Computational Strategy Research on the Development of Kiruna,in Sweden

In Kiruna,nearly all the residents support the migration plan in order to make LKAB able to continue the mining process.Based on current condition,a larger part of this town will be demolished by the sinking land caused by iron ore mining processing operated by LKAB.Since then,most of the buildings in the sinking district will be relocated in another district.However,the situation in Kiruna is not quite the same as when this kind of migration happens in another place.In other place,while migration happens,even if not most,a large part of the local residents will resist and fight for their house and properties.Concentrated on the ownership of different buildings and tried find the relationship between the public and private buildings to discover some issue that will help to work on the computational urban design.

The Development and Experience of American Pharmaceutical Industry Associations and Its Enlightenment to China

Objective To study the development history and current situation of pharmaceutical industry associations in the United State and to provide reference for China’s pharmaceutical industry associations.Methods Literature research and comparative study were used to investigate the development history and current situation of pharmaceutical associations in the United States.Then,their characteristics and experiences were summarized.Some countermeasures and suggestions were put forward for the existing problems of pharmaceutical associations in China.Results and Conclusion The institutional environment of pharmaceutical associations in the United States is relatively good,reflecting the characteristics of emphasizing process management and neglecting entrance management with and the help of public supervision.At the same time,the government advocates market competition by adhering to the market-oriented services for the public.American pharmaceutical industry associations have strong innovation capacity and perfect credit system.Drawing on the experience of pharmaceutical industry associations in the United States,China should strengthen the construction of pharmaceutical industry associations.Firstly,the supervision mechanism should be improved.Secondly,these associations should have good partnerships with the government and offer the public the best services.Finally,the fund-raising mechanism of pharmaceutical industry associations should be optimized to ensure the innovative development of the pharmaceutical industry.

Shifting paradigms for Nepal＇s protected areas： history, challenges and relationships

The modern history of protected area(PA) management in Nepal dates back to 1973 when the National Parks and Wildlife Conservation Act(1973) was promulgated and Chitwan National Park was established. In the years immediately following these key events, protected area acts and regulations were strictly applied and the role of local people in managing natural resources was neglected. However with the passage of time, and with changes in the socio-political and economic characteristics of Nepal, management regimes have shifted towards a more liberal model which recognizes more clearly the contributions of people living and working within protected areas. Recently, landscape level conservation models including the designation of multiple use areas have been utilized in the development of management plans for protected areas in Nepal. Conservation agencies have attempted to tackle challenges such as land use conflict, poaching and smuggling of wildlife parts and illegal harvesting of highly valued medicinal herbs through regulation, but these efforts are not always successful. We recommend a holistic conflict resolution approach which recognizes and resolves the different needs of all stakeholders.

Development history of hysteromyoma surgery with uterus preservation and introduction to each operation

Hysteromyoma is a gynecological multiple benign tumor disease,but it will still affect women's physical and mental health and may become malignant tumors.Therefore,it is necessary to treat it as soon as possible.Due to the lack of safe and effective medicine treatment with low recurrence rate,surgery is still the main treatment.Surgical treatment has a long history.This article introduces the history of surgical treatment of hysteromyoma.The earliest and most widely implemented is Laparoscopic myomectomy,which began in the 1920s.With the development of science and technology,Laparoscopic myomectomy,Hysteroscopic myomectomy and Transvaginal myomectomy in the late twentieth century gradually made the treatment of hysteromyoma minimally invasive.In recent years,laparoscopic uterine vascular occlusion combined with hysteromyomectomy,uterine artery embolization and high-intensity focused ultrasound have gradually appeared,and the treatment methods of hysteromyoma are becoming more and more perfect.

The Status Quo and Enlightenment of the Foreign Extended Clinical Trial System

Objective To study the extended clinical trial systems in the United States,the European Union and Australia,and to provide a reference for the improvement of China’s extended clinical trial system.Methods Literature research method,risk management analysis method and comparative research were used in this paper to analyze the development history,scope of use,status quo of the extended clinical trial systems in the United States,the European Union,and Australia.Then,the current situation and shortcomings of China’s extended clinical trial system were compare with these foreign countries so as to put forward some suggestions for improvement.Results and Conclusion China should improve existing laws and regulations by establishing a fast application procedure,increasing application channels,and providing an information disclosure platform to meet the needs of patients in extended clinical trials.

