The Detection of Inter-Turn Short Circuits in the Stator Windings of Sensorless Operating Induction Motors

This work proposes an alternative strategy to the use of a speed sensor in the implementation of active and reactive power based model reference adaptive system (PQ-MRAS) estimator in order to calculate the rotor and stator resistances of an induction motor (IM) and the use of these parameters for the detection of inter-turn short circuits (ITSC) faults in the stator of this motor. The rotor and stator resistance estimation part of the IM is performed by the PQ-MRAS method in which the rotor angular velocity is reconstructed from the interconnected high gain observer (IHGO). The ITSC fault detection part is done by the derivation of stator resistance estimated by the PQ-MRAS estimator. In addition to the speed sensorless detection of ITSC faults of the IM, an approach to determine the number of shorted turns based on the difference between the phase current of the healthy and faulty machine is proposed. Simulation results obtained from the MATLAB/Simulink platform have shown that the PQ-MRAS estimator using an interconnected high-gain observer gives very similar results to those using the speed sensor. The estimation errors in the cases of speed variation and load torque are almost identical. Variations in stator and rotor resistances influence the performance of the observer and lead to poor estimation of the rotor resistance. The results of ITSC fault detection using IHGO are very similar to the results in the literature using the same diagnostic approach with a speed sensor.

A New Method of Early Short Circuit Detection

To reduce the pressure on contacts and circuit breaker and realize the zone selective interlocking (ZSI) function above the instantaneous protection threshold (e.g., >10In), the short circuit current needs to be early detected. The state-of–art of early short circuit detection (ESCD) method is reviewed. Based on the equivalent model of the short circuit, a new method based on the current and its integration is proposed. The prospective current value can be detected in the early stage of the short circuit. According to the evaluation result, the short circuit current can be early forecasted with the proposed method.

Wavelet threshold method of resolving noise interference in periodic short-impulse signals chaotic detection

The chaotic oscillator has already been considered as a powerful method to detect weak signals, even weak signals accompanied with noises. However, many examples, analyses and simulations indicate that chaotic oscillator detection system cannot guarantee the immunity to noises （even white noise）. In fact the randomness of noises has a serious or even a destructive effect on the detection results in many cases. To solve this problem, we present a new detecting method based on wavelet threshold processing that can detect the chaotic weak signal accompanied with noise. All theoretical analyses and simulation experiments indicate that the new method reduces the noise interferences to detection significantly, thereby making the corresponding chaotic oscillator that detects the weak signals accompanied with noises more stable and reliable.

A Fault Feature Extraction Model in Synchronous Generator under Stator Inter-Turn Short Circuit Based on ACMD and DEO3S

This paper proposed a new diagnosis model for the stator inter-turn short circuit fault in synchronous generators.Different from the past methods focused on the current or voltage signals to diagnose the electrical fault,the sta-tor vibration signal analysis based on ACMD(adaptive chirp mode decomposition)and DEO3S(demodulation energy operator of symmetrical differencing)was adopted to extract the fault feature.Firstly,FT(Fourier trans-form)is applied to the vibration signal to obtain the instantaneous frequency,and PE(permutation entropy)is calculated to select the proper weighting coefficients.Then,the signal is decomposed by ACMD,with the instan-taneous frequency and weighting coefficient acquired in the former step to obtain the optimal mode.Finally,DEO3S is operated to get the envelope spectrum which is able to strengthen the characteristic frequencies of the stator inter-turn short circuit fault.The study on the simulating signal and the real experiment data indicates the effectiveness of the proposed method for the stator inter-turn short circuit fault in synchronous generators.In addition,the comparison with other methods shows the superiority of the proposed model.

基于Ansoft软件的电抗器匝间短路在线监测研究

针对目前电抗器匝间短路不能被及时发现的问题,建立了干式空心电抗器匝间短路故障电路模型,从磁场的角度对干式空心电抗器匝间短路故障进行了在线监测和保护研究。采用Ansoft软件与硬件相结合的方法,将磁场信号转换为电信号,研究了探测线圈安装位置的不同对发现电抗器匝间短路故障的影响。通过对探测线圈电压的计算值和阀值的比较,能够判断电抗器内部绝缘结构是否完好,并能准确判断是否发生故障,避免了保护装置的误动。实验数据表明,利用探测线圈产生的电压差来监测匝间短路情况精确可行,能及时发现故障,并有效地避免故障范围的扩大。

Threshold Determination and Analysis of Laser Pulse Range Finder

Under different conditions, the highest detection probability should be acquired while receiving laser echo during laser pulse range finding. The threshold voltage of the signal detection can be set corresponding to different conditions by using resistor network. As a feedback loop, automatic noise threshold circuit could change the threshold voltage following the noise level. The threshold can track the noise closely, rapidly and accurately by adopting this combination. Therefore, the receiving capability of laser echo receiving system will be maximized, and it can detect weaker laser pulse from noise.

