Its key principle is that God, not man, is central and supreme. Hence scripture is the source of doctrine.2. original sin (原罪)-In Christian theology, it is the state of sinfulness in which all mankind展开更多
Sister Carrie and Sister were created by different writers,in different countries and at different times.The paper attempts to analyze the similar female images in Carrie Meeber and Ying Xiaoqiao from their character,...Sister Carrie and Sister were created by different writers,in different countries and at different times.The paper attempts to analyze the similar female images in Carrie Meeber and Ying Xiaoqiao from their character,desire and moral consciousness.展开更多
文摘The objective of this study was to identify determinants of fertility desires in HIV positive women living in the Western Highlands Province, Papua New Guinea, a male-dominated, patrimonial society. A cross-sectional study was conducted to collect data in February, 2010. Two hundred and ninety one HIV-infected women participated in personal interviews using a structured questionnaire. Sixty-six percent of the respondents were in polygamous relationships. Thirty-four percent of the participants desired a child in the future. Chi-square tests revealed that variables associated with desire for a child were age, marital status, number of children, current co-habitation with a partner, duration of time with a partner, receipt of the bride price, domestic physical violence, sexual activity in the previous three months, partner’s desire for a child, and current contraceptive use. Using multiple logistic regression, a partner’s positive desire for a child was the strongest predictor, with an odds ratio of 13.04 (95% CI = 5.6 -29.91). Fertility desires were largely influenced by dominant culturally sensitive issues and the family-oriented culture. The integration of effective counseling and reproductive healthcare service into HIV clinics is recommended. Holistic, culturally-relevant and family-oriented reproductive health counseling should provide more positive outcomes for both HIV-infected women and their children.
文摘The Popu lation Research Instit ute of the University of Tibet conduct-ed a survey in 1995 on the fertility intentions and atti-tude towards family planning anong m arried Tibetan women of childbearing age in urban and rural Tibet.Women aged 2034 made up 59.2%of the 857 women su1veyed.
文摘To analyze the morality loss of Carrie,the social context and Carrie's own desires are taken in to consideration.At theend of the paper,the analysis of several the metaphorical images is provided to help the reads understand the spiritual consolationof Carrie.
文摘From international student to professor,Tripathi Mani shares his thoughts on Chinese and Indian cultures and the beneficial exchanges between them.TRIPATHI Vivek Mani first learned about China from bedtime stories told by his father,a Sanskrit teacher in rural Bihar,a state in east India.Many of the stories were about the Chinese monk Xuanzang’s adventures during his long journey to India to find Buddhist scriptures.They kindled the young boy’s interest in China and the desire to visit it one day.
基金supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for Central Universities of China (23GH020222)the Basic Research Program of Taicang City (TC2023JC06)。
文摘Dear Editor,This letter presents a novel Udwadia-Kalaba(U-K)approach for the trajectory tracking control of a quad-rotor unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV).Compared to conventional control approaches,the desired trajectories are treated as trajectory tracking constraints in this approach.
文摘Plant derived natural fibers have been widely investigated as alternatives to synthetic fibers in reinforcing polymers.Researchers over the years have explored many plant fibers using different extraction processes to study their physical,chemical,and mechanical properties.In this context,the present study relates to the extraction,characterization,and optimization of Typha angustata L.stem fibers.For this purpose,desirability functions and response surface methodology were applied to simultaneously optimize the diameter(D),linear density(LD);yield(Y),lignin fraction(L),and tenacity(T)of Typha stem fibers.Typha stems have been subjected to both alkali(NaOH)and enzymatic(pectinex ultra-SPL)treatments.Three levels of process variables including enzyme concentration(10,15,and 20 ml/L)and treatment duration(10,15,and 20 days)were used to design the experiments according to the factorial design.Experimental results were examined by analysis of variance and fitted to second order polynomial model using multiple regression analysis.The Derringer’s desirability function released that the values of process variables generating optimized diameter,linear density,yield,lignin ratio and tenacity are 20 ml/L and 20 days for concentration of pectinex ultra-SPL enzyme and treatment duration,respectively.Confirmation was performed and high degree of correlation was found between the experimental and statistical values.Moreover,the morphological structure has been investigated by the scanning electron microscope,showing a crenelated structure of ultimate fiber bundles of cellulose composing the Typha fiber.Compared to Typha stem non-treated fibers(TSNTF),Typha stem combined treated fibers(TSCTF),brings to improve mechanical properties.This change in mechanical properties is affected by modifying the fiber structure showing alpha cellulose of(66.86%)and lignin ratio of(10.83%)with a crystallinity index of(58.47%).
