Establishment of human cerebral organoid systems to model early neural development and assess the central neurotoxicity of environmental toxins

Human brain development is a complex process,and animal models often have significant limitations.To address this,researchers have developed pluripotent stem cell-derived three-dimensional structures,known as brain-like organoids,to more accurately model early human brain development and disease.To enable more consistent and intuitive reproduction of early brain development,in this study,we incorporated forebrain organoid culture technology into the traditional unguided method of brain organoid culture.This involved embedding organoids in matrigel for only 7 days during the rapid expansion phase of the neural epithelium and then removing them from the matrigel for further cultivation,resulting in a new type of human brain organoid system.This cerebral organoid system replicated the temporospatial characteristics of early human brain development,including neuroepithelium derivation,neural progenitor cell production and maintenance,neuron differentiation and migration,and cortical layer patterning and formation,providing more consistent and reproducible organoids for developmental modeling and toxicology testing.As a proof of concept,we applied the heavy metal cadmium to this newly improved organoid system to test whether it could be used to evaluate the neurotoxicity of environmental toxins.Brain organoids exposed to cadmium for 7 or 14 days manifested severe damage and abnormalities in their neurodevelopmental patterns,including bursts of cortical cell death and premature differentiation.Cadmium exposure caused progressive depletion of neural progenitor cells and loss of organoid integrity,accompanied by compensatory cell proliferation at ectopic locations.The convenience,flexibility,and controllability of this newly developed organoid platform make it a powerful and affordable alternative to animal models for use in neurodevelopmental,neurological,and neurotoxicological studies.

Conventional Geothermal Systems and Unconventional Geothermal Developments: An Overview

This paper provides an overview of conventional geothermal systems and unconventional geothermal developments as a common reference is needed for discussions between energy professionals. Conventional geothermal systems have the heat, permeability and fluid, requiring only drilling down to °C, normal heat flow or decaying radiogenic granite as heat sources, and used in district heating. Medium-temperature (MT) 100°C - 190°C, and high-temperature (HT) 190°C - 374°C resources are mostly at plate boundaries, with volcanic intrusive heat source, used mostly for electricity generation. Single well capacities are °C - 500°C) and a range of depths (1 m to 20 Km), but lack permeability or fluid, thus requiring stimulations for heat extraction by conduction. HVAC is 1 - 2 m deep and shallow geothermal down to 500 m in wells, both capturing °C, with °C are either advanced by geothermal developers at <7 Km depth (Enhanced Geothermal Systems (EGS), drilling below brittle-ductile transition zones and under geothermal fields), or by the Oil & Gas industry (Advanced Geothermal Systems, heat recovery from hydrocarbon wells or reservoirs, Superhot Rock Geothermal, and millimeter-wave drilling down to 20 Km). Their primary aim is electricity generation, relying on closed-loops, but EGS uses fractures for heat exchange with earthquake risks during fracking. Unconventional approaches could be everywhere, with shallow geothermal already functional. The deeper and hotter unconventional alternatives are still experimental, overcoming costs and technological challenges to become fully commercial. Meanwhile, the conventional geothermal resources remain the most proven opportunities for investments and development.

Constructing a standard system of city sustainable development assessment technology based on the SDGs

Given the rapid development of China’s new urbanization,cities with different locations and varying functional positioning,resource endowments,and development stages have insufficient scientific and applicable technical tools for implementing the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs).City managers and policymakers must urgently establish SDG benchmarks to diagnose city development.Moreover,successful experiences from similar cities regarding sustainable development and self-improvement must be learned from to promote diversified,sustainable development across the country.Furthermore,emerging technologies such as artificial intelligence,the Internet of Things,big data and 5G are widely used in smart cities.Therefore,there is a growing need for“knowledge-based,personalized and intelligent”technologies to support monitoring,evaluation,and decision-making processes facilitating sustainable development in cities.This paper uses standardization as the theoretical support and technical basis.This approach can help clarify the sustainable development processes in China and clarify the evaluation results of and provide data on horizontal city comparisons,which can be used to develop evaluation technology for sustainable development in cities and construct a standardized system.The results provide a standard framework for intelligent assessment and decision-making regarding cities’sustainable development capabilities in China.Evaluating major international standardization institutions reveals that the practices of Chinese national standards should be fully absorbed and integrated to guide the evaluation of smart,resilient,and low-carbon cities.To this end,an indicator library of city sustainable development is proposed to provide standard evaluation technology methods.Finally,analyzing the response relationship of the indicator library to SDGs reveals the need for a standardized knowledge map of sustainable development assessment techniques and methods from the perspective of integrated management for sustainable development in cities.