Realization of Rapid Debugging for Detection Circuit of Optical Fiber Gas Sensor： Using an Analog Signal Source

An optical fiber gas sensor mainly consists of two parts： optical part and detection circuit. In the debugging for the detection circuit, the optical part usually serves as a signal source. However, in the debugging condition, the optical part can be easily influenced by many factors, such as the fluctuation of ambient temperature or driving current resulting in instability of the wavelength and intensity for the laser; for dual-beam sensor, the different bends and stresses of^the optical fiber will lead to the fluctuation of the intensity and phase; the intensity noise from the collimator, coupler, and other optical devices in the system will also result in the impurity of the optical part based signal source. In order to dramatically improve the debugging efficiency of the detection circuit and shorten the period of research and development, this paper describes an analog signal source, consisting of a single chip microcomputer （SCM）, an amplifier circuit, and a voltage-to-current conversion circuit. It can be used to realize the rapid debugging detection circuit of the optical fiber gas sensor instead of optical part based signal source. This analog signal source performs well with many other advantages, such as the simple operation, small size, and light weight.

基于累积和事件段识别与改进谱聚类的锂离子电池储能系统内短路故障检测方法

锂离子电池系统的内短路故障可能导致严重安全事故,其检测受到在线检测实时性以及故障特征获得性制约,是当下锂离子电池储能系统安全运行亟待解决的问题。该文提出一种基于累积和(cumulative sum,CUSUM)事件段检测与改进谱聚类的锂离子电池储能系统内短路故障检测方法。首先,考虑内短路故障时的电压/温度变化特性,基于累积和事件突变点识别方法,识别疑似内短路故障事件段。其次,构建三维故障特征,刻画检测对象内短路故障特征属性。然后,构建基于Wasserstein测度的内短路故障特征距离矩阵,检测三维空间各点稀疏特性,客观划定故障聚类,实现内短路故障检测。搭建锂离子电池内短路实验平台、建立锂离子电池电–热耦合仿真模型,算例结果表明该文方法能够准确识别疑似内短路故障事件段,在不同串并联形式及故障类型下实现故障检测,证明了该文方法的正确性与可行性。

不同容量下并网模式交流微电网短路故障早期检测与区域定位

随着分布式电源(distributed generation,DG)的容量变化,微电网原有的供电结构发生改变,使得潮流大小、方向和功率结构发生变化,对快速检测和定位微电网中的短路故障区域提出了挑战。在MATLAB/Simulink中搭建低压交流微电网模型;通过高尺度小波能量谱算法对微电网与大电网公共连接点(point of common coupling,PCC)处检测到的电流进行分解,提取适应不同容量情况的短路故障特征值,实现了不同容量下微电网短路故障的早期检测;利用小波能量谱特征结合基于正交最小二乘法(orthogonal least square,OLS)的径向基函数(radial basis function,RBF)神经网络算法提出一种适用于不同容量微电网的短路故障区域定位方法,并进行仿真验证;在此基础上设计并网模式微电网短路故障保护硬件系统,并进行实验验证。结果表明,所设计的保护系统能够快速、准确地同时实现并网模式下交流微电网短路故障的早期检测与区域定位。

基于小波分析的空心电抗器匝间短路磁场探测方法研究

为了解决目前干式空心电抗器匝间短路检测方法灵敏度和准确度不足的问题,根据故障发展期探测线圈感应电压的异常变化,提出一种新的基于小波分析的空心电抗器匝间短路磁场探测方法。首先,对电抗器故障发展期探测线圈电压信号进行仿真分析,得到电抗器不同位置匝间短路时探测线圈信号变化特征。再基于信号分解小波系数中有用信号与噪声相对比值最大的原则,逐层自适应选取最优小波基函数,利用小波变换对信号进行阈值去噪,提取故障特征量从而实现对电抗器匝间短路发展期及时准确地判断,避免故障进一步发展。通过搭建电抗器匝间短路故障检测系统实验平台,验证了基于小波分析磁场探测法的灵敏度和可靠性,为电抗器的安全稳定运行提供有效保障。

