Airblast evolution initiated by Wangjiayan landslides in the M_(s)8.0 Wenchuan earthquake and its destructive capacity analysis

Airblasts,as one common phenomenon accompanied by rapid movements of landslides or rock/snow avalanches,commonly result in catastrophic damages and are attracting more and more scientific attention.To quantitatively analyze the intensity of airblast initiated by landslides,the Wangjiayan landslide,occurred in the Wenchuan earthquake,is selected here with the landslide propagation and airblast evolution being studied using FLUENT by introducing the Voellmy rheological law.The results reveal that:(1)For the Wangjiayan landslide,its whole travelling duration is only 12 s with its maximum velocity reaching 36 m/s at t=10 s;(2)corresponding to the landslide propagation,the maximum velocity,28 m/s,of the airblast initiated by the landslide also appears at t=10 s with its maximum pressure reaching594.8 Pa,which is equivalent to violent storm;(3)under the attack of airblast,the load suffered by buildings in the airblast zone increases to 1300 Pa at t=9.4 s and sharply decreased to-7000 Pa as the rapid decrease of the velocity of the sliding mass at t=10 s,which is seriously unfavorable for buildings and might be the key reason for the destructive collapse of buildings in the airblast zone of the Wangjiayan landslide.

The Al_(2)O_(3)and Mn/Al_(2)O_(3)sorbents highly utilized in destructive sorption of NF_(3)

NF_(3)is commonly used as an etching and cleaning gas in semiconductor industry,however it is a strongly greenhouse gas.Therefore,the destruction of disposal NF_(3)is an urgent task to migrate the greenhouse effect.Among the technologies for NF_(3)abatement,the destructive sorption of NF_(3)over metal oxides sorbents is an effective way.Thus,the search for a highly reactive and utilized sorbent for NF_(3)destruction is in great demand.In this work,AlOOH supported on carbon-sphere(AlOOH/CS)as precursors were synthesized hydrothermally and heat-treated to prepare the Al_(2)O_(3)sorbents.The influence of AlOOH/CS hydrothermal temperatures on the reactivity of derived Al_(2)O_(3)sorbents for NF_(3)destruction was investigated,and it is shown that the Al2O3 from AlOOH/CS hydro-thermalized at 120℃is superior to others.Subsequently,the optimized Al_(2)O_(3)was covered by Mn(OH)x to prepare Mn/Al_(2)O_(3)sorbents via changing hydrothermal temperatures and Mn loadings.The results show that the Mn/Al_(2)O_(3)sorbents are more utilized than bare Al_(2)O_(3)in NF_(3)destructive sorption due to the promotional effect of Mn_(2)O_(3)as surface layer on the fluorination of Al_(2)O_(3)as substrate,especially the optimal 5%Mn/Al2O3(160℃)exhibits a utilization percentage as high as 90.4%,and remarkably exceeds all the sorbents reported so far.These findings are beneficial to develop more efficient sorbents for the destruction of NF_(3).

The Destructive Effect of Lawlessness on Man's Soul

This paper analyzes the destructive effect of lawlessness on Dorian Gray in The Picture of Dorian Gray and Kurtz in Heart of Darkness.Under the protection of his portrait,Dorian Gray is lost in his seeking for pleasure and corrupts from a good angel into a vicious devil.As an oppressor in Africa,Kurtz can make his law and can do anything without punishment and is thus destroyed by his insatiable desire for ivory.The corruption of Dorian Gray and Kurtz shows that without observation,man may expose his evil side to an extreme.

Flexural destructive process of unidirectional carbon/carbon composites reinforced with in situ grown carbon nanofibers

Unidirectional carbon/carbon（C/C） composites modified with in situ grown carbon nanofibers（CNFs） were prepared by catalysis chemical vapor deposition. The effect of in situ grown CNFs on the flexural properties of the C/C composites was investigated by detailed analyses of destructive process. The results show that there is a sharp increase in the flexural load-displacement curve in the axial direction of the CNF-C/C composites, followed by a serrated yielding phenomenon similar to the plastic materials. The failure mode of the C/C composites modified with in situ grown CNFs is changed from the pull-out of single fiber to the breaking of fiber bundles. The existence of interfacial layer composed by middle-textured pyrocarbon, CNFs and high-textured pyrocarbon can block the crack propagation and change the propagation direction of the main crack, which leads to the higher flexural strength and modulus of C/C composites.