Development of multi-functional anchorage support dynamic-static coupling performance test system and its application

In underground engineering with complex conditions,the bolt(cable)anchorage support system is in an environment where static and dynamic stresses coexist,under the action of geological conditions such as high stresses and strong disturbances and construction conditions such as the application of high prestress.It is essential to study the support components performance under dynamic-static coupling conditions.Based on this,a multi-functional anchorage support dynamic-static coupling performance test system(MAC system)is developed,which can achieve 7 types of testing functions,including single component performance,anchored net performance,anchored rock performance and so on.The bolt and cable mechanical tests are conducted by MAC system under different prestress levels.The results showed that compared to the non-prestress condition,the impact resistance performance of prestressed bolts(cables)is significantly reduced.In the prestress range of 50–160 k N,the maximum reduction rate of impact energy resisted by different types of bolts is 53.9%–61.5%compared to non-prestress condition.In the prestress range of 150–300 k N,the impact energy resisted by high-strength cable is reduced by76.8%–84.6%compared to non-prestress condition.The MAC system achieves dynamic-static coupling performance test,which provide an effective means for the design of anchorage support system.

Systematizing Teacher Development:A Review of Foreign Language Teacher Learning

Foreign language teaching practice is developing rapidly,but research on foreign language teacher learning is currently relatively fragmented and unstructured.The book Foreign Language Teacher Learning,written by Professor Kang Yan from Capital Normal University,published in September 2022,makes a systematic introduction to foreign language teacher learning,which to some extent makes up for this shortcoming.Her book presents the lineage of foreign language teacher learning research at home and abroad,analyzes both theoretical and practical aspects,reviews the cuttingedge research results,and foresees the future development trend,painting a complete research picture for researchers in the field of foreign language teaching and teacher education as well as front-line teachers interested in foreign language teacher learning.This is an important inspiration for conducting foreign language teacher learning research in the future.And this paper makes a review of the book from aspects such as its content,major characteristics,contributions and limitations.

World Industrial Revolutions and the Development of Artificial Intelligence System

The objective-scientific conclusions obtained from the researches conducted in various fields of science prove that era and worldview are in unity and are phenomena that determine one another,and era and worldview are the most important phenomena in the understanding of geniuses,historical events,including personalities who have left a mark on the history of politics,and every individual as a whole.And it is appropriate to briefly consider the problem in the context of human and personality factors.It is known that man has tried to understand natural phenomena since the beginning of time.Contact with the material world naturally affects his consciousness and even his subconscious as he solves problems that are important or useful for human life.During this understanding,the worldview changes and is formed.Thus,depending on the material and moral development of all spheres of life,the content and essence of the progress events,as the civilizations replaced each other in different periods,the event of periodization took place and became a system.If we take Europe,the people of the Ice Age of 300,000 years ago,who engaged in hunting to solve their hunger needs,in other words,the age of dinosaurs,have spread to many parts of the world from Africa,where they lived in order to survive and meet more of their daily needs.The extensive integration of agricultural Ice Age People into the Earth included farming,fishing,animal husbandry,hunting,as well as handicrafts,etc.,and has led to the revolutionary development of the fields.As economic activities led these first inhabitants of the planet from caves to less comfortable shelters,then to good houses,then to palaces,labor activities in various occupations,including crafts,developed rapidly.Thus,the fads of the era who differed from the crowd(later this class will be called personalities,geniuses...-Kh.G.)began to appear.If we approach the issue from the point of view of history,we witness that the world view determines the development in different periods.This idea can be expressed in such a way that each period can be considered to have developed or experienced a crisis according to the level of worldview.In this direction of our thoughts,the question arises:So,what is the phenomenon of worldview of this era-XXI century?Based on the general content of the current events,characterized as the globalization stage of the modern world,we can say that the outlook of the historical stage we live in is based on the achievements of the last stage of the industrial revolution.In this article,by analyzing the history of the artificial intelligence system during the world industrial revolutions,we will study both the concept of progress of the industrial revolutions and the progressive and at the same time regressive development of the artificial intelligence system.

