STUDY ON THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SPECIATION OF HEAVY METALS AND THEIR ECOTOXICITY——I. TOXICITY OF Cu, Cd , Pb AND Zn IN SEAWATER TO THREE MARINE ALGAE IN THE PRESENCE OF DIFFERENT COMPLEXATION AGENTS

Heavy metal is a main pollutant in the marine ecosystem . so study on the effect of heavy metal on phytoplankton is important . Algae (Chaetoceros sp . , Dunaliella sp . ., Dicrateria zhanjiangenis Hu . var . sp .) were laboratory cultured to observe the effect of heavy metals on their growth . The effect of different metal ion concentration , the detoxication effect of complexation agents and the growth of algae in different media and different nutrition levels were studied to evaluate the effect of metal speciation . It is proved that trace amount of heavy metals can stimulate the growth of algae cells but that high concentration is lethal . The sequence of toxicity is Cd2+】Zn2+】Pb2+ . In ordinary nutrition conditions , the detoxication sequence of complexation agents to Chaetoceros sp . is EDTA 】 sodium salicylate 】 sodium oxalate 】 sodium citrate 】 sulfanilic acid 】 O-phenanthroline . This is in good conformity with the stability constant sequence of these agents with copper and good evidence that

The Simultaneous Determination of Cu Ph Cd and Sb by Derivative Adsorption Chronopotentiometry

The behaviour of the complexes of copper,lead,cadmium and antimony with salicylfluorone (SAF) adsorbed on HMDE has been investigated by derivative chronopotentiometry in NH_3/NH_4C1. The dependence of the peak height on the dt/dE vs E curve on preconcentration time, the pH of solution and the constant reducing current are discussed. This method achieved the simultaneous determination of copper, lead, cadmium and antimony in human hair.

Compound pollution of Cd,Pb,Cu,Zn,and As on lowland rice

Cd,Pb,Cu,Zn,and As are typical pollutantsoriginated from Pb-Zn mine,smelting wastewater discharge/irrigation and gas emission,and they were distributed widely in China.Westudied the compound pollution of Cd,Pb,Cu,Zn,and As on rice. Pot culture and field plots test were bothused in the experiment.The treatments were:1)low dose:Cd 0.5,Pb 100,Cu 33,Zn 66,and As 10mg·kg;2)high dose:Cd 1.5,Pb 300,Cu 100,Zn 200,and As 30mg·kg,and 3)CK:no heavy metal was applied.Soil tested was meadow burozen(pH6.3-6.7)and the dosage of heavy metal added to the soilwas close to the soil environmental standard.Results were as follows:

6种固化剂对土壤Pb Cd Cu Zn的固化效果

通过在重金属污染土壤中分别施加沸石、石灰石、硅藻土、羟基磷灰石、膨润土和海泡石6种固化剂,研究了这6种固化剂对土壤中Pb、Cd、Cu、Zn的固化效果,筛选出几种效果较好的固化剂。实验结果表明:沸石、石灰石和羟基磷灰石均能够有效地降低土壤中交换态Pb、Cd的含量,并且明显减少了土壤中Pb、Cd的毒性浸出量,其中沸石最多降低土壤中交换态Pb、Cd含量分别达到48.7%和56.2%,减少土壤中Pb、Cd的毒性浸出量达到37.1%和30.1%;沸石、石灰石均能够有效降低土壤中交换态Cu的含量,降低量分别高达68.1%和85.2%,膨润土能有效减少土壤中Cu的毒性浸出量,减少量最高达到66.51%;石灰石对土壤中Zn有着良好的固化效果。

绿化植物废弃物对土壤中Cu Zn Pb和Cd形态的影响

利用自制的Cu、Zn、Pb和Cd污染的灰潮土和黄泥土,通过室内培养实验研究了不同绿化植物废弃物添加量和不同培养时间对这两种污染土壤中这4种重金属形态的影响。结果表明,绿化植物废弃物的加入抑制了Cu的活化,且添加60%绿化植物废弃物时有机结合态Cu的含量最高;绿化植物废弃物与污染土培养2～3个月时,残余态Zn的含量最高,对植物的毒害最小;绿化植物废弃物添加量为60%时灰潮土中有效态Pb含量较低,而添加量为30%时黄泥土中有效态Pb含量最低;绿化植物废弃物添加量的多少对灰潮土Cd形态的影响较小,但黄泥土中的Cd则随绿化植物废弃物量的增加活性逐渐减弱,且两种土壤均在培养2～3个月时可交换态Cd的含量最低。