Status and Trends in Research on Deep-Water Gravity Flow Deposits

Deep-water gravity flows are one of the most important sediment transport mechanisms on Earth. After 60 years of study, significant achievements have been made in terms of classification schemes, genetic mechanisms, and depositional models of deep-water gravity flows. The research history of deep-water gravity flows can be divided into five stages： incipience of turbidity current theory; formation of turbidity current theory; development of deep-water gravity flow theory; improvement and perfection of deep-water gravity flow theory; and comprehensive development of deep-water gravity flow theory. Currently, three primary classification schemes based on the sediment support mechanism, the rheology and transportation process, and the integration of sediment support mechanisms, rheology, sedimentary characteristics, and flow state are commonly used.Different types of deep-water gravity flow events form different types of gravity flow deposits. Sediment slump retransportation mainly forms muddy debris flows, sandy debris flows, and surge-like turbidity currents. Resuspension of deposits by storms leads to quasi-steady hyperpycnal turbidity currents （hyperpycnal flows）. Sustainable sediment supplies mainly generate muddy debris flows, sandy debris flows, and hyperpycnal flows. Deep-water fans, which are commonly controlled by debris flows and hyperpycnal flows, are triggered by sustainable sediment supply; in contrast, deep-water slope sedimentary deposits consist mainly of debris flows that are triggered by the retransportation of sediment slumps and deep-water fine-grained sedimentary deposits are derived primarily from fine- grained hyperpycnal flows that are triggered by the resuspension of storm deposits. Harmonization of classification schemes, transformation between different types of gravity flow deposit, and monitoring and reproduction of the sedimentary processes of deep-water gravity flows as well as a source-to-sink approach to document the evolution and deposition of deep-water gravity flows are the most important research aspects for future studies of deep-water gravity flows study in the future.

Development of unconventional gas and technologies adopted in China

This study analyses the geological characteristics and development progress of unconventional gas in China,summarizes the development theories and technologies,discusses the prospects and challenges of unconventional gas development,and puts forward the future trends of development technologies.Various technologies of unconventional gas development are available in China.Shale gas development technologies include comprehensive geological evaluation,volume fracturing of cluster horizontal wells under complex stress conditions,and factory-like operation of horizontal wells in complex mountainous area et al.Tight gas development technologies include fluid identification and quantitative prediction,optimization of well patterns,multi-layer fracturing in vertical well,staged fracturing in horizontal well,and drainage gas recovery.Coalbed methane(CBM)development technologies include the prediction of medium-high-and medium-low-rank CBM enrichment areas,rate-variable hydraulic fracturing,and quantitative drainage recovery with five stages,three pressures,and four controls.For economic and effective development of unconventional gas,further efforts should be made.First,intensified studies should be conducted on high-precision prediction and fine characterization technologies of high-quality shale reservoirs in deep marine,continental,and transitional facies.Second,key theories and technologies such as fast drilling and completion of wells with long laterals as well as large-scale volume fracturing should be developed to improve well productivity.Third,new technologies such as multiple well-type development,fluid injection,and nano-flooding should be developed to enhance the recovery.Fourth,effort should be made to identify the accumulation mechanism and large-scale effective development technologies for CBM.Fifth,the application of large amounts of data and artificial intelligence in the entire process of unconventional gas development should be considered to reduce the development cost.

Looking Back and Prospecting to the Project Design of the Spaceflight Launching Site in China

The development history of the project design of spaceflight launching site in China and the main forms used in these designs were introduced in this thesis, and it was pointed out that the spaceflight launch should not use only one fixed model. According to its nation condition, China should design and build the launching project facility and device which correspond to the technology development of spacecraft and carrier rocket.

Sixty years of engineering blasting in China： Review and prospect

Based on representative blasting engineering examples,the development history of engineering blasting in China since 1950 s was reviewed,three development phases were summarized,and the main achievements of fundamental theory,engineering practice,scientific study and industry organization of engineering blasting in each phase were introduced briefly.Finally,some suggestions about the development direction of engineering blasting in China were given.

Research on the Development Process of Modern Industry in Handan

Handan is an important node in the development of modern industrial cities in China.In this paper,the four stages of modern industrial development in Handan were studied according to the timeline,and the important nodes in the transformation of industrial industry types in Handan were analyzed;the development process of modern industry in Handan was discussed,and the present situation of Handan industry was summarized;active exploration was made for the sustainable development of existing industrial buildings in Handan,so as to provide some references for the development of contemporary industry in Handan.