定点形变数据中暂态短持时异常信号的检测方法研究

分别将线性叠加及零延迟相乘算法用于人工合成数据中的暂态信号检测实验,对比2种算法在暂态信号识别中的效果。结果表明,将同台多道、多台多道数据进行零延时相乘能够更有效地压制数据中的干扰和噪声,使准同步暂态信号得到放大凸显,实现暂态异常信号的初步检测与识别。在此基础上,利用零延时相乘算法处理2002~2022年云南定点形变观测数据,从中识别出11组暂态短持时信号,并进一步分析信号与云南境内M_(S)5.0以上地震的时空关联性。

基于主动方波激励检测锂离子电池早期内短路

锂离子电池内部短路(ISC)的早期检测对于避免潜在安全风险至关重要。现有的故障检测方法在检测早期短路时准确性较差,且需要大量的数据。以18650型锂离子电池为研究对象,通过在电池充电过程中施加微小的电流激励信号,借助极化压升与激励压升,发现锂离子电池在短路时压升异常规律。该方法在荷电状态(SOC)较低时效果更明显,对120Ω以内的短路检测有效,且适用范围可根据采样精度调配,可用于锂离子电池的常规短路检测。

基于柔性压电薄膜的可穿戴脉搏传感器设计

针对传统脉搏传感器存在的穿戴不适、携带不便以及精度不高等问题,本文设计一种基于P(VDF-TrFE)柔性压电薄膜的可穿戴脉搏传感器,旨在实现人体脉搏信号的连续检测,为心血管疾病的预防和治疗提供有力支持。首先,采用溶液流延法制备P(VDF-TrFE)柔性压电薄膜作为传感器基底,并利用丝网印刷技术在制备好的压电薄膜表面印刷导电电极,结合网状屏蔽层的设计制备方形传感器和圆形阵列传感器,用于脉搏信号采集性能的实验对比。其次,为了解决脉搏信号低频微弱且容易受到各种噪声干扰的问题,设计包含信号放大和信号滤波功能的精密信号调理电路,用于获取高保真和高清晰度的低噪声脉搏波信号。实验结果表明,所制备的P(VDF-TrFE)薄膜具有良好的介电、压电和铁电性能,其中d_(33)值达到-25 pC·N^(-1),能够提升传感器快速准确捕捉低频脉搏信号的能力,设计的柔性脉搏传感器相较于传统刚性传感器能够较好地贴合人体皮肤,提升无感佩戴体验,符合可穿戴性以及舒适性的要求。其中,圆形阵列式传感器能够检测到包含大部分生理特征点的连续脉搏波信号,相比于方形传感器具备更高的灵敏度和清晰度,检测性能更好。除此之外,设计的信号调理电路能够缓解50 Hz工频干扰和高频噪声干扰,成功将平均峰值电压从0.069 V放大至5.467 V,显示出清晰稳定的脉搏波形并保留脉搏信号的主要特征,抑制噪声干扰的同时实现了对人体脉搏信号的高灵敏度、高稳定性和高准确性的采集。因此,本文设计的基于柔性压电薄膜的可穿戴脉搏传感器能够有效检测和采集人体脉搏波信号,可用于医疗健康监测和可穿戴设备研究领域,具有广阔的应用前景。

一种窄脉冲信号峰值电压检测电路设计

SiCMOSFET器件栅极峰值电流可以表征器件结温,但是栅极峰值电流信号上升下降速度快、维持时间短,给峰值电压信号检测电路设计带来了挑战。此处提出了一种基于两级峰值采样保持电路的窄脉冲峰值电压检测电路,其具有采集精度高、保持时间长等优点。首先介绍了峰值检测原理以及两级峰值检测原理,然后给出了详细的电路参数选型,最后,利用仿真和实验对此处所提峰值电流检测电路进行了验证。结果表明,所提峰值检测电路检测误差小于1.1%,电压下垂速率为0.55μV/μs。

基于LabVIEW-VISA的传感器检测虚拟实验平台设计

为提升应用本科机电专业学生智能传感应用能力,设计传感器检测虚拟实验平台。提出基于LabVIEWVISA的传感器检测虚拟实验平台及实验方法,在LabVIEW-VISA应用设计基础上搭建了传感器检测虚拟实验平台整体架构;设计了传感器实验箱、MyDAQ便携式测量、万用表、应变式传感器等主要硬件;进行了数据采集模块、数据处理、输出模块及信号处理电路等软件设计,利用信号处理电路实现数据在平台中的双通道传输,实现了预期目标。结果表明,设计的传感器检测虚拟实验平台实验验证灵敏度高、线性误差小,有利于提高人才实践动手能力培养。

