Incorporating the Reflective Approach into Teacher Professional Development

There exists an increasing tendency in the ELT field that the teaching is referred as a profession. In our context, being professional means being the effective teacher, which is required to develop continuously throughout the whole career. Teacher professional development, in this article, mainly the issue of teacher professional self-development is discussed. In order for that to be realized, the reflective approach is bring introduced. Here, the reflective approach is primarily based on doing Action Research that includes Rettospective technique, Observation technique, Questionnaires and Interviews and Case Study.

A stochastic approach for integrating market and technical uncertainties in economic evaluations of petroleum development

The paper presents a stochastic and economic analysis for petroleum development under uncertain market and technical environments. Mean-reversion with jumps for price forecasting is used to consider market uncertainty, while various scenarios for the reservoir properties and cost are employed to consider technical uncertainty. Monte Carlo simulation is carried out to obtain the feasible range of net present values and internal rates of return. The influence of stochastic parameters is examined through correlation coefficients. The stochastic approach yields more reliable evaluation and effectively investigates the characteristics of development. The integration of uncertainties and contractual terms results in an irregular tendency in the future cash flow and reveals that a larger reserve does not guarantee a greater profit. The reserve and the well rate affect the economic values whereas the parameters for price prediction don＇t. The research confirms the necessity of qualifying uncertainties for realistic decision-making at the initial stage of development.

An Integrative Socio-Technical Enterprise Approach to Urban Design/Planning for Sustainable Development

Human society locally and globally needs to better understand and respond to ever-more complex, interwoven problems: environmental degradation;climate instability;persistent poverty;disparities in human health;growing income/wealth inequality;economies and infrastructures vulnerable to climate shock;and mounting socio-political unrest. Cities are where most people live, urbanization is a strong upward global trend, and cities bring all these problems into sharp, compelling focus. Since outcomes stem from processes and systems, we argue transformative changes depend on re-imagining the Urban Design, Urban Planning and Urban Development Practice (UD/UP/UDP) process. While there has been insufficient attention to process innovation— with technological aspects tending to dominate UD/UP/UDP work—emerging systems views of cities, and disenchantment with existing modes are enabling. We propose an empirically based integrative frame to tackle recognized conundrums, and inform an adaptive UD/UP/UDP process—from concept through design, assessment, planning, implementation, project functioning and monitoring. The frame contemplates six domains (6-D): 1) Project ethos, concept, and framing;2) sectors, topics, and issues;3) Varying spatial and temporal scales;4) Stakeholder interests, relationships and capacities;5) Knowledge types, modes and methods;and 6) Socio-technical capacities and networks. The frame, process and outcomes constitute a socio-technical enterprise (STE) approach to UD/UP/UDP work, with implications for education, training, and professional practice. We highlight the pivotal role Integrators and Universities play, and the scalability of STE knowledge/capacity networks. The case of Greater Mexico City/Central Mexico Urban Region illustrates the utility of the approach in a hyper-complex, climate-change vulnerable regional context.

Scientific Approach to Development and Human Rights

The Third Plenary Session of the 16th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China （CPC） in October 2003 put forward a scientific approach of people-centered, all-round, coordinated and sustainable development and made it a strategy for governing the country, putting it in command of all economic and social development. Since reform and opening up in 1978, China has persisted in the central task of economic development and put development in the first place. The evolution of the concept ＂development is the hard truth＂ to ＂development is a task of first importance in governing the country and invigorating the Chinese nation＂ and to the establishment of the scientific development approach reflects the deepening and growing command of the laws governing China＇s economic and social development.

China's Development Approach Under Dual-gap Pressures

In the late 1970s,China firmly resolved upon a path of re- form and opening up to the outside world under a heightened sense of crisis stemming from the tremendous gap between China and developed countries in terms of economic development.China chose to accelerate industrialization in order to narrow this gap, but the cost of doing so is reflected primarily in the

A comparative assessment of alternative approaches to sustainabl edevelopment

Environmentalists'approach to sustainable development is essentially different fromeconomists'in that environmental sustainability is set as a condition in biophysical limits. Furthermorethere exist alternative strategies for achieving environmental sustainability. This paper intends to assessand compare these alternatives in the context of environmental resource stock and economic outcomes , sothat the circumstances in which a particular strategy is preferred.would be suggested.

