儿童粗大动作发展特征与汉语发展性阅读障碍的关联

目的:探究儿童粗大动作发展特征与汉语发展性阅读障碍(DD)的关联。方法:从北京市某三甲医院精神专科门诊招募27名7~10岁确诊汉语DD儿童,从北京某普通小学招募年龄、性别、总智商相匹配的27名儿童为对照组。采用儿童粗大动作发展测试量表第三版(TGMD-3)、儿童发育协调障碍评估工具(M-ABC)中动静态平衡测验评估被试儿童的粗大动作发展水平。采用小学生识字量测试题库及评价量表、一分钟读字、小学生阅读能力测评评估被试阅读能力。结果:汉语DD儿童TGMD-3总分、位移动作总分、物控动作总分、动静态平衡得分均低于对照组(P<0.05)。Logistic回归分析显示动静态平衡得分、位移动作总分、物控动作总分和TGMD-3总分与患有阅读障碍负关联(OR=3.08、1.35、1.16、1.13,均P<0.05)。结论:儿童粗大动作发展落后与汉语发展性阅读障碍有关联。

统筹发展和安全中的“民参军”——二战后大国技术发展模式及其启示

促进发展和维护安全是世界各国追求的两项重要目标,而技术的军民融合则是连接发展和安全的重要纽带。二战后,苏联、日本与美国的军民融合实践,分别代表了“旋转耗散”“旋转上升”“旋转下降”以及“旋转环绕”四种大国技术发展模式。这四种模式的不同成效表明,要成功地实现军民技术融合,统筹发展和安全,关键在于“民参军”。“民参军”为军用技术提供了负反馈的制约、互补能力的积累以及持续的资金来源。苏联的困境在于缺乏“民参军”,大量军用技术难以外溢到民用部门,最终导致军用部门也缺乏持续的资金支持。日本的经验是技术从民用部门扩散到军用部门,民用部门推动了军民两用技术的发展。20世纪80年代前的美国,服务安全的军用技术逐步外溢到服务发展的民用部门;在此之后,军用技术与民用技术相互渗透,交叉影响。二战后大国技术的发展模式及军民技术融合的成败为中国推动军民融合、统筹发展和安全提供了重要借鉴。

菰米研究现状及产业发展趋势

菰米作为营养均衡的无麸质全谷物食品,含有丰富的营养物质,具有重要的营养、保健和医学价值。该文系统总结了近年来在菰米的营养成分和加工应用方面的研究进展,指出菰米中富含的营养物质主要有碳水化合物、蛋白质、脂质、维生素、酚类化合物、植物甾醇、γ-谷维素和γ-氨基丁酸等,具有抗氧化和抗心脑血管疾病等活性。菰米现有加工方式单一,应用处于初级阶段,开展菰米新加工方式研究,拓展其应用特性是当前该领域的重要研究任务。展望了未来我国菰米深入研究与加工应用的发展方向,未来菰米需选育优良品种、扩大种植率;菰米加工可从主食食品、休闲食品和发酵食品三大类进行研发,也可作为膳食补充剂添加进食品中,提升产品营养价值。

因地制宜发展新质生产力的学理阐释

因地制宜发展新质生产力是我国经济发展领域的重要课题,科学合理发展新质生产力是推动经济持续增长和提升全民福祉的关键所在。文本在系统把握因地制宜中的“时”“业”“域”特点,深入挖掘因地制宜发展新质生产力理论内涵的基础上,从马克思主义哲学角度与中国特色社会主义建设的具体实践角度探讨其生成依据,围绕制度、发展、主体、创新四个向度阐述因地制宜发展新质生产力的价值旨归。通过对立足地方实际、直面地方问题、汇聚地方力量和激发地方活力四个方面的实践探赜,重点揭示如何将因地制宜发展新质生产力理论转化为可落地的务实行动,推动新质生产力进一步发展。