Reflection tuning via destructive interference in metasurface

Reflection engineering plays an important role in optics.For conventional approaches,the reflection tuning is quite challenging in a loss-free component.Therefore,a simple approach to tune the reflection is highly desired in plenty of applications.In this paper,we propose a new design of metasurface with just one single layer dielectric structure to tune the reflection of an interface by destructive interference in a subwavelength scale.By arranging the orientation of nano-antennas,the reflectivity tuning from 20%to 90%can be achieved at the wavelength of 1550 nm.Moreover,such reflectivity tuning of the designed metasurface works at the tunable wavelength from1500 nm to 1600 nm.This ultra-thin solution can achieve similar performance as the traditional bulky components without diffraction orders,while the design and fabrication are much simple and flexible.The ultra-thin and tunable properties indicate the great potentials of this method to be applied in laser fabrication,optical communication and optical integration.

Differentiation of Fungal Destructive Behaviour of Wood by the White-Rot Fungus Fomes fomentarius by MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry

There are many methods to identify and recognize the molecular and behavioural differences between organisms.One of the methods for the detection and identification of unknown organisms as well as intermolecular and intramolecular structural differences is MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry.Therefore,differentiation of Fomes fomentarius decay capabilities on the chemical properties of the wood cell wall of the tree species Quercus castaneifolia,Juglans regia,and Carpinus betulus were used to determine and characterize the destructive behaviour of F.fomentarius decay by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry.The results showed that the fungus had more significant destructive behaviour on J.regia than the other species.For this evidence,completely removal of xylan hemicellulose fragment+Na+at peak 1227 Da and severe digestion of fragment of glucomannan hemicellulose at peak 1477–1480 Da that it seems that signs of soft-rot patterns were obtained from the decayed sample of J.regia,while these were incremental and unchanged for C.betulus and Q.castaneifolia,respectively.However,C.betulus had different peaks of atomic mass than J.regia and Q.castaneifolia wood,respectively.These results showed that this technique could be useful for separating and identifying unknown compounds of the wood cell wall attacked by fungi relying on their biological behaviour.

Casualties' States During Destructive Earthquakes

The index of casualties is introduced for the trapped that is still alive after a destructive earthquake to indicate his (her) injury degree. In order to describe the injury-developing process controlled by three factors: the initial injury degree, the trap surroundings and the physique of the cornered, a function SFC (State-Function of Casualties) can be naturally constructed. Through parameter analysis from eight pieces of figures, it can be found that the trapped with weaker physique and worse initial injury degree and in more adverse trap surroundings deserves sooner rescue.

Stiffness Degradation Characteristics Destructive Testing and Finite-Element Analysis of Prestressed Concrete T-Beam

The failure behavior of the precast prestressed concrete T girder was investigated by destructive test and finite-element analysis,and the mid-span deflection,girder stiffness and the variation of the cross section strain in the loading process were obtained,and the mechanical properties,mechanical behavior,elastic and plastic behavior and ultimate bearing capacity of T girder with large span were revealed.Furthermore,the relationship between the beam stiffness degradation,the neutral axis in cross-section,steel yielding and concrete cracking are investigated and analyzed.A method was proposed to predict the residual bearing capacity of a bridge based on the variation of the position of the cross section strain distribution and the section neutral axis,which provided a theoretical basis for predicting the stiffness detection and carrying capacity assessment of prestressed concrete beam.

Non-destructive Evaluation of Absolute Stress in Steel Members Using Shear-Wave Spectroscopy

Non-destructive measurement of absolute stress in steel members can provide useful information to optimize the design of steel structures and allow the safety of existing structures to be evaluated.This paper investigates the non-destructive capability of ultrasonic shear-wave spectroscopy in absolute stress evaluation of steel members.The effect of steel-member stress on the shear-wave amplitude spectrum is investigated,and a method of absolute stress measurement is proposed.Specifically,the process for evaluating absolute stress using shear-wave spectroscopy is summarized.Two steel members are employed to investigate the relationship between the stress and the frequency in shear-wave echo amplitude spectrum.The H-beam loaded by the universal testing machine is evaluated by the proposed method and the traditional strain gauge method for verification.The results show that the proposed method is effective and accurate for determining absolute stress in steel members.