Curriculum Development and Teachers for Cultivating OECD Student Agency in Japan:From an Examination of Educational Thought,Educational System,History,and Contemporary Science and Mathematics Education Practices

The purpose of this paper is to examine the development of a curriculum in Japan to foster the agency(OECD Student Agency)necessary for children living in the future,as outlined in the OECD Education2030 Project,and the role of teachers who implement this curriculum.Therefore,I aim to achieve this goal by taking an overview of educational thought,educational systems and history,and examining several initiatives in the OECD Project and the situation of a Japanese high school that practices science and mathematics education.As a result of analyzing previous research and the narratives obtained from interviews with Teacher A(pseudonym)of a certain F High School(pseudonym),it was found that school education should not simply teach subjects,but should aim to enable student to help student exercise agency in the future.It was suggested that it is not necessary to add content to the curriculum,but rather to prepare to provide students with competencies that will enable them to use the content in various contexts,situations,and circumstances,suggesting that in order to discover such important competencies,teachers and other related parties are required to implement curricula that allow students to slowly and carefully explore the competencies surrounding the content,and to conceive and build curricula that include both hidden and intended curriculum that allows student to reflect on the curriculum they have achieved.

Sustainability Assessment of Banana (Musa spp.) Yield Gap Reduction through Value Chain Development Interventions in Smallholder Farming Systems in Manicaland, Zimbabwe

This study evaluated the effectiveness of donor supported agricultural value chain development projects in sustainably narrowing yield gaps for banana smallholder farmer producers in Manicaland, Zimbabwe. The study used a mixed methods research design that relied on farmers records for the quantitative analysis and focus group discussion and in-depth interviews for key experts for the qualitative aspects. A mix of regression analysis, t-tests, Pearsons’s correlation and analysis of variance statistical methods were used for the quantitative analysis while thematic response analysis was used for the qualitative engagements. The findings showed that by the end of the activity, the project had successfully narrowed the banana yield gaps to 18.66 tons per hectare working with a potential yield base of 40 tons. However, 5 years after the project closure the yield gap had fallen to 24.7 tons indicating a lack of sustainability of yield gap reduction. However, the yield gap slump does not override the fact that farmers on average were still able to sell approximately 5 tons per every 6 months after 5 years from the project closure which is beyond any poverty threshold. This suggests genuine upward economic mobility. Additionally, in analyzing what factors had the greatest influence on yield gap reduction, the access to fertilizer ranked highest where genetics, irrigation and improved agronomy followed in that respective order. The study further showed that farmers who receive value chain development support whilst at an already commercialized state tend to maintain productivity thresholds higher in comparison to those who are at a pre commercial state. This is evidenced by the fact that the pre commercial farmers had a yield reduction of 30.83 percent after 5 years of the project closure whereas the former realized a productivity growth of 7.84%. In conclusion, whilst the intervention was successful in transitioning farmers out of poverty, more investment should be made towards transitioning smallholder farmers to integrated soil fertility management practices and improvement of agronomic efficiency through stronger on field collaboration between research institutions, the government and development institutions.

Construction Method of Civil Aircraft Airborne⁃system Supplier Development Process System

Based on the analysis of the development process system status of domestic and foreign civil aircraft airborne system suppliers,this paper proposes the overall construction idea of"a set of civil aircraft process system"based on IPD(Integrated product development)in the organization.The development stage,process,activity and task are the logical framework elements of the system construction."Based on process decomposition,vertical stratification,horizontal segmentation,combination of special and common,process customized to tools,role and process integration,giving full consideration to the interface between supplier management and process modules"etc.are the concrete ideas.Moreover,formulate top⁃level system construction standards,implemented by process system management tool platform,so that the process system and development work can be effectively integrated to effectively guide the development work of airborne system suppliers,and meet the quality and airworthiness requirements of civil aircraft development.Through the development application of a certain type of flight control system,the process system and tool platform were verified and optimized in practice.

New aspects of a small GTPase RAB35 in brain development and function

In eukaryotic cells,organelles in the secretory,lysosomal,and endocytic pathways actively exchange biological materials with each other through intracellular membrane trafficking,which is the process of transporting the cargo of proteins,lipids,and other molecules to appropriate compartments via transport vesicles or intermediates.These processes are strictly regulated by various small GTPases such as the RAS-like in rat brain(RAB)protein family,which is the largest subfamily of the RAS superfamily.Dysfunction of membrane trafficking affects tissue homeostasis and leads to a wide range of diseases,including neurological disorders and neurodegenerative diseases.Therefore,it is important to understand the physiological and pathological roles of RAB proteins in brain function.RAB35,a member of the RAB family,is an evolutionarily conserved protein in metazoans.A wide range of studies using cultured mammalian cells and model organisms have revealed that RAB35 mediates various processes such as cytokinesis,endocytic recycling,actin bundling,and cell migration.RAB35 is also involved in neurite outgrowth and turnover of synaptic vesicles.We generated brain-specific Rab35 knockout mice to study the physiological roles of RAB35 in brain development and function.These mice exhibited defects in anxiety-related behaviors and spatial memory.Strikingly,RAB35 is required for the precise positioning of pyramidal neurons during hippocampal development,and thereby for normal hippocampal lamination.In contrast,layer formation in the cerebral cortex occurred superficially,even in the absence of RAB35,suggesting a predominant role for RAB35 in hippocampal development rather than in cerebral cortex development.Recent studies have suggested an association between RAB35 and neurodegenerative diseases,including Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease.In this review,we provide an overview of the current understanding of subcellular functions of RAB35.We also provide insights into the physiological role of RAB35 in mammalian brain development and function,and discuss the involvement of RAB35 dysfunction in neurodegenerative diseases.