Evaluation of Several Phases in the Development of Management Accounting

This paper discusses three issues, raised by Relevance Lost （Johnson ＆ Kaplan, 1987）, about historical evaluation of the development of management accounting. The first issue is when management accounting system was formed; the second is how to evaluate its development in subsequent decades; the third is how to evaluate the development of practice and research of management accounting in almost twenty years after Relevance Lost was published. The role of Relevance Lost in practice and theoretical research of management accounting is widely recognized, and the disagreement with it in this paper is in the specific area of the development history of management accounting. The authors of this paper believe that the development, through having its ups and downs over time, is generally speaking a continuous process, not separated by disconnected phases, leaping from one to another. Along with the progress in practice and research, researchers and practitioners are deepening their understanding about the theoretical foundation and practical development of management accounting. The history of development of management accounting is consistent with the process people gradually understand it.

The Centenary of the CPC: Leading the Times by Grasping the Laws and Trends of Historical Development

Discussions on grasping the laws and trends of historical development take a fundamental theoretical position in the scientific system of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era.Xi Jinping’s important statements have systematically answered such questions as what type of laws and trends of historical development should be followed,how did the Party follow the laws and trends of historical development in its centennial history,and how should the laws and trends of historical development be followed in a new era.The birth of the Communist Party of China(CPC),the victory of China’s War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression,the founding of the People’s Republic of China,and the unveiling of a new era for reform and opening up and socialism with Chinese characteristics are all the results of grasping the laws and trends of historical development.Over the past century,the Party has followed the laws and trends of historical development and continuously advanced the sinicization of Marxism on the basis of adhering to the unification between truth and values.In pursuit of“putting people first,”the Party has courageously been reforming itself and made relentless progress in the great endeavor of Party building.History shows that a keen appreciation of the laws and trends of historical development is an important sign of political maturity for a proletarian party.Only by applying Marxism according to current times and conditions will we keep abreast with the laws and trends of historical development.We should establish a broader concept of history and identify the laws and trends of historical development from the interactions and linkages between China and the rest of the world.We must recognize and promote the outstanding role of great leaders in steering the country in line with the laws and trends of historical development.

Introducing Chinese food therapy： a review of origin, developing course and modern application

Objective： This review introduced the origin, developing course and modern application of Chinese food therapy （CFT） in traditional Chinese medicine to enrich our understanding of relevant concepts and ways. Methods： PubMed, EMBASE, CBM, CNKI, VIP and Wanfang Databases were searched for papers on a range of terms relating to CFT. 41 references were finally selected for this review. Results： The development of CFT is comprised of five important periods in Chinese history. They axe as following： the infancy period represented by the idea of homogeny of medicine and food; theoretical development period represented by Inner Canon of Yellow Emperor, Shennong 1＇ Classic of Materia Medica and Treatise on Febrile and Miscellaneous Diseases; specialized volumes on CFT represented by Dietotherapy Worth a Thousand Gold; representative monographs on CFT represented by Dietetic Materia Medica and Principles of Correct Diet and the perfect period represented by integration of ancient food therapy practice and modern nutriology. Conclusion： CFT harbors a long and profound history, making great contribution to people＇s health maintenance and illness prevention. With the further development of integrative medicine, CFT may play a more important role in clinics and family health care based on integration of syndrome differentiation and disease differentiation.

The Origin Review and A Case Study of Plain Language in Federal Documents

Plain Language has made a great difference nowadays. As it turns out, Plain Language works effectively to express clearly, concisely and systematically. However, it is necessary for contemporary practitioners to review the origin and development of Plain Language Movement and to examine whether it has thoroughly implemented Plain Language policies in every federal document. Examining a contemporary federal document against the Guidelines for Document Designers reveals existing problems for further development.