生物安保保障水产养殖绿色高质量发展:回顾与展望

本文综述了生物安保在水产养殖业中的重要性及其对推动产业绿色高质量发展的作用。生物安保作为一种基于风险分析的战略性综合方法,其核心目标在于防控疫病风险,保障行业健康和可持续发展。文章首先阐述了生物安保的概念和发展历史,讨论了这一概念与生物安全、疫病防控和健康养殖、动物卫生等概念的联系与差别,并提出生物安保、动物卫福和生态干预构成动物卫生三要素,探讨了生物安保体系构建的六大要素和生物安保计划的实施流程。随后,概述了生物安保概念所涉及的关键科学技术问题,介绍了国内外相关科技和政策领域的研究发展现状。接下来,文章讨论了全球和区域性组织在推动水产养殖生物安保战略中的作用,以及不同国家和地区在水产养殖生物安保法规体系构建方面的实践,特别介绍了联合国粮食及农业组织(FAO)和世界动物卫生组织(WOAH)等国际组织重视运用生物安保理念来推动水产养殖的可持续发展。文章进一步讨论了水产养殖企业生物安保分级及其技术内容,以无特定病原(SPF)虾苗培育为例介绍了国外企业生物安保的发展,描述了水产养殖企业生物安保体系构建方法和在对虾育苗场的实践。最后,文章重点指出了中国在水产养殖生物安保方面的挑战和机遇,展望了生物安保战略的发展方向,包括构建国家生物安保中长期发展战略的路线图、强化生物安保相关的研究与教育普及,优先发展种业生物安保,构建高标准生物安保水平上的种业体系,以保障中国水产养殖业的绿色高质量发展。

美丽园区建设的路径研究

建设美丽中国是全面建设社会主义现代化国家、实现中华民族永续发展的重要举措。中国工业园区历经四十多年发展历程,已经成为建设实体经济、引领区域发展的先行者,目前已聚集全国80%的工业企业,推动工业园区建设成为人与自然和谐共生的美丽园区,对我国生态文明建设意义重大。论文回顾了中国工业园区的发展历程,面向新发展阶段存在的新挑战和新机遇,提出了工业园区在新时代需承担的高质量发展使命任务。在此基础上,本文针对园区社会、经济、自然三个子系统,从六个方面解析并详细阐述了中国工业园区打造美丽园区、支撑美丽中国建设的关键内涵。进一步地,根据国家对美丽中国建设提出的目标和计划,结合我国生态工业园区发展过程中形成的实践经验,从八个维度提出工业园区推进美丽中国建设的关键行动,支撑工业园区生态文明建设和美丽中国行动。

高质量发展是全面建设社会主义现代化国家的首要任务

党的二十大报告提出以中国式现代化全面推进中华民族伟大复兴,形成对中国式现代化的系统性认知,强调高质量发展是全面建设社会主义现代化国家的首要任务。改革开放以来,在中国共产党的领导下,我国逐步摆脱观念桎梏和教条约束,坚持一切从国情出发,创造了人类文明新形态。经济全球化势不可挡,世界必然是和而不同的全球格局,不同文明形态、不同经济体制、不同行为方式共存形成人类命运共同体。这是中国式现代化的底层逻辑,体现了中国经济高质量发展的世界意义。从中国式现代化视角透视高质量发展的深刻叙事,有助于深刻诠释中国式现代化的核心意涵。