Research on the Interactive Impact of Transportation Systems on Socio-Economic Development

This paper aims to explore the interactive impact between transportation systems and socio-economic development,employing Structural Equation Modeling(SEM)to analyze data from 31 provincial-level administrative regions in China from 2013 to 2022.It comprehensively considers key indicators from the economic,social,and transportation sectors.The paper constructs a model encompassing 5 latent variables and 15 observed variables.Through in-depth analysis,it reveals the promoting role of transportation systems on economic growth and social development,as well as the demand for transportation system construction and optimization driven by socio-economic development levels.The results indicate that an efficient transportation system can not only directly drive economic growth but also indirectly promote social development by improving social welfare and enhancing quality of life.This paper provides new insights into understanding the complex relationship between transportation systems and socio-economic development and holds significant implications for policymakers in optimizing transportation infrastructure to foster economic and social development.

Construction of the Curriculum System of Software Engineering Based on the Agile Development Method

Under the background of“new engineering”construction,software engineering teaching pays more attention to cultivating students’engineering practice and innovation ability.In view of the inconsistency between development and demand design,team division of labor,difficult measurement of individual contribution,single assessment method,and other problems in traditional practice teaching,this paper proposes that under the guidance of agile development methods,software engineering courses should adopt Scrum framework to organize course project practice,use agile collaboration platform to implement individual work,follow up experiment progress,and ensure effective project advancement.The statistical data of curriculum“diversity”assessment show that there is an obvious improvement effect on students’software engineering ability and quality.

Development and Application of Integrated Indicators for Assessing Healthcare Waste Management Systems in Kenyan Hospitals

Healthcare waste management (HCWM) is an important aspect of healthcare delivery globally because of its hazardous and infectious components that have potential for adverse health and environmental impacts. The paper introduces a set of indicators for assessing HCWM systems in hospitals. These indicators are: HCWM policies and standard operating procedures, management and oversight, logistics and budget support, training and occupational health and safety, and treatment, disposal and waste treatment equipment housing. By plotting a mark on a continuum which is defined as good and poor on the extremes and is connected with all other marks in a spoke arrangement, it’s possible to describe a baseline for HCWM in any specific hospital. This baseline can be used to improve awareness of the actors and policy-makers, compare the same hospital at a different point in time, to compare observations by different evaluators and to track improvements. Results suggest that in Kenya, the application of such indicators is useful for evaluating which priorities should be addressed to improve outcomes in HCWM systems. Systematic sampling technique was used to identify and collect data by use of observational checklist, interviews, visual verification and review of documents and a HCWM assessment tool. The objective is to suggest an integrated management tool as a method to identify prevailing problems with a HCWM system. The method can be replicated in other contexts worldwide, with a focus on the developing world. The integrated indicators focus on management of HCW and not its potential impact on human health and environment, an area recognized to be critical for future research.

Postnatal development of rat retina:a continuous observation and comparison between the organotypic retinal explant model and in vivo development

The organotypic retinal explant culture has been established for more than a decade and offers a range of unique advantages compared with in vivo experiments and cell cultures.However,the lack of systematic and continuous comparison between in vivo retinal development and the organotypic retinal explant culture makes this model controversial in postnatal retinal development studies.Thus,we aimed to verify the feasibility of using this model for postnatal retinal development studies by comparing it with the in vivo retina.In this study,we showed that postnatal retinal explants undergo normal development,and exhibit a consistent structure and timeline with retinas in vivo.Initially,we used SOX2 and PAX6 immunostaining to identify retinal progenitor cells.We then examined cell proliferation and migration by immunostaining with Ki-67 and doublecortin,respectively.Ki-67-and doublecortin-positive cells decreased in both in vivo and explants during postnatal retinogenesis,and exhibited a high degree of similarity in abundance and distribution between groups.Additionally,we used Ceh-10 homeodomain-containing homolog,glutamate-ammonia ligase(glutamine synthetase),neuronal nuclei,and ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1 immunostaining to examine the emergence of bipolar cells,Müller glia,mature neurons,and microglia,respectively.The timing and spatial patterns of the emergence of these cell types were remarkably consistent between in vivo and explant retinas.Our study showed that the organotypic retinal explant culture model had a high degree of consistency with the progression of in vivo early postnatal retina development.The findings confirm the accuracy and credibility of this model and support its use for long-term,systematic,and continuous observation.