Approaches to Promote China’s Low Carbon Agricultural Development

Low carbon agriculture is a new production mode of green agriculture development to face the challenge of the global climate change, and a kind of innovation on developing circular agriculture. Up to now, low carbon agricultural development approaches are lacking of deep and systematical researches. Therefore, the paper briefly analyzed the situation and the existing problems of China＇s low carbon agricultural development, and then put forward the approaches to promote the low carbon agricultural development.

Novel approaches for the development of peripheral nerve regenerative therapies

Schwann cells are the myelinating glial cells of the peripheral nervous system（PNS）.By establishing lipid-rich myelin sheaths around large-caliber axons,they ensure that electrical signal transmission is accelerated-a process referred to as saltatory signal propagation.Apart from this prominent physiological function,these cells also exert important pathophysiological roles in PNS injuries or dis- eases. In contrast to the central nervous system （CNS）, the adult PNS retains a remarkably high degree of intrinsic re- generation. As a consequence, transected axons and dam- aged myelin sheaths can be repaired and nerve functional- ity can be restored. This spontaneous regenerative capacity depends on （inter） actions of macrophages, neurons, and Schwann cells.

A New Approach to Software Development Fusion Process Model

There are several software process models that have been proposed and are based on task involved in developing and maintaining software product. The large number of software projects not meeting their expectation in terms of functionality, cost, delivery schedule and effective project management appears to be lacking. In this paper, we present a new software fusion process model, which depicts the essential phases of a software project from initiate stage until the product is retired. Fusion is component based software process model, where each component implements a problem solving model. This approach reduces the risk associated with cost and time, as these risks will be limited to a component only and ensure the overall quality of software system by considering the changing requirements of customer, risk assessment, identification, evaluation and composition of relative concerns at each phase of development process.

Applied Ethnobotany:Participatory Approach for Community Development and Conservation

Applied ethnobotany is a new subject in ethnobiological sciences referring to the transferring,reviving and cultivating ethnobotanical knowledge among different social groups within intra-and-inter-communities.Much research related to biodiversity in many countries is largely devoted to the gathering of more academic information,rather than to more incise studies focusing on finding answers to pressing challenges related to the use of plants by communities.China is a country possessing rich biodiversity and cultural diversity.The long history of Chinese traditional medicine,diversity of cultivated crops and utilization of wild plant species are great cultural traditions to the country.Today,many societies of the country are still intricately linked to the natural environment economically as well as societies and groups within China.However,China is facing major changes in modernization of the country’s economy,and globalization to form part of the world exchange system.Increasingly high levels of consumptions of natural plants,as well as national and international trades on plant products have resulted,space in over-harvesting of wild resources and accelerated environmental degradation.Local social structures and cultural traditions have also changed in order to cope with policy changes.In this background,over the last decade,applied ethnobotany for rural community development and conservation has been employed in different field projects and ethnic minority communities in Yunnan province of China.The applied ethnobotany has focused on work at community level to achieve sustainable use of natural resources and conservation.This presentation discusses findings and lessons learned from the projects on alternatives and innovations to shifting cultivation in Xishuangbanna,southwestern China.

For a Holistic View of Biotechnology in West and Central Africa: What Can Integrated Development Approaches Contribute?

