深部强矿压工作面水力压裂裂纹扩展规律研究

目的为了研究深部强矿压工作面水力压裂裂纹扩展规律,方法以余吾煤矿的3号煤层S5207回风巷为工程背景,首先建立水力压裂力学模型,分析最大周向拉应变准则和裂纹扩展准则,其次通过三维数值模拟,分析水力压裂裂纹扩展影响因子D和地应力对水力压裂裂纹扩展规律的影响,并根据现场情况设计水力压裂试验方案,实施水力压裂增透技术,分析现场施工效果。结果结果表明:预制裂纹沿着与原裂纹呈一定角度开裂并向外延伸,其扩展方向最终与最小主应力方向垂直;随着D增大,裂纹与原裂纹的夹角越来越小,当D较大时,裂纹呈现自相似的扩展状态;不同应力场下,裂纹扩展轨迹主要取决于主应力方向,最终与最小主应力方向垂直,水力裂缝为垂直缝,且在裂纹尖端有应力集中现象;现场监测发现,裂纹扩展符合最大周向拉应变准则,裂纹尖端沿着环向拉应变最大的地方扩展,环向拉应变达到最大时裂纹开始扩展,压裂过程中出现了较大环向裂隙,裂纹沿垂直于最小主应力方向延伸,与S5207回风巷的最大水平主应力方向大致相同,与数值模拟结果接近。结论研究结果可为深部强矿压工作面水力压裂提供参考和依据。

北秦岭南召盆地太山庙组下部凝灰岩锆石U-Pb年龄及其地质意义

晚三叠世卡尼期全球古气候发生明显转变,全球降水量增加,海水温度上升了6~8℃,大量陆源碎屑物质输入海洋,导致海洋中出现碳酸盐生产危机。北秦岭南召盆地太山庙组可能记录了卡尼期洪水事件。目的为精确限定太山庙组沉积时代,凸显其地质意义,方法采用激光剥蚀电感耦合等离子体质谱法(LA-ICP-MS)对太山庙组下部凝灰岩进行锆石U-Pb同位素定年分析。结果结果表明:凝灰岩锆石颗粒呈粒状、短柱状,无磨圆;阴极发光图像显示振荡环带结构明显;根据阴极发光图像和Th/U,认为太山庙组下部凝灰岩中18颗锆石均为火山来源,剔除轻稀土富集的锆石后,选择其中15颗锆石进行计算,得到其加权平均年龄为(241.4±1.3)Ma(1σ;MSWD=0.27),代表凝灰岩中锆石的结晶年龄;结合前人研究成果,计算出太山庙组下部平均沉积速率为20.6 m/Ma,太山庙组底界年龄约246 Ma,因此,太山庙组至少自中三叠世安尼期就开始沉积,至晚三叠世卡尼期末结束;根据南召盆地遗迹化石组合演化规律和植物孢粉变化,认为太山庙组沉积时期古气候发生了明显转变,由干旱炎热气候转变为温暖、湿润气候。结论研究结果对北秦岭南召盆地三叠纪地层划分产生了新认识,有助于研究探讨南召盆地对卡尼期洪水事件的沉积响应。

Aerodynamic, Kinematic and Control Coupling Simulation of Aircraft Maneuvering Flight

Aiming at the high angle of attack pull-up and multi-channel roll pull-up coupling problems of high maneuvering aircraft, this paper establishes the flight attitude control rate by means of unsteady flow numerical solution, dynamic unstructured nested mesh assembly method and numerical solution method of flight mechanics equation. On this basis, a virtual flight simulation platform integrating pneumatics, motion and control is established. Based on this virtual flight simulation platform, F-16 aircraft is simulated by high angle of attack pull-up flight mode and multi-channel roll pull-up coupling flight mode. Finally, the influence of rudder on the yaw control channel is investigated. The results show that the numerical virtual flight simulation platform established in this paper has the ability to simulate maneuvering flight of aircraft.