A Review of the Development and Effect of Contraceptive Counseling After Abortion

Objective To introduce the background and development of post-abortion services such as contraceptive counseling at home and abroad,and its important role for women so as to provide a reference for the further popularization of this service in China.Methods Chinese and English databases such as CNKI,WanFang Database,VIP,PubMed,and Web of Science were searched to find relevant studies on the implementation of post-abortion service,including post-abortion family planning and post-abortion contraceptive counseling in China.And then the literature on the implementation effect of post-abortion contraceptive counseling and related services was reviewed in China.Results and Conclusion The post-abortion contraceptive counseling service can effectively improve the reproductive health of the patients with induced abortion and the level of knowledge about contraception and birth control,so as to change the contraceptive behavior and adverse psychological state of the patients.Besides.it can guide patients to use more long-term and effective contraceptive measures,thereby reducing the occurrence of unintended pregnancy and repeated abortion.Standardized contraceptive counseling and related services can also improve patient satisfaction.According to the development and implementation effect of post-abortion service and post-abortion contraceptive counseling at home and abroad,it is necessary to further promote post-abortion contraceptive counseling service in the future.Much consideration should be given to carrying out a health technical assessment of the standardized post-abortion contraceptive counseling service as well as its implementation costs.Therefore,medical institutions will have a reference to carry out standardized post-abortion contraceptive counseling service.

An Overview of ICT and Educational Change:Development,Impacts,and Factors

This paper focuses on the development of information and communication technology(ICT)in education,its impact on teaching and learning,as well as the factors that sustain change in education.Since the rise of e-learning in the 1990s,ICT has evolved rapidly in the field of education.Furthermore,ICT is seen as a catalyst for change in education,and its impact on both,students and teachers should not be understated.In addition,the sustenance of these positive changes brought about by ICT should also garner attention.This paper consequently focuses on an overview of the evolution of ICT in the field of education in the last decade or so,its impact on the changes in teaching and learning,as well as the factors that sustain the changes.Through a study of prior literature and reports,the results found that ICT has had a different focus and predicted direction each year from 2009 to the present,as well as significant effects on the content,approach,time,and place of teaching,administration,research process,and roles of teachers and students.Additional factors that influence educational change include funding,equipment software,and personnel expertise.Therefore,this article provides referenceable evidence for further ICT applications in education.

Mongolian medicine:History,development and existing problems

Mongolian medicine(MM)is an important part of Mongolian culture.Exploration of MM can play a crucial role in the prevention and treatment of various diseases and can help provide better health care globally.In this article,we gave a brief introduction to the origin and development of MM,the theoretical system of MM,the principles of Mongolian materia medica formula,the modern research on Mongolian materia medica and the quality control of Mongolian materia medica.The present situation and outlook of MM were also discussed.

Overview of the development history of China’s typhoon research and operational work in the past century

Because typhoons are one of the most major natural disasters in the southeastern coastal areas of China,great attention has been paid to the prevention and mitigation of the disasters caused by typhoons.Over the past century,significant progress has been made in typhoon-related scientific research and operational work in China,including the construction of a network of typhoon monitoring stations,the establishment of forecasting operation systems,early warning and prevention of typhoon-related disasters,and the research of basic theories of typhoon behaviors and key forecasting technologies.This paper briefly reviews the milestones in the development history of typhoon research in China over the past century and a half in order to commemorate the predecessors,especially those who made historical contributions to the advancement of typhoon research since the economic and cultural reforms known as the"Opening of China",who provided historical references which enabled China to become an international leader in the field of typhoon science and technology.

Engineering practice of seismic isolation and energy dissipation structures in China

The concepts of seismic isolation and energy dissipation structures emerged in the early 1970s.In China,the first seismic isolation structure was finished in 1993,and the first energy dissipation structure was built at about the same time.Up to 2007,China had more than 600 seismic isolation and about 100 energy dissipation building structures.In 2008,the huge Wenchuan earthquake hit the southwest of China,which triggered a bloom of new seismic isolation and energy dissipation structures.This paper presents the development history and representative applications of seismic isolation and energy dissipation structures in China,reviews the state-of-the-practice of Chinese design,and discusses the challenges in the future applications.Major findings are as follows:Basic design procedures are becoming standardized after more than ten years of experiences,which mainly involve determination of design earthquake forces,selection of ground motions,modeling and time-history analyses,and performance criteria.Nonlinear time-history analyses using multiple ground motions are the characteristic of the design of seismic isolation and energy dissipation structures.Regulations,standardization and quality control of devices,balance between performance and cost,comparison with real responses,and regular inspection are identified as the issues that should be improved to further promote the application of seismic isolation and energy dissipation structures in China.