Multiple Objective Test Design for Accelerated Destructive Degradation Tests

Accelerated destructive degradation tests(ADDTs)are powerful to provide reliability information in the degradation processes with destructive measurements.In order to carry out an ADDT efficiently,both the estimation precision of parameters and the test cost should be considered.On the basis of the given degradation model and failure criterion,a multiple-objective optimization model for the design of ADDTs is proposed.Under constrains of the maximum measurement time,the total sample size and the number of stress levels,a comprehensive target function is suggested to reflect both the precision of lifetime estimation and total cost,and the optimal test plan is obtained,which is composed by optimal choices for samples size,measurement frequency,and the number of measurements at each stress level.A real example is illustrated to demonstrate the implementation of the proposed approach.

Destructive granuloma derived from a liver cyst: A case report

We herein report the case of an idiopathic liver cystic mass which aggressively infiltrated the thoracoabdominal wall. A 74-year-old woman who had a huge cystic lesion in her right hepatic lobe was transferred to our hospital for further examinations. Imaging studies revealed a simple liver cyst, and the cytological findings of intracystic fluid were negative. She was followed up periodically by computed tomography （CT） scans. Seven years later, she complained of a prominence and dull pain in her right thoraco-abdominal region. CT revealed an enlargement of the cystic lesion and infiltration into the intercostal subcutaneous tissue. We suspected the development of a malignancy inside the liver cyst such as cystadenocarcinoma, and she therefore underwent surgery. A tumor extirpation was performed, including the chest wall, from the 7th to the 10th rib, as well as a right hepatic Iobectomy. Pathologically, the lesion consisted of severe inflammatory change with epithelioid cell granuloma and bone destruction without any malignant neoplasm. No specific pathogens were evident based on further histological and molecular examinations. Therefore the lesion was diagnosed to be a destructive granuloma associated with a long-standing hepatic cyst. Since undergoing surgery, the patient has been doing well without any signs of recurrence.

The Destructive Cult, the Cause of Formation,Nature and Countermeasures

The destructive cult is an underworld gang organization with the witchcraft and anti-social characteristics, in ＂Theliving god＂, namely the gang master, as the faith. The cause of formation bases on mankind cognitive level andsocial environment except for artificial factors. So in any time, the destructive cult has the possibility and necessityof its existence. In paper, it emphasizes that we should strengthen scientific education, open mind and sublimationof self at the same time of improving society. In this way, can only we eliminate the influence of the cult, breakdown the foundations of the cult.

Ways of Destructive Cults to Steal Religious Affections

Religious affection is a kind of emotional experience that religious believers have to the gods after they have participated in religious activities and experienced religious rituals. Religious experience is what connects individuals and the gods. It can lead people to believe in religion and strengthen people＇s religious beliefs and is the basis of the establishment, dissemination and consolidation of religions. This article reveals that extreme cults create illusions for believers by conducting information and time control, making them exhausted physically and mentally and using ＂social hypnosis＂ and that they have stolen traditional religious affection and religious experience for their own usage by inducing believers religious affection through self-praise, intimidation and deception and wide insinuation.

Downward Trend in the Frequency of Destructive Hailstorms and Maximum Hailstone Size in England and Wales

By their definition, destructive hailstorms cause a great deal of damage to property and have been known to be fatal to humans. At present the long term changes in the frequency of these storms are unknown. Records of destructive hailstorms from many different sources in England and Wales go back for several centuries. Recently discovered records of over 30 destructive hailstorms have allowed a better description of hailstorm history since 1780. The data were grouped into 30, 40, and 50 year non-overlapping time periods in relation to time. Increases in their frequency in the 17th and 18th centuries were probably due to an increase in population and better recording. Since 1900 the frequency has significantly declined so that in the present 50 year time period only 22 have been recorded as compared with an average of 49 in both halves of the 19th century. The decline in frequency may be partly due to the big increase in particulate matter from aviation, which leads to a much higher concentration of ice and cloud condensation nuclei, resulting in fewer destructive hailstorms.

The Psychological Causes and Identification of the Destructive Cult Belief

It is a worldwide problem to let the destructive cult believers detached from the destructive cult. The most difficult point is that it is difficult to change the destructive cult belief. The reason why the destructive cult faith is difficult to change is because that the destructive cults embezzled the basic concepts and doctrines of many legitimate religions in the construction of the destructive cult faith, which make the destructive cults and religious beliefs have many similarities in psychology, including the tenacity and stability of faith. The believers tend to believe it as a orthodox legitimate religion. The article points out the similarity that makes destructive cult beliefs hard to change and lists the ways to identify heretical beliefs.