Fixation and Creep of Compressed Wood of Chinese Fir Irradiated with Gamma Rays

In order to discuss the mechanisms of permanent fixation of wood compression set , compressed wood of Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata) was irradiated by gamma rays from 60 Co. The irradiation doses were 0 (for match specim ens), 10 3, 5×10 3, 10 4, 5×10 4, 10 5, 5×10 5, 10 6, 5×10 6 Gy, res pectively. Then the weight loss, the equilibrium moisture content (EMC), the rec overy of wood compression set after adsorption (RSA) and the recovery after imme rsion in water (RSW), as well as the creep behaviour under a dry specimen condit ion and under an adsorption and subsequent desorption condition were measured an d discussed. This research proves that the doses of gamma irradiation have great effect on weight loss, EMC, RSA, RSW of irradiated compressed wood of Chinese f ir. The weight loss and the EMC increase, the RSA and the RSW fall drastically w hen the irradiation doses exceed 10 6 Gy. Both the instantaneous compliance and the creep compliance of the irradiated specimens under the two measurement cond itions show the general trend of increase with the increase of gamma irradiation doses. It can be deduced that decomposition or decrystallization reactions happ en in the wood cell wall at high gamma irradiation doses, especially at doses of around 5×10 6 Gy. In addition, this research proves that decomposition of mai n components of cell wall of compressed wood will lead to fixation of compressio n set of wood to a certain degree.

基于论元结构和论元角色的英语-(a)tion型后缀动词名物词具体义研究

英语双音节和多音节及物动词大多可以通过添加-(a)tion或同类后缀的形式构成相应的动词名物词。宏观上讲,这类词有具体和抽象两种意义,抽象义往往和原动词的意义十分接近,表示动作或行为本身,而具体义则可从相应动词的论元结构和论元角色来找到语义依据。具体来说,具体义往往可以通过原动词论元结构中的某一论元或其上位词来表达。英语这类名物词的具体义与相应动词论元的这种内在关系的形成,与动词词义本身以及人类的认知规律均有重要联系。

Determination of Heavy Metals in Dendrobium candidium Wall.ex Lindl.by ICP-MS

[Objective] This research aimed to establish an inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry （ICP-MS） method for determination of five kinds of heavy metals （Pb, Cd, Cu, As and Hg） in Dendrobium candidium Wall. ex Lindl. [Method] The samples were digested in HNO3-H202 acids system by closed vessel microwave di- gestion. At the same time, internal standard was added to avoid the matrix effect. [Result] The five kinds of heavy meals all showed good linear relationships, and the correlation coefficients ranged from 0.998 2 to 0.999 9. The detection limits of the five kinds of heavy metals were in the range of 0.008-0.750 μg/L, while the stan- dard recovery rates were in the range of 90.4%-96.9%. The relative standard devi- ations ranged from 1.6% to 8.2%. The heavy metals in the Ginseng and Astragalus national standard samples were determined by the established ICP-MS method, and the results were in conformity with the standard values. [Conclusion] The established method has simple and convenient operation and accurate and reliable results, and it meets the requirements by determination of heavy metals in Dendrobium candididium Wall. ex Lindl.

Standard Operating Procedure of Houttuynia cordata Thunb.Plastic Greenhouse Cultivation

This standard operating procedure stipulated the natural condition of pro- ducing area, cultivation technique, disease and pest control, harvest, quality stan- dard, packaging, transportation and storage of H. cordata, in order to provide a ba- sis for the standard cultivation of H. cordata.