A Brief Discussion on the Construction of Practical Teaching System for the Traditional Chinese Medicine Resources and Development Major

China’s traditional medicine,science,and technology industry has great development potential.However,there is a problem of insufficient practitioners in the current industrial development.At the same time,the capabilities of existing practitioners do not match the demand standards.Therefore,it is necessary to actively promote the education of resources and development in Central Asia.As an institution for cultivating talents,colleges and universities must establish a practical teaching system for cultivating talents.Based on the requirements put forward by China in education,this article studies the development status of the traditional Chinese medicine resources and development major,determines the talent training goals,starts from the practical teaching aspect,and locates the industry’s requirements for the capabilities of personnel in the field of traditional Chinese medicine.It also puts forward the overall idea of the construction of the practical teaching system,summarizes the reform content of the practical teaching system,and lastly provides the specific path of the reform.

Research on the High-Quality Development of Agricultural Supply Chain Financial Ecosystem Empowered by Science and Technology

A systematic perspective on agricultural supply chain finance can offer fresh insights into its development.The high-quality development of the agricultural supply chain finance ecosystem is crucial for the comprehensive revitalization of rural areas and the realization of agricultural power.Based on the current state of development of this ecosystem,this paper identifies several bottlenecks,such as insufficient policy and technical support in the macro-environment system,weak incentives for independent circulation within the industrial environment system,and inadequate motivation for stakeholders to participate in the micro-environment system.To address these issues,this paper proposes that the visualization,digitalization,and authenticity characteristics of the“blockchain+Internet of Things”technology architecture can effectively resolve these bottlenecks.Additionally,targeted strategies are suggested to promote the high-quality development of the agricultural supply chain finance ecosystem.

DEVELOPMENT AND ERROR ANALYSIS OF AN INSPECTING SYSTEM FOR MEASURING THE ROTATIONAL INERTIA OF BULLETS

介绍了一种用于测量弹丸转动惯量的高精度测量仪器，该仪器利用双悬丝扭摆机构、光电计时系统提取摆动周期信息，由MCS-51系列单片机组成的测量系统进行数据处理，并由LED显示器测量结果。文中阐述了仪器的工作原理， 推导了所需的计算公式，分析了产生测量误差的因素，进行了定量精度分析，给出了实验结果与测量精度。

Photosystem Development in Dark-grown Lotus (Nelumbo nucifera) Seedlings

It is well known that no chlorophyll synthesis and photosystem biogenesis have been detected in dark-grown angiosperm seedlings. However, in this report, we showed that both PS II and PS I could be formed in dark-grown lotus (Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn.) seedlings. Lots of evidence were given: First I during the dark-grown period, the single fluorescence emission peak at 679 nm in lotus embryo red-shifted and transformed into the normal PS II fluorescence emission; Simultaneously, PS I fluorescence emission at 730 nm appeared and increased obviously; Second, with partial denaturing SDS-PAGE method, PS I chlorophyll-protein complex could be clearly separated from 10 days dark-grown lotus seedlings; Third, the existence of Lhca1 was also proved by Western blots. Moreover, measurements of electron transfer rate demonstrated that both PS II and PS I core in dark-grown lotus seedlings were photochemically active.

Discussion and Application of Planning EIA Index System in the Industrial Development Region Based on Low Carbon Economy

Aimed at the low carbon economy and the characteristics of planning EIA in the industrial development region,the planning EIA index system which merged with the low carbon economy concept in the industrial development region was established.The construction planning of national eco-industrial park in Hefei High-tech Industrial Development Zone was comprehensively evaluated by using the gray correlation method.The evaluation results of considering and without considering the low carbon index were contrasted and were verified by using the improved entropy method.The results showed that the regional sustainable development index constantly rose,and the planning was reasonable.Moreover,the suggestions were also put forward to tackle the problems.

Development and Application of the Edition System of Agricultural Meteorology Short Message in Liaoning Province

In order to meet the needs of Agricultural Meteorology business and research,an edition system of agricultural meteorology short message was established based on the Microsoft Access 2000 database and visualization developing software Visual Basic 6.0 in Liaoning Province.The basic principles of agro-meteorological text editing and system optimization ideas were pointed out.The meteorological conditions of the main crops growth needed in material library were introduced.