Failure process and monitoring data of an extra-large landslide at the Nanfen Open-pit Iron Mine

An extra-large landslide occurred on June 19,2021,on the footwall slope of the Nanfen Open-pit Iron Mine in Liaoning Province,China,with a volume of approximately 1.2×107 m3.To elucidate the causative factors,development process,and destructive mechanisms of this catastrophic landslide,comprehensive field tests,investigations,and laboratory experiments were conducted.Initially,the heavily weathered rock mass of the slope was intersected by faults and joint fissures,facilitating rainwater infiltration.Moreover,the landslide contained a substantial clay mineral with highly developed micro-cracks and micro-pores,exhibiting strong water-absorption properties.As moisture content increased,the rock mass underwent softening,resulting in reduced strength.Ultimately,continuous heavy rainfall infiltration amplified the slope's weight,diminishing the weak structural plane's strength,leading to fracture propagation,slip plane penetration,and extensive tensile-shear and uplift failure of the slope.The study highlights poor geological conditions as the decisive factor for this landslide,with continuous heavy rainfall as the triggering factor.Presently,adverse environmental factors persistently affect the landslide,and deformation and failure continue to escalate.Hence,it is imperative to urgently implement integrated measures encompassing slope reinforcement,monitoring,and early-warning to real-time monitor the landslide's deformation and deep mechanical evolution trends.

Construction Method of Civil Aircraft Airborne⁃system Supplier Development Process System

Based on the analysis of the development process system status of domestic and foreign civil aircraft airborne system suppliers,this paper proposes the overall construction idea of"a set of civil aircraft process system"based on IPD(Integrated product development)in the organization.The development stage,process,activity and task are the logical framework elements of the system construction."Based on process decomposition,vertical stratification,horizontal segmentation,combination of special and common,process customized to tools,role and process integration,giving full consideration to the interface between supplier management and process modules"etc.are the concrete ideas.Moreover,formulate top⁃level system construction standards,implemented by process system management tool platform,so that the process system and development work can be effectively integrated to effectively guide the development work of airborne system suppliers,and meet the quality and airworthiness requirements of civil aircraft development.Through the development application of a certain type of flight control system,the process system and tool platform were verified and optimized in practice.

Task Decomposition Technique's Deduction and Application of Product Developing Process in Concurrent Engineering

Task decomposition is a kind of powerful technique increasingly being used within industry as a pathway for achieving product's developing success. In this paper, topology's concept in modern mathematics is used for task decomposition technique's deduction in product developing process. It puts fonvard the views of resolvability, measurability and connectivity of tasks and their practi-cal principles. Combined with an example of developing the typical mechanical product, it ex-plains the implementing method of task decomposition in Concurrent Engineering (CE).

THE MONITORING FOR PHYSICAL DEVELOPING PROCESS WITH A LINEAR CCD

In this work, we used a linear CCD to detect the whole physical developing process of silver diffusion transfer reversal process in photographic chemistry. The influence of the ingredient of the working solution was studied.

Dynamic propagation velocity of a positive streamer in a 3 m air gap under lightning impulse voltage

Streamers represent an important stage in the initiation of gap discharge. In this work, we used an eight-frame intensified charge-coupled device camera to capture the streamer development process when a lightning impulse voltage of 95%–100% U50% was applied in a 3 m rod–plate gap and the streamer velocity was analyzed. Analysis of the observations shows that streamer velocity can be defined by three stages: rapid velocity decline(stage 1), rapid velocity rise(stage 2)and slow velocity decline(stage 3). The effects of electrode shape, applied voltage and gap breakdown or withstanding on streamer velocity were analyzed. The electrode with a larger radius of curvature will result in a higher initial velocity, and a higher voltage amplitude will cause the streamer to propagate faster at stage 3. Gap withstanding or breakdown has no obvious effect on streamer velocity. In addition, the experimental results are compared with previous results and the statistical characteristics of the primary streamer discharge are discussed.

Research on MBSE Application for Radio Navigation System

The rapid development of concepts and technologies for civil aircraft navigation systems has put forward higher requirements for agile iteration and integrated design verification in the research and development(R&D)process.Traditional document based system engineering(DBSE)methods have gradually become inadequate.Model based system engineering(MBSE)is fully based on user′s needs and is carried out from top to bottom,in line with the concept of forward design.It is gradually being applied in the development of civil aircraft systems.This article focuses on the civil aircraft radio navigation system and proposes a complete system engineering solution based on models,from system design and development to validation.Guided by the Arcadia methodology,with Capella modeling tool,Simulink simulation tool,and system validation tool,the complete R&D process from design and development to testing and validation was achieved through model construction,code generation,and testing validation.A radio navigation station selection optimization method based on machine learning was proposed,and results had good signal quality and persistence.The verification result of Beijing⁃Shanghai flight route shows MBSE method practiced in this article can ensure the feasibility of the entire process of radio navigation system development,as well as the rationality of tuning and positioning result.By automatically generating code to form a universal functional module,an optimization method that integrates different radio navigation station selection strategies is achieved,providing new ideas for the development and design of radio navigation systems.

A Historical Review of the Development of Women’s Higher Education in China (1908-2020): Stages, Explanations, and Trends

The development of women’s higher education in China can be divided into four stages:emergence(1908-1948);foundation(1949-1976);accelerating development(1977-2008);and the qualitative leap(2009-2020).This work considers the principal institutional mechanisms that contributed to this development.First,flexibly planned parenthood gradually promoted gender equality and openness in society facilitated by systematic“awards,grants,and loans”initiatives to support women’s higher education economically.Second,compulsory education ensured that left-out and migrant children had access to higher education.Third,effective connectivity across different education types bridged education gaps between those with different levels of education.Fourth,China made great efforts to invite and integrate international experiences that promoted the development of women’s higher education.Looking beyond these achievements,we also discuss the future trends of women’s higher education in China.