Identification and Cu Enrichment Capacity of TLSB_2-K, a Cu-tolerant Strain

[Objective] The Cu-tolerance and Cu enrichment capacity of TLSB2-K were investigated. [Method] The previously isolated TLSB2-K strain was identified though morphological observation, gram staining and 16S rDNA sequence alignment. In ad- dition, the effects of temperature, pH and osmotic pressure on the growth of strain were also investigated by using shaking culture. The Cu-tolerance and Cu enrich- ment capacity of TLSB2-K strain under Cu stress were also studied. [Result] The results showed TLSB2-K belongs to Bacillus spp., and its optimum growth conditions were as follows： temperature, 27 ~C; pH, 7.0; osmotic pressure, 1.1% NaCI. When the Cu concentration ranged from 100 mg/L to 500 mg/L, the strain grew well; when the Cu concentration ranged from 100 mg/L to 400 mg/L, the Cu content in bacteria was increased with the increase of Cu concentration; when the Cu con- centration was 400 mg/L and the incubation time was 30 h, the Cu content in bac- teria reached the peak （2 250 mg/kg）; the highest tolerant concentration was 700 mg/L. [Conclusion] TLSB2-K strain had relatively high Cu tolerance and Cu enrich- ment capacity. They had important theoretical research and engineering application values.

表面印迹微球在水相介质样品前处理中的应用研究进展

氢键通常是分子印迹聚合物识别模板分子的主要机制,由于水分子等诸多影响因素带来的干扰,有效识别水环境中的分析物一直是分子印迹技术面临的一大挑战。表面印迹微球具有比表面积大和易于修饰等特性,能够被灵活运用以满足各种水相样品前处理的需求,是克服水相识别困难的有效方法之一。该文综述了近年来水相识别表面印迹微球的各种制备策略及其代表性应用,包括不同基底、亲水性识别、非氢键的协同识别和基于特殊组件的表面印迹微球;从作用力和识别机制层面讨论了在水相介质中识别分子时的干扰因素及其调控策略,并进一步介绍了表面印迹微球在水相样品前处理中的应用;最后探讨了表面印迹微球在水相样品前处理领域面临的挑战及未来研究趋势。

Research Progress and Identification Method of Apple Stress Resistance

In the research, changes of apple chemistry, and molecule, under stresses, are n terms of morphology, physiology, bio- illustrated and research and identifica- tion methods of apple resistance are explored involving drought-resistance, flood-re- sistance, salt-stress resistance, cold-hardiness and heat-resistance. In addition prospects of apple resistance research are proposed, as well.

GeoStation地质外业系统研究与应用

针对目前地质勘察人员野外数据处理广泛采用的"铅笔+记录纸"的作业方式,开发了一种基于移动终端的地质外业系统,旨在帮助地质勘察人员实现地质外业数据采集的信息化。通过将已整理入库的数据离线存储至移动终端并携带到勘察现场,实现查阅和及时更新;并在数据采集完成后在线上传至服务器。该研究改变了传统野外数据记录中"铅笔+记录纸"的作业方式,对于实现地质勘察工作电子化,减少重复工作量,提高数据采集、整理效率具有重要的意义。工程应用结果表明,该系统大大提高了地质勘察工作效率,具有广阔的应用前景。

Study on Growth and Development and Dry Matter Production of Greenhouse Tomato in North China

[Objective] This study aimed to investigate the growth and development and dry matter production and allocation of greenhouse tomato in North China. [Method] With tomato cultivar ＇Jinguo No.l＇ as the experimental material, the ex- periments were conducted in a solar greenhouse located in Taigu, Shanxi （37o25＇ N, 112o25＇ E） from March to July, in 2014 and 2015. [Result] The plant height, leaf number, leaf area and dry matter production of greenhouse tomato increased lin- early with the increased days after transplantation, and their growth rates were 2.74 cm/d, 0.32 leaf/d, 70 cm2/d and 9.4 g/（m2.d）, respectively. The fruit dry weight also showed a linear relationship with the plant dry weight. After fruit setting, the fruit dry weight was increased by about 0.69 g when the plant dry weight was increased by 1 g. The allocation proportions of dry matter in tomato roots, stems and leaves de- clined significantly from plant flowering to fruiting, while the proportion of fruit dry weight in plant dry weight increased significantly, exceeding 60%. There was a strong linear relationship between dry matter production of tomato and effective cu- mulative temperature （sum of temperature higher than 10 ^（3） in the solar green- house, and the dry matter production was increased by about 0.73 g/m2 when the effective cumulative temperature was increased by one unit. The dry matter produc- tion of tomato plant also showed a strong linear relationship with photosynthetic ac- tive radiation （PAR） in the greenhouse, and about 3.4 g of dry matter was synthe- sized per unit （M J） of PAR. [Conclusion] Extending the growing period and improv- ing the temperature and light conditions could increase the dry matter production of tomato.