STUDIES ON SOLUBILIZATION AND TRANSFORMATION OF SPECIES OF Cu，Pb．Zn AND Cr IN SIMULANT ACID RAIN

The effect of acid rain on spectes of Cu Pb. Zn and Cr has been studied by Tessler net method In simulart acld rain the content of Cu and Cr increased with decreasing pll. whereas solubiliztion content of Pb and Zn has a peak value at pll= 3.5.4.5respectively which come from the exchangeable and carbonate-bound fractions in the first place. In addition, the content of varions species of Cu. Pb. Zn and Cr change greal in simalant acid rain. Copper transforms from superior fform (bound to organic matter ) to exchangeable, bound to carbonates and bound to Fe-Mc orldes while fead zine and chromiam transform from bound to Fe-Mn oxides to exchangeable and bound to carbocatesWith the development of industry. more Sox and more SOx and NOx are discharged into the air and the rainfall becomes caid this makes particulate metals more active and toxic.

常压消化体系—原子吸收分光光度法测定海洋沉积物中Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd、Cr

根据《海洋监测规范第5部分:沉积物分析》(GB 17378．5-1998)的规范方法,比较近海海洋沉积物成份分析标准物质(GBW07314)在HNO3-HCl04-HF常压消化体系中,在不同温度下Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd、Cr的溶出情况。样品消化液经赶酸后,以HCl浸提、过滤、定容,最后直接用原子吸收分光光度计测定。

HNO_3-HClO_4-原子吸收分光光度法测定海洋生物体中Cu,Pb,Zn,Cd,Cr

参考《海洋监测规范第6部分:生物体分析》(GB17378.6-1998)的规范方法,采用单一HNO3-HClO4常压方法消化贻贝成分分析分析标准物质(GBW08571)。取样量为0.500g时,在加热温度为160℃～210℃,加入10mL HNO3、2mLHClO4,加盖加热7h左右,最后的样品消化液赶酸赶净的条件下,样品消化液直接以原子吸收分光光度计测定,其中Cu,Pb,Zn,Cd,Cr的测定值都在标准值范围之内。并着重对比温度对消化效果的影响以及Cu,Cd以火焰法与无火焰法测定的差别。

农产品中Zn、Cu、Fe、Pb、Cd、Cr、Hg、As的快速测定

建立了微波消解法一次前处理,电感耦合等离子体发射光谱(ICP-AES)法、石墨炉原子吸收光谱(GF-AAS)法和氢化物-原子荧光光谱(HG-AFS)法相结合联合快速测定农产品中Zn、Cu、Fe、Pb、Cd、Cr、As、Hg等重金属元素的方法。ICP-AES法采用基体匹配法消除对Zn、Cu、Fe的干扰,GF-AAS法采用氘等扣背景和加入机体改进剂消除测定Pb、Cd、Cr的干扰,HG-AFS法采用加入硫脲和抗坏血酸消除同时测定As和Hg的干扰。该方法对7种元素的检出限分别为0.009,0.00024,0.0016,0.001,0.0001,0.001,0.0005,0.00004mg/L,RSD为2.2%～4.9%,白菜样品的回收率为95%～112%。

用几种溶样方法对典型土样中Pb、Cr、Ni、Cd、Mn、Cu、Zn的溶出情况比较

本文采用HNO_3、HCl-HNO_3、HNO_3-H_2SO_4-HClO_4,溶洋方法消解土样,用原子吸收法测定题述中的元素,并与HCl-HNO_3-HF-HClO_4全消解方法进行了比较.发现除用HF以外的其它酸溶法Pb、Cr的溶出较少溶出比分别低于55％和67％,主要原因是Pb、Cr包藏在土壤的矿物晶格中。

SPECIATION OF Cu、Pb、Zn、Cr IN DUST OF DIFFERENT ORIGINS AND DIAMETERS

Various species of Cu.Pb,Zn and Cr in dust of different origins and diameters were studied using Tessler scheme,and the partition law was revealed, The results indicated that superior form of Cu、Pb、 Zn and Cr was bound to organic master,bound to Fe-Mn oxides,bound to Fe-Mn oxides and residual.So their activity order was Zn>Pb>Cu>Cr.The exchangeable metals bound to carbonates and Fe-Mn oxides of four heary metals in small particles were superior to those in large particles,which illustrated that heavy metals in small paticles were more active and harmful.