基金supported by Science and Technology Project of Jiangsu Frontier Electric Technology Co.,Ltd. (Grant Number KJ202004),Gao A.M. (author who received the grant).
文摘Gas turbines play core roles in clean energy supply and the construction of comprehensive energy systems.The control performance of primary frequency modulation of gas turbines has a great impact on the frequency control of the power grid.However,there are some control difficulties in the primary frequency modulation control of gas turbines,such as the coupling effect of the fuel control loop and speed control loop,slow tracking speed,and so on.To relieve the abovementioned difficulties,a control strategy based on the desired dynamic equation proportional integral(DDE-PI)is proposed in this paper.Based on the parameter stability region,a parameter tuning procedure is summarized.Simulation is carried out to address the ease of use and simplicity of the proposed tuning method.Finally,DDE-PI is applied to the primary frequency modulation system of an MS6001B heavy-duty gas turbine.The simulation results indicate that the gas turbine with the proposed strategy can obtain the best control performance with a strong ability to deal with system uncertainties.The proposed method shows good engineering application potential.
文摘In 2023, Latin America was confronted with increased domestic and international challenges, resulting in a stronger public desire for change. New social ideologies are continuing to emerge, and transformation through reform has become a broad consensus. However, during the complicated reshaping of Latin America's political ecology, the swing of the political pendulum and the change of regimes are accelerating.
文摘By means of the relationship between speed and distance headway, this paperattempts to directly determine the road capacity based on a new concept. At first it makes acomprehensive analysis of distance headway, including safe distance headway and desired one. Theformer is decided by the demand for the degree of safety, and the latter depends on the motorists'behavior, i.e. the model of traffic flow. Both of them are functions of speed. According to thecharacteristics of their curves, we can find a crossing point that is the capacity of a roadsegment. This capacity represents the maximum flow rate meeting the minimum safety requirement.
文摘A new adaptive cruise control (ACC) method based on the desired safety headway distance is investigated for improving the vehicle traffic safety at high speed by regulating the additional throttle opening and braking torque of driving wheels only. The selection of headway distance sensors, the determination of desired safety headway distance and desired deceleration are elaborated. The ACC flowchart and simulation, as well as signal misinformation and its resolutions are described. The simulation proves that the new ACC method is simpler and feasible. The new method is easily integrated ACC with ABS/ASR to form an organic ABS/ASR/ACC system.
文摘Ⅰ.Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers.Choose the one that wouldbest complete the statement.1.Polysemy is a common feature peculiar to ___.A.English only B.Chinese only C.all natural languages D.some natural languages2.From the ____ point of view,polysemy is assumed to be the result of growth and development of thesemantic structure of one and same word.A.linguistic B.diachronic C.synchronic D.
文摘Ⅰ.文学常识1.Calvinism (加尔文主义) -It is the theological system of John Calvin. Its key principle is that God, not man, is central and supreme. Hence scripture is the source of doctrine.2. original sin (原罪)-In Christian theology, it is the state of sinfulness in which all mankind
文摘Sister Carrie and Sister were created by different writers,in different countries and at different times.The paper attempts to analyze the similar female images in Carrie Meeber and Ying Xiaoqiao from their character,desire and moral consciousness.