New aspects of a small GTPase RAB35 in brain development and function

In eukaryotic cells,organelles in the secretory,lysosomal,and endocytic pathways actively exchange biological materials with each other through intracellular membrane trafficking,which is the process of transporting the cargo of proteins,lipids,and other molecules to appropriate compartments via transport vesicles or intermediates.These processes are strictly regulated by various small GTPases such as the RAS-like in rat brain(RAB)protein family,which is the largest subfamily of the RAS superfamily.Dysfunction of membrane trafficking affects tissue homeostasis and leads to a wide range of diseases,including neurological disorders and neurodegenerative diseases.Therefore,it is important to understand the physiological and pathological roles of RAB proteins in brain function.RAB35,a member of the RAB family,is an evolutionarily conserved protein in metazoans.A wide range of studies using cultured mammalian cells and model organisms have revealed that RAB35 mediates various processes such as cytokinesis,endocytic recycling,actin bundling,and cell migration.RAB35 is also involved in neurite outgrowth and turnover of synaptic vesicles.We generated brain-specific Rab35 knockout mice to study the physiological roles of RAB35 in brain development and function.These mice exhibited defects in anxiety-related behaviors and spatial memory.Strikingly,RAB35 is required for the precise positioning of pyramidal neurons during hippocampal development,and thereby for normal hippocampal lamination.In contrast,layer formation in the cerebral cortex occurred superficially,even in the absence of RAB35,suggesting a predominant role for RAB35 in hippocampal development rather than in cerebral cortex development.Recent studies have suggested an association between RAB35 and neurodegenerative diseases,including Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease.In this review,we provide an overview of the current understanding of subcellular functions of RAB35.We also provide insights into the physiological role of RAB35 in mammalian brain development and function,and discuss the involvement of RAB35 dysfunction in neurodegenerative diseases.

Establishment of human cerebral organoid systems to model early neural development and assess the central neurotoxicity of environmental toxins

Human brain development is a complex process,and animal models often have significant limitations.To address this,researchers have developed pluripotent stem cell-derived three-dimensional structures,known as brain-like organoids,to more accurately model early human brain development and disease.To enable more consistent and intuitive reproduction of early brain development,in this study,we incorporated forebrain organoid culture technology into the traditional unguided method of brain organoid culture.This involved embedding organoids in matrigel for only 7 days during the rapid expansion phase of the neural epithelium and then removing them from the matrigel for further cultivation,resulting in a new type of human brain organoid system.This cerebral organoid system replicated the temporospatial characteristics of early human brain development,including neuroepithelium derivation,neural progenitor cell production and maintenance,neuron differentiation and migration,and cortical layer patterning and formation,providing more consistent and reproducible organoids for developmental modeling and toxicology testing.As a proof of concept,we applied the heavy metal cadmium to this newly improved organoid system to test whether it could be used to evaluate the neurotoxicity of environmental toxins.Brain organoids exposed to cadmium for 7 or 14 days manifested severe damage and abnormalities in their neurodevelopmental patterns,including bursts of cortical cell death and premature differentiation.Cadmium exposure caused progressive depletion of neural progenitor cells and loss of organoid integrity,accompanied by compensatory cell proliferation at ectopic locations.The convenience,flexibility,and controllability of this newly developed organoid platform make it a powerful and affordable alternative to animal models for use in neurodevelopmental,neurological,and neurotoxicological studies.

Postnatal development of rat retina:a continuous observation and comparison between the organotypic retinal explant model and in vivo development

The organotypic retinal explant culture has been established for more than a decade and offers a range of unique advantages compared with in vivo experiments and cell cultures.However,the lack of systematic and continuous comparison between in vivo retinal development and the organotypic retinal explant culture makes this model controversial in postnatal retinal development studies.Thus,we aimed to verify the feasibility of using this model for postnatal retinal development studies by comparing it with the in vivo retina.In this study,we showed that postnatal retinal explants undergo normal development,and exhibit a consistent structure and timeline with retinas in vivo.Initially,we used SOX2 and PAX6 immunostaining to identify retinal progenitor cells.We then examined cell proliferation and migration by immunostaining with Ki-67 and doublecortin,respectively.Ki-67-and doublecortin-positive cells decreased in both in vivo and explants during postnatal retinogenesis,and exhibited a high degree of similarity in abundance and distribution between groups.Additionally,we used Ceh-10 homeodomain-containing homolog,glutamate-ammonia ligase(glutamine synthetase),neuronal nuclei,and ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1 immunostaining to examine the emergence of bipolar cells,Müller glia,mature neurons,and microglia,respectively.The timing and spatial patterns of the emergence of these cell types were remarkably consistent between in vivo and explant retinas.Our study showed that the organotypic retinal explant culture model had a high degree of consistency with the progression of in vivo early postnatal retina development.The findings confirm the accuracy and credibility of this model and support its use for long-term,systematic,and continuous observation.