微波消解-原子吸收光谱法测定沉积物中Cu、Zn、Pb、Cd和Cr

比较近海海洋沉积物成分分析标准物质(GBW 07314)在HNO3-HCl-H2O2体系微波消解和HNO3-HCl-HF-HClO4体系电热板消解下,用原子吸收分光光度计来测定样品中Cu、Zn、Pb、Cd和Cr含量,分析结果与标准值的差异情况。结果显示,两种方法消解样品,检测值在标准值范围内,但由于电热板消解方法的繁琐性,我们选择微波消解方法来前处理样品。通过对GBW07314样品采用HNO3-HCl-H2O2体系微波消解,平行样测定(n=6),测定结果的相对标准偏差和回收率都得到满意的结果。

用IRIS/AP-ICP-AES法同时测定废水中的Cd、Cr、Cu、Ni、Pb和Zn

本文采用 IRIS/AP- ICP- AES法同时测定废水中的 Cd、Cr、Cu、Ni、Pb和 Zn。选择了最佳的仪器工作条件 ,并选取了被测元素的最佳谱线。样品中的干扰因子通过谱线的背景校正方法予以消除。本法操作简便 ,结果准确 ,其相对标准偏差均小于 2 % ,回收率在 98%— 1 0 4%之间。

用ICP—AES测定含铁尘泥中CU、Ni、Cr、Mn、Zn、Pb、Cd元素

在冶金企业中每年要产生大量的含铁尘泥。其中产要来自转炉尘泥、烧结灰、高炉瓦(?)、轧钢的氧化钢皮等等。

湖南省主要食品中Zn、Cu、Mn、Pb、Cr 和Cd含量水平及致居民摄入量

近几年的研究表明,许多微量元素与人体的健康、成长及寿命密切相关。食谱和人体中的微量元素与人体健康是当今国际学术界引人瞩目的新领域,近年来,有关锌、铜锰、铅、铬、镉等微量元素的研究报导不少,特别是它们在儿科中的地位倍受重视。

微波消解—原子吸收/原子荧光光度法测定活性污泥中的Cd、Pb、Ni、Cu、Zn、Cr、K、As、Hg

通过实验,建立了活性污泥中金属和重金属的测定方法。活性污泥样品经硝酸—氢氟酸或硝酸—高氯酸微波消解处理后,Pb、Ni、Cu、Zn、Cr、K选用火焰原子吸收分光光度法测定,Cd用石墨炉原子吸收分光光度法测定,As、Hg用原子荧光光度法测定。该方法操作简单,结果准确,重现性好。样品加标回收率为93%-108%,相对标准偏差〈5%。

上海市不同土地利用方式绿地土壤中Cu、Zn、Pb和Cr的污染评价

通过对上海市不同土地利用方式下绿地土壤中重金属Cu、Zn、Pb和Cr的调查研究,发现工业区和交通区绿地土壤中Cu、Zn、Pb、Cr的平均含量均显著高于大学、公园及居民区。与上海市土壤环境背景值相比,不同土地利用方式中4种重金属均存在一定富积。就单项污染指数而言,Cu、Pb和Cr的污染程度大小依次为工业区>交通区>大学≈公园≈居民区,而Zn为交通区>工业区>大学≈公园≈居民区;就内梅罗综合污染指数而言,工业区和交通区污染较严重,分别有54.17%和67.9%的土壤达重度污染;而公园、大学及居民区绝大部分土壤为轻度污染,分别为73.1%、100%和60%。

稀土矿山水系中Pb、Cd、Cu、Zn的化学形态及其迁移研究

对南方稀土矿山水系环境中Ｐｂ、Ｃｄ、Ｃｕ、Ｚｎ的化学形态进行研究，探讨４种重金属在此水系中的迁移转化规律。结果表明，ＮＨ＋４的存在容易引起ＣＵ、Ｚｎ、Ｃｄ再生污染，不利于Ｃｕ、Ｚｎ、Ｃｄ从水相向固相转化，而Ｐｂ受影响较小。

羊粪生物炭对Pb、Zn、Cd和Cu吸附特性及机制

制备并探讨了羊粪源生物炭在溶液中对Pb、Zn、Cd和Cu的吸附特性及机制。结果表明,羊粪生物炭对溶液中4种重金属均能进行有效吸附,在吸附过程发生了化学反应,存在离子交换现象。吸附数据能在Langmuir模型与准2级动力学模型中进行相对合适的拟合。在吸附过程中,各重金属离子之间存在竞争关系,当初始pH为1时,Zn在吸附竞争中具有相对优势;当初始pH为3时,Pb、Cd在吸附竞争中具有相对优势;当初始pH为5、7时,Pb、Cu在吸附竞争中占据优势。羊粪生物炭在适宜条件下对复合溶液中的4种重金属的吸附能力均处于较高水平,具备实际应用价值。