Comparions of Required Nitrogen Fertilizers by Hybrid Cultivar and Conventional Cultivar of Rapeseed(Brassica napus L.)

[Objective] The aim of this study was to understand the difference of N fertilizer requirement between hybrid rapeseed and conventional rapeseed. [Method] Two hybrid cultivars, ZY5628 and ZY7819, and the conventional cultivar ZS10, were compared through two field experiments. In Experiment 1, seed yield and optimum N application rate were assessed in the field with five N application treatments. In Expedment 2, N was applied uniformly at 180 kg/hm2, and plant biomass and N accumulation were measured at several developmental stages, while N use efficien- cy was calculated for rape at maturity. [Results] The experiment 1 results showed that seed yields of ZY5628 and ZY7819 were both significantly higher than that of ZS10, and compared to ZS10, optimum yield （plateau yield） was higher by 18.7% and 20.2%, while the recommended N application rate was lower by 9.5% and 9.6% for ZY5628 and ZY7819, respectively. The experiment 2 results showed that during vegetative development, all three cultivars exhibited similar accumulations of plant biomass and N, but through flowering and maturity ZY5628 and ZY7819 pro- duced more biomass, acquired more N, and utilized acquired N more efficiently to- wards seed production than ZS10. [Conclusion] With equivalent inputs, the hybrid rapeseed cultivars ZY5628 and ZY7819 tested herein yield more seed with higher N use efficiency than the conventional rapeseed ZS10. This information will be valu- able for growers seeking to improve efficiency while reducing costs of rape production in China.

Effect of Cultivation Conditionss on Quality Parameters of High Grade Hybrid Rape of Brassica napus L.

[Objective] This study aimed to investigate the combined effects of sowing date, plant density, nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphorus fertilizer and potassium fertilizer on quality parameters of high grade hybrid rapeseed. [Method] By using Youyan 599 and Sanbei 98 as experimental materials, quadratic orthogonal rotation combination with five factors was designed for this study. [Result] Erucic acid content was nega- tively correlated with sowing date and nitrogen fertilizer, positively correlated with plant density. Glucosinolate content was negatively correlated with sowing date, positively correlated with potash fertilizer amount. Oil content was negatively correlated with sowing date and nitrogen fertilizer amount, positively correlated with plant density and potash fertilizer amount. Protein content was positively correlated with sowing date and nitrogen fertilizer amount, negatively correlated with plant density and potash fer- tilizer amount. Oleic acid content was negatively correlated with phosphate fertilizer amount, positively correlated with nitrogen fertilizer amount. Palmitic acid was nega- tively correlated with potash fertilizer amount, positively correlated with sowing date, plant density, nitrogen fertilizer amount and phosphate fertilizer amount in Youyan 599, but negatively correlated with sowing date, plant density, nitrogen fertilizer amount and phosphate fertilizer amount in Sanbei 98. Stearic acid content was posi- tively correlated with sowing date, plant density, nitrogen fertilizer amount and phos- phate fertilizer amount. Linoleic acid was positively correlated with density and nitroge- nous fertilizer, but negatively correlated with potash fertilizer amount. Linolenic acid was positively correlated with nitrogen fertilizer amount and potash fertilizer amount. Eicosenoic acid was negatively correlated with sowing date. There were positive cor- relations and negative correlations among cultivation conditions and quality parame- ters, and the positive correlations and negative correlations could counteract each other. Expression of quality parameters for each treatment was the combined effect. Among the 50 pairs of simple correlations of five cultivation factors and ten quality parameters, 26 pairs were consistent between two varieties, 24 pairs of simple corre- lation were not. Sowing date, plant density, nitrogen fertilizer amount and phosphate fertilizer amount showed significant influence on erucic acid of two varieties, but small effect on palmitic acid. [Conclusion] The combined effect of the five cultivation factors could not fundamentally improve the quality traits of high grade hybrid rapeseed.