Small molecule inhibitor DDQ-treated hippocampal neuronal cells show improved neurite outgrowth and synaptic branching

The process of neurite outgrowth and branching is a crucial aspect of neuronal development and regeneration.Axons and dendrites,sometimes referred to as neurites,are extensions of a neuron's cellular body that are used to start networks.Here we explored the effects of diethyl(3,4-dihydroxyphenethylamino)(quinolin-4-yl)methylphosphonate(DDQ)on neurite developmental features in HT22 neuronal cells.In this work,we examined the protective effects of DDQ on neuronal processes and synaptic outgrowth in differentiated HT22cells expressing mutant Tau(mTau)cDNA.To investigate DDQ chara cteristics,cell viability,biochemical,molecular,western blotting,and immunocytochemistry were used.Neurite outgrowth is evaluated through the segmentation and measurement of neural processes.These neural processes can be seen and measured with a fluorescence microscope by manually tracing and measuring the length of the neurite growth.These neuronal processes can be observed and quantified with a fluorescent microscope by manually tracing and measuring the length of the neuronal HT22.DDQ-treated mTau-HT22 cells(HT22 cells transfected with cDNA mutant Tau)were seen to display increased levels of synaptophysin,MAP-2,andβ-tubulin.Additionally,we confirmed and noted reduced levels of both total and p-Tau,as well as elevated levels of microtubule-associated protein 2,β-tubulin,synaptophysin,vesicular acetylcholine transporter,and the mitochondrial biogenesis protein-pe roxisome prolife rator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator-1α.In mTa u-expressed HT22 neurons,we observed DDQ enhanced the neurite characteristics and improved neurite development through increased synaptic outgrowth.Our findings conclude that mTa u-HT22(Alzheimer's disease)cells treated with DDQ have functional neurite developmental chara cteristics.The key finding is that,in mTa u-HT22 cells,DDQ preserves neuronal structure and may even enhance nerve development function with mTa u inhibition.

向新出发,木材科学前沿发展

木材及其制品被广泛应用于人们日常生活,包括家具制造、室内装饰和建筑等领域。木材工业的年产值总量已经超过3万亿元,是重要的国民经济基础产业。然而,木业发展过程中仍存在产品附加值低、企业创新能力弱和生产供应链分散等问题,向新出发、向绿而行,孵化功能木质制造新技术、新材料,培育木业新质生产力是助推行业发展、蓄能助力低碳转型的重要方向。为此,聚焦木材科学前沿发展方向,针对木业新质生产力重要论述,阐明科技创新对木业发展的重要意义,提出木材科学未来发展向极微观深入、向极宏观拓展、向极端条件迈进、向极综合交叉发力4个发展方向,并综述了现阶段具代表性研究成果,梳理代表性木质新产品和功能新材料的发展现状和发展趋势,为进一步提出我国木业新质生产力发展路径奠定基础。

岩石蠕变模型的二次开发

岩石的非线性蠕变本构模型的二次开发是研究岩石非线性蠕变的重点。本文对前人建立的本构模型进行三维差分公式推导,将三维公式写入FLAC^(3D)软件,进行本构模型的二次开发;对比分析数值模拟和试验数据的拟合程度,验证模型的正确性。

银发经济中备老人群消费特征与发展趋势研究

银发经济已成为我国未来经济持续增长的重要领域,发展银发经济需要从供给和需求两方面同时发力。银发经济有特定的年龄针对性,文本关注银发经济中未老阶段的备老经济。备老人群呈现身体健康状况良好、预期寿命持续延长,文化教育水平较高、消费观念开放包容,互联网普及程度较高、消费个性化、注重悦己等群体特征,具有较强的消费能力和消费意愿,备老人群的消费将为银发经济带来巨大的增量空间。深入理解并满足备老人群的消费需求,对推动供需在更高水平实现良性循环、促进银发经济高质量发展具有重要意义。

Sine oculis homeobox homolog family function in gastrointestinal cancer:Progression and comprehensive analysis