变压器内部电弧故障快速检测方法研究与对比

变压器内部短路电弧故障是变压器最危险、最严重的故障,极有可能造成变压器油箱的形变和破裂,乃至变压器油的燃烧与爆炸,对人员生命安全、变电站财产安全、电网运行安全都造成了严重威胁。实现变压器内部短路电弧故障的快速检测有利于及时发出断路器分闸信号,从而缩短电弧燃弧时间,减小电弧能量,降低燃爆可能性。为寻找适用于电弧故障快速检测的信号及特征,首先搭建了基于电容电感串联谐振的油中工频大电流电弧实验平台,并实现了油中工频电弧的电压、电流、压力波、光、电磁脉冲、气泡形态等关键电弧特性的测量;发现压力波存在前期快速振荡-后期持续上升两阶段,光信号存在间隔约10 ms的脉冲,电弧电流过零点时必定会产生电磁脉冲,上述压力波、光和电磁脉冲3种信号及其特性有望应用于变压器内部短路电弧故障的快速检测;最后对比了这3种故障检测方法的优缺点,并指出这些方法在工程实际应用前急需进一步解决的问题。

短区间特殊信号显示关系及点灯电路设计方案优化研究

针对短区间列车反向追踪运行的特殊需求,深入研究信号显示关系及其配套点灯电路设计方案。首先,分析车站正线与到发线列车行车组织方式和允许速度的差异性,提出基于实际允许速度设计短区间信号显示关系,取消侧线红灯重复显示,以提升到发线的行车组织效率和车站的通过能力;其次,根据信号“故障-安全”原则及点灯电路技术条件,在兼容现有四显示出站信号机点灯电路的基础上,通过增加灯丝监督继电器,优化反向发车信号显示,以适应短区间反向按四显示追踪运行的需求。经仿真测试和实际应用验证,结果表明该方案能够保障行车安全,提高短区间列车运行效率,为铁路枢纽和繁忙干线短区间特殊信号显示关系优化及点灯电路设计提供参考和借鉴。

多通道钢丝绳的漏磁检测信号融合方法

分析了现有钢丝绳漏磁检测系统中存在的损伤信号幅值较小、前端多个磁敏元件处理方式较为简单等问题,提出了一种钢丝绳漏磁检测系统中的多通道信号融合方法。首先从磁敏元件阵列的角度出发,提出了多种磁敏元件阵列方式;其次从信号处理模拟电路的角度出发,设计了多通道信号融合硬件电路;最后,针对钢丝绳进行了实际测试,验证了此方法的可行性。

含分布式光伏低压交流系统短路快速保护方法

低压交流系统过电流原理短路保护方法受限于短路检测特征单一,已难以满足复杂工况下系统运行保护,分布式光伏、储能等柔性装置接入给低压保护技术带来新挑战。因此,提出节点自治的含分布式光伏低压交流系统短路快速保护方法。首先,以短路电流、电压瞬时幅值构建支路状态特征,研究短路状态早期辨识方法。其次,引入同节点各支路短路电流极性信息,设计基于短路电流方向相关性辨识的短路支路保护决策机制。最后,进行低压真型系统及其仿真模型的保护实验。实验结果表明,传统支路和光伏并网支路的短路均可在0.5 ms内检出;不同节点间的保护响应范围合理搭配,且对于同一节点的近端短路,各支路可在短路1 ms内独立决断是否触发保护,保障了保护方法的选择性;保护方法在各类源荷运行工况扰动下不误动,研究成果具有较高的理论和工程价值。

自适应声波测井换能器激励电路设计

随着对声波测井仪器探测距离和探测精度要求的不断提高,传统的脉冲方波激励方式已难以满足低频激励等现场需求。因此,设计了一种基于推挽功率放大技术的正弦波宽频激励电路,以实现对换能器激励频率的精确调节;设计了信号放大和整流电路,以优化正弦激励信号;并针对声波测井仪器在井下作业时受环境(温度和压力等)影响的问题,设计了基于PID控制的功率自适应调整电路,以保持激励能量的恒定。试验结果表明,所设计的激励电路能够实现宽频带、高功率和自适应的正弦波激励,将其应用于声波测井仪器可显著提高激励性能、增大声波远探测测井仪器的探测距离和分辨率,进而促进油气田的勘探与开发。