Research on the effect estimation of seismic safety evaluation

Seismic safety evaluation is a basic work for determining the seismic resistance requirements of major construc-tion projects. The effect, especially the economic effect of the seismic safety evaluation has been generally con-cerned. The paper gives a model for estimating the effect of seismic safety evaluation and calculates roughly the economic effect of seismic safety evaluation with some examples.

Modeling compatible single-tree aboveground biomass equations for masson pine(Pinus massoniana) in southern China

Because of global climate change, it is necessary to add forest biomass estimation to national forest resource monitoring. The biomass equations developed for forest biomass estimation should be compatible with volume equations. Based on the tree volume and aboveground biomass data of Masson pine （Pinus massoniana Lamb.） in southern China, we constructed one-, two- and three-variable aboveground biomass equations and biomass conversion functions compatible with tree volume equations by using error-in-variable simultaneous equations. The prediction precision of aboveground biomass estimates from one variable equa- tion exceeded 95%. The regressions of aboveground biomass equations were improved slightly when tree height and crown width were used together with diameter on breast height, although the contributions to regressions were statistically insignificant. For the biomass conversion function on one variable, the conversion factor decreased with increasing diameter, but for the conversion function on two variables, the conversion factor increased with increasing diameter but decreased with in- creasing tree height.

Composition and flux of nutrients transport to the Changjiang Estuary

Based on the results of water sample measurements of nutrient concentrations at th e Datong Station of the Changjiang River from 1998 to 1999, combined w ith historical data of water quality, seasonal variations of nutrient concentrations and nutrient transports are discussed.The following results have been obtained: (1) the fluxes of the nitrate nitrogen, ammonium nitrogen and nitrite nitrogen increased by time-series from 1962 to 1990 , even if runoff volume had a little variation; (2) the concentrations and fluxes of the dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) and dissolved in organic phosphorus (DIP) increased notably with time, but those of the dissolved silicon (DSI) decreased pronouncedly; and (3) the concentration s and fluxes changed synchronously with time between the Datong Station a nd the Changjiang Estuary.

Fuzzy c-means clustering based on spatial neighborhood information for image segmentation

Fuzzy c-means （FCM） algorithm is one of the most popular methods for image segmentation. However, the standard FCM algorithm is sensitive to noise because of not taking into account the spatial information in the image. An improved FCM algorithm is proposed to improve the antinoise performance of FCM algorithm. The new algorithm is formulated by incorporating the spatial neighborhood information into the membership function for clustering. The distribution statistics of the neighborhood pixels and the prior probability are used to form a new membership func- tion. It is not only effective to remove the noise spots but also can reduce the misclassified pixels. Experimental results indicate that the proposed algorithm is more accurate and robust to noise than the standard FCM algorithm.

CAVITATED BIFURCATION FOR COMPOSED COMPRESSIBLE HYPER-ELASTIC MATERIALS

The cavitated bifurcation problem in a solid sphere composed oftwo compressible hyper-elas- tic materials is examined. Thebifurcation solution for the composed sphere under a uniform radialtensile boundary dead-load is obtained. The bifurcation curves andthe stress contributions subsequent to the cavita- tion are given.The right and left bifurcation as well as the catastrophe andconcentration of stresses are ana- lyzed. The stability of solutionsis discussed through an energy comparison.

Popularization and Application of Haidaosu(5% Amino-oligosaccharin)as a Plant Immunity Inducer in Main Crops Cultured by Corps

The plant immunity inducer, amino-oligosaccharin, has remarkable effects in disease resistance, cold tolerance, growth promotion, yield increase and quality improvement. This paper introduced the action mechanism of amino-oligosaccharin, its main application effects on crops and application techniques. In 2013-2014, ex- periments were conducted on a variety of crops at multiple locations by Xinjiang Corps as well as popularization and application in 2013-2014, and it was shown by the popularization and application that the application of amino-oligosaccharin could promote plant growth, reduce the incidence of crop diseases and improve crop yield and product quality.