Paleo and New Earthquakes and Evaluation of North Tabriz Fault Displacement in Relation to Recurrence Interval of Destructive Earthquakes

Azerbaijan is one of the most active segments of the Alpine-Himalayan seismic belt and marks the junction between the African-Arabian and Indian plate to the south and Eurasian plate to the north. Several regional earthquakes have been strongly felt and caused damages in and around Tabriz during history. For example, the magnitude 7 to 7.7 Tabriz earthquake in 1780, which is the most strongest experienced one in Lesser Caucasus and east of Turkey and caused severe damage in Azerbaijan territory including Tabriz City. The urban area of Tabriz City lies on Miocene to Quaternary soft sediments （clays, sands, silts, and gravels.） resting on an old Tertiary basement. Previous studies have shown that the thickness of such soft sediments could largely influence the site response in case of an important regional earthquake. The accurate information about historical earthquakes and new faulting is an important tool for viewing the active tectonic and analyzing the earthquake risk and seismic migration. Historical records of earthquakes in Tabriz based on macro and micro seismic observations cover period of 1,000 to 1,400 years. Our study aims at mapping the seismic response of a pilot zone of Tabriz for different earthquake scenarios, a simple but robust.

Review on Possible Factors for Outbreak of Wood Boring Isopod, Sphaeroma spp. Which Causes Destructive Impact on Mangrove Forest in China

The tropical and subtropical mangrove biomes form the foundation of a highly productive and biologically rich ecosystem providing essential goods and services to human beings. Despite its values, the stability and survival of mangroves are consistently threatened by anthropogenic activities and their associated degradation, resulting in their disappearance. After realizing their ecological importance, in recent years, rehabilitation and restoration programs for mangrove forests have been launched globally. Unfortunately, most mangrove restoration efforts yielded negative results and failed to re-establish mangrove forests because of technical and social failures. Besides, the continued outbreak of wood borer, Sphaeroma spp., in mangrove forests has become one of the destructive causes of natural and restored mangrove forests in some nations including China. However, few studies on the biology of Sphaeroma spp. found in Chinese mangrove ecosystem have been done, and little is known concerning the factors affecting their outbreak in China. In this review, we discussed the possible factors that affect the rapid growth and recruitment of Sphaeroma spp. in the mangrove ecosystem by examining the information of the wood borer Sphaeroma spp. from the scattered pieces of literature with great regard. We discussed the relationship between the recruitment of Sphaeroma spp. and the tide and flow of water, food availability from the surrounding water and water quality including salinity, temperature, and the pollution of water. In addition to these factors, the reduced biodiversity of restored mangrove forest could be one of the main reasons for the outbreak of isopod. We also discussed the destructive impact of the isopod’s outbreak and the possible ways to control their outbreak in mangrove forest.

Destructive Method with High Quality and Speed to Counter Information Hiding

Hidden information behavior is becoming more difficult to be detected, causing illegal information spreading. To counter information hiding, more complex and high-dimensional steganalysis methods are applied, and have good detection for some specific information hiding algorithms. However, huge time consumption is needed and only suitable for offline usage with this method. In this paper, a destructive method with high quality and speed is proposed to counter information hiding. The experimental result presents that the extracting error rate of hiding information is around 50%, which means the method can destroy the possible covert communication completely. At the same time, the quality of covers after the destructive operation is good and the average time of operating an image is millisecond.

Tragic Women with Destructive Power——A Comparative Study of Miss Havisham and Fanyi Zhou

Miss Havisham and Fanyi Zhou both had tragic fates resulted from their marriages. Their tragic fates were in fact the reflection of the social problems in a patriarchal society. Then, their terrible experiences distorted their characteristics and transformed their passion into destructive power.

RECOVERY AND DESTRUCTIVE TREATMENTOF HARMFUL SUBSTANCE IN COKING PLANT WASTEWATER

This paper discussed the comprehensive treatment of coking plant effluent.Cyanide containing and phenol wastewater was first recovered and utilized respectively, and then, mixed it with other low harmful wastewater for destroying treatment.Treated water was reused in quenching coke.