Africa, ever on the lookout for development levers that will allow its economy to take off, is turning more and more towards technology. This is one of the possible modern avenues to success, especially the use of the biotechnologies that are so touted by Western countries. However, the hope placed in these new technologies must not hide the long-proven fact that technology alone is not enough to solve development problems. Biotechnologies do not escape this rule. Biotechnologies can be the best and the worst things for the people of Africa. Beyond their technical contributions, we must be wary of their boomerang effects and collateral damage. A country’s development is actually more complex than simply implementing technology, and in the current global environmental context a holistic vision is necessary to ensure sustainable development. In the area of water, this integrated vision emerged on the international scene during the Dublin Conference in 1992, which consecrated the principles of Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM). More recently, the Eco-Health concept strives to combine human health and ecosystem health while incorporating a socioeconomic dimension into the health and environmental spheres. The concern to mesh human activities better with environmental protection was materialized previously, in the 1970s already, through impact studies. After presenting this set of tools in the service of a holistic approach to the environment and development, we shall see that these approaches can inspire the players when it comes to the ways they implement biotechnologies. At the end of the day, a holistic approach to biotechnologies in Africa will be facilitated by enhanced information and communication and reliance on peasant farmers’ expertise. It will have to be rooted in broader participation of the players concerned. This integration will also concern environmental and land-owning aspects, without forgetting socio-cultural acceptance of the projects and the links with health. Ultimately, it will also mean putting the human at the heart of development by taking all the richness and particularities of African society into account.

Different Situations, Different Economic Institutions ---A Historical Perspective on China and India＇s Approaches to Development

Both being two developing countries with a vast territory, dense population, and centuries-old ancient civilization, China and India have many in common in natural resources, population size, historical condition, current economic issues, etc. except for regime. The competition between China and India is a typical one between economic institutions. This paper, by making a diachronic analysis on their courses of development, tries to justify the importance of adopting an economic institution suitable to the situation of a country.

China Must Follow a Wise Approach to the Development of Heavy Chemical Industry

At present,China is the world’s largest consumer of iron ore, nickel,copper,steel,coal and cement,and the world’s second largest consumer of oil,alumina,electricity and energy.Currently, China is creating 4～5% of the world’s GDP by consuming 8.92% of the world’s oil,32.1% of raw coal,30.7% of iron ore,28% of steel.20% of alumina and 50% of cement.

水土保持碳汇项目开发与交易的机制与途径构建

水土保持碳汇具备负碳技术的特性,受到政府和交易主体广泛关注和青睐,未来将在我国碳排放权交易市场中得到广泛应用。从建立碳汇项目开发团队、实施碳汇监测与核算、协调撮合交易和宣传示范等4个方面,总结全国首单水土保持碳汇项目开发与交易的实践探索,提出水土保持碳汇项目开发与交易的机制与途径,包括加强水土保持碳汇基础研究和技术攻关、完善水土保持碳汇监测和核算体系、开展碳汇项目开发和探索碳汇交易途径与机制、建立水土保持碳汇纳入温室气体自愿减排交易机制、建设碳汇项目开发队伍与机构、提升项目开发信息管理水平等6个方面。

以铸牢中华民族共同体意识涵化民族村寨旅游的发展机理与实践进路

中华民族共同体意识是民族团结之本。支持特色村寨的保护与发展是我国民族工作的重要组成部分。民族村寨在推进旅游发展过程中,要牢牢把握铸牢中华民族共同体意识这条主线,深入开展民族团结进步创建工作,实现以铸牢中华民族共同体意识为主线贯穿民族村寨旅游内涵式发展,以民族村寨旅游发展助力铸牢中华民族共同体意识良性互动的发展机理。同时,涵化民族村寨旅游发展必须以乡村文化展馆“塑形”,以智慧民族村寨“赋能”,以文旅融合发展“做实”,以民族村寨文化“铸魂”,以乡村三治融合“协治”,以文塑旅,以旅彰文,推动铸牢中华民族共同体意识在民族村寨旅游内涵式发展中实现“纲举目张”。

大运河国家文化公园安徽段文旅融合高质量发展进路研究——产品、服务与产业视角

随着相关规划的实施以及为落实党的二十大报告中提出的新理念新要求,大运河国家文化公园安徽段文旅融合高质量发展应有新的进路。在摸清现状的基础上,针对遗产文化旅游价值未充分开发利用、旅游服务配套设施建设需要加强、文化产业发展缺乏专项规划等问题,从产品、服务与产业视角对其进路进行研究,提出应构建复合旅游体验廊道、推出一批独特体验产品,推进文化资源旅游化、塑造特色品牌体系,增强文旅服务功能、构建线上互联平台,活化利用工业遗产、创新红色旅游产品、发展体育休闲产业等,全面发力,共同推进安徽段文旅融合高质量发展。