The sine oculis homeobox homolog(SIX)family,a group of transcription factors characterized by a conserved DNA-binding homology domain,plays a critical role in orchestrating embryonic development and organogenesis across various organisms,including humans.Comprising six distinct members,from SIX1 to SIX6,each member contributes uniquely to the development and differentiation of diverse tissues and organs,underscoring the versatility of the SIX family.Dysregulation or mutations in SIX genes have been implicated in a spectrum of developmental disorders,as well as in tumor initiation and progression,highlighting their pivotal role in maintaining normal developmental trajectories and cellular functions.Efforts to target the transcriptional complex of the SIX gene family have emerged as a promising strategy to inhibit tumor development.While the development of inhibitors targeting this gene family is still in its early stages,the significant potential of such interventions holds promise for future therapeutic advances.Therefore,this review aimed to comprehensively explore the advancements in understanding the SIX family within gastrointestinal cancers,focusing on its critical role in normal organ development and its implications in gastrointestinal cancers,including gastric,pancreatic,colorectal cancer,and hepatocellular carcinomas.In conclusion,this review deepened the understanding of the functional roles of the SIX family and explored the potential of utilizing this gene family for the diagnosis,prognosis,and treatment of gastrointestinal cancers.

Research on the Construction of Intellectual Property System and Optimization of Business Environment in China

With the rapid development of globalization and information technology,intellectual property has been one of the key drivers of economic growth,and the construction of intellectual property system has become an important criterion for measuring the quality of business environment.This article is intended to explore the current status of intellectual property system construction in China,the challenges,and its relationship with the business environment,to propose the corresponding countermeasures and suggestions.The study finds that the legal system of intellectual property in China is gradually improving,and judicial and administrative protection are continuously strengthened.However,the challenges still remain such as frequent infringements,rights hard to protect and insufficient international cooperation.These issues not only affect the legitimate rights and interests of innovation entities,but also for the market fairness and the level of the business environment.Therefore,this article proposes that strengthening the perfection of the intellectual property legal system,enhancing intellectual property services and support capabilities,strengthening international cooperation and exchanges,and accelerating the cultivation of composite talents.It aims to provide theoretical references for the construction of intellectual property system and the optimization of the business environment,promote the high-quality development of economy and enhance the global competitiveness of the country.

中国儿童道德情感发展的动态演变及生态系统模型建构——基于三轮大样本实证调查

道德情感是品德现实化的动力因素,是考察儿童知行统一性的关键点。基于2016、2019、2022年中国儿童道德发展的大样本整体动态数据(77953,77367,79914),采用回归分析、夏普里值分解发现中国儿童道德情感的发展:(1)类型不均衡,同情心表现需要关注;(2)水平随年龄的增高呈现先增高后降低的发展趋势,10岁为儿童道德情感发展的关键点;(3)存在性别和城乡区域的结构差异;(4)按因素影响强度呈现独特的生态系统逻辑,从高到低排列为“个体-学校-社会支持-家庭”;生活满意度、了解儿童的人、学校和家庭心理环境是高影响因素;不同因素对不同性别和学段儿童的道德情感发展影响存在差异。由上发现提出,中国儿童道德情感培育要重视道德情感类型的发展失衡、群体发展的差异和关键影响因素,优化儿童道德情感发展的生态系统,抓住发展的关键期,进一步明确教育的侧重点,提升针对性和时效性。

对《促进发展的投资便利化协定》的评价及中国的因应策略

经过世界贸易组织多年的努力,2024年2月,《促进发展的投资便利化协定》被宣布正式达成,这是世界贸易组织在多边投资谈判领域中的重大突破。该协定在促进资本跨境自由流动、推动全球经济可持续发展、改善全球治理、缓解“南北不平衡”等方面都有重要意义。随着该协定的逐步完善和落实,全球更多的经济体将会受益于它带来的红利。但是,该协定在执行过程中也面临着各种挑战,诸如协定执行成本巨大、国际投资保护主义抬头等。中国作为该协定的主要发起国,要加强投资便利化的制度建设和功能建设,积极履行国际承诺,为实现全球经济可持续发展做出重要贡献。

马克思历史前提决定论及其中国式现代化创新形态

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