中国式现代化“坚持走和平发展道路”的世界意义

中国作为负责任的大国,始终将自身发展与世界命运紧密联系起来,坚持同世界各国互利共赢,成为稳定世界和平发展大势的关键力量。中国式现代化成功走出的和平发展道路,超越了西方现代化暴力扩张、殖民掠夺的霸权路径,顺应世界持久和平与各国共同发展的历史潮流,彰显维护世界和平的中国担当;消解了西方现代化“自我优先”逻辑和“零和博弈”观念,致力于构建人类命运共同体,让中国的发展成为世界各国共同发展的机遇,提供促进共同发展的中国方案;打破了西方现代化“国强必霸”和“修昔底德陷阱”定式,积极推动构建国际新秩序,发挥参与全球治理的中国力量;颠覆了西方现代化“唯一路径”和“普世模式”神话,创造出具有鲜明本土特色的社会主义现代化,贡献创造人类文明新形态的中国智慧。

内生性发展理论视域下乡村产业发展的实践进路——基于两镇果苗产业发展的分析

十九大以来,尤其是2020年消除绝对贫困以来,党和国家对乡村振兴战略的重视程度日渐提升。产业振兴作为乡村振兴的重要基础和关键,在发展中面临内生动力不足、内生主体发展能力有限、农民组织化程度较低及可持续发展能力欠缺等现实挑战。因此,基于内生性发展的理论视角,以农村精英为动力中心点,辐射带动普通农民,并适当借助政府等外生力量,在数量上形成“乡村产业内生主体的水花效应”;在质量上,以乡村精英带动内生主体的参与能力;然后再凝聚农村共同体意识以形成产业发展的合力;最后,坚持以绿色发展为新发展理念促进产业可持续发展。由此,不断激发乡村产业发展的内生动力,助推乡村产业由“供血式”发展向“造血式”发展转变,以期实现乡村产业的可持续发展,以产业振兴助推乡村振兴。

数字化赋能区域教研的框架建构与实施进路

数字化赋能区域教研的本质是利用大数据和人工智能等技术全面提升教研工作的效率和质量,通过数字技术的集成应用,改革教研的目标、内容、方式和评价,以实现教育生态与技术生态的协同发展。该文在阐明数字化赋能区域教研内涵的基础上,认为数字化发展受到政策支持、技术与需求驱动而具备实施价值,同时探讨了数字化在区域教研中的应用价值,提出构建数字化赋能区域教研的应用框架。一是目标指向:从经验到循证的实证取向;二是内容体系:以育人为导向的知识构建;三是教研方法:数字技术的融合与创新;四是成效评估:精准测评的实施与应用。循此,进一步提出数字化赋能区域教研的实施进路:教研理念创新;教研队伍建设;教研路径优化;教研机制建设,为区域教研数字化发展提供一个可参考的发展通路。

Multi-scale Approaches toward Sustainable Development

Approaches toward the sustainable development need integrated considerations of technical, economical, environmental/ecological and social issues. Current approaches from different disciplines can be grouped into at least three levels: micro-scale, meso-scale and macro-scale. At the micro-scale, green chemistry carries out chemical activities such as chemical design and synthesis so that environmentally benign chemicals can be synthesized without using and generating hazardous substances. Green engineering, at the meso-scale, develops green industrial processes or clean technologies via pollution prevention and cleaner production, which will cause minimal damages or dangers to the environment and ecosystems when the product is manufactured and used. Industrial ecology at the industrial complex or community level seeks to optimize energy and materials use and minimize waste generation in industrial systems or communities by promoting planned materials and energy exchanges. Incorporation of ecological principles with the life cycle thinking in the chemical pathway synthesis, product design, process development, and industrial system and community planning appears to be the most promising engineering approach in achieving sustainable industrial development.