Trend and Development of Semi-Solid Metal Processing

This paper reviewed the trend and development of semi-solid metal technique. The processes and mechanisms for producing slurry of SSM and its industrial applications have been summarized and discussed. Discussions on the basic rheological theory are presented for more applications. Further consideration of the development and application of SSM technique is also proposed.

Multiscale Simulation Starting at the Molecular Level for Adsorption Process Development

This article presents a multiscale simulation approach starting at the molecular level for the adsorption process development. A grand canonical Monte Carlo method is used for the prediction of adsorption isotherms of methanol on an activated carbon at the molecular level. The adsorption isotherms obtained in the linear region （or adsorption constant） are exploited as a model parameter required for the adsorption process simulation. The adsorption process model described by a set of partial differential equations （PDEs） is solved by using the conservation element and solution element method, which produces a fast and an accurate numerical solution to PDEs. The simulation results obtained from the adsorption constant estimated at the molecular level are in good agreement with the experimental results of the pulse response. The systematical multiscale simulation approach addressed in this study may be useful to accelerate the adsorption process development by reducing the number of experiments.

Use of the AHP Methodology in Vehicle Design Process Dynamics: Determination of the Most Effective Concept Phases for the New Automotive Product

The function of decision-making in the management of new product development and vehicle design activities is achieved by defining, constructing or evaluating the outcome-oriented, and most effective steps from the sub-steps that form this basic process. The choice of the sub-stages of the basic process or the decision of how to do a job gains importance in terms of the efficiency of the firm’s activities. Therefore, the decision making function is one of the basic elements involved in the formation and development of the basic processes that can comply with the market dynamics of firms. With the new product being developed, the selection, the current editing or the evaluation of the steps that make up the vehicle design activities for the automotive industry companies that exist and compete in the market, bring about significant gains. In the manufacturing industry, the design of the vehicle determines the market spread, while the competitive conditions are driven by the new or improved product decision. In both cases, the automotive industry firms must know the stages of the most appropriate vehicle design in their own right, and the steps of forming new project dynamics must be devised in this direction. In this study, the result oriented activity of the current vehicle design phases used in the automotive industry companies is determined and the order of importance of the stages is listed. For this purpose, under the same conditions of competition (the same market, the same class vehicles develops and manufactures), 4 in the automotive firm administration, a total of 40 employees (4 × 10 process manager) with the vehicle design was evaluated by determining the effectiveness of the use of the stage. At this stage, analytic hierarchy methods applied to each of the phases are explored in practice instead of the use of the significance level automotive company. Study of the vehicle design phase of the automotive industry: structure, process modifications or new project reveals the important values to be configured according to the size.

Developing Large-Scale Dry Ports—The Case of Arriyadh

The purpose of this paper is to explore the development process of a large scale dry port and to analyse what measures and actions are needed in order to support the decision making process and ensure an effective and efficient dry port that serves the City and the region’s current and future needs. The purpose is explored in the context of Saudi Arabiaand the city ofArriyadh. Key issues identified related to the dry port development are long term planning and crosssector collaboration. The interconnection between the dry port and the overall transport system and aspects, such as location of business, city logistics, road and rail infrastructure, local, regional and national regulations, etc., is strong. This puts challenge on the coordination and alignment of the different organizations, their strategies and objectives. In a complex situation, such as developing a dry port with many stakeholders, it is crucial that the roles of all actors are clearly defined. This is essential for utilizing the dry port as a regional tool for planning. In that regard, it is appropriate that the site location decision is clearly connected with an overall city freight vision and strategy.

Research on Networked Rapid Product Development Process

Today the cycle time of the product develop is requ ir ed to be shortened. At the same time the requirement of the customers becomes mo re and more diverse and complex. The capability of the develop unit is limited b ecause of the existence of heterogeneous systems and distributed environments. I n this paper, we bring forward a new approach to solve the problem in product de velopment process. We also settle part key technologies in it. A great deal of information from all kinds of sources in the distributed develop ment process is interweaved. The solution to organize the workflow and manage th e information in the process is called for anxiously. We use a new approach that is asynchronous and synchronous coupling product development approach based on the network. The approach extends the develop process from the time axis. Then t he activities in the process are organized from the asynchronous and synchronous aspects. The state of every activity projects at the ASN (active semantic netwo rk). The ASN includes decision system, intelligent agent, user interface and net work. The ASN decides the types and states of the activities and deals with the couple relationship among them. The knowledge stored in ASN is open to all users through the relative interfaces. Every specialist keeps contact with their user s relying on collaborative platform implements CSCW (computer support collaborat ive work) that integrated product/process design and development. The lack of gl obal communication in product development process can be prevented in the most d egree. The key technologies that exist in the asynchronous and synchronous coupling pro duct develop approach include: integrated development structure, orderly organiz ation of information, transparent management of process, agile transfer of infor mation and rapid prototype. The development process can be completed quickly by these technologies. The technologies involve wide content. In this paper, we dis cuss some key technologies. We validate the approach by the projectrapid response manufacturing a pplication in the distributed environment. The expensive device, high technology and low using lead to RE (Rapid engineering) and RP (Rapid prototype) service a pplication by the network. RE and RP develop rapidly due to the accelerated prod uct development process. RE and RP application service platform is built in the project.

A CORBA-Based Integration Platform of Product Development Process Management for Concurrent Engineering

Product development process management plays an important role in concurrent engineering (CE). The integration platform is a useful tool for effectively supporting the software development and integration. Based on the analysis of practical requirements for product development process management for CE, a CORBA-based integration platform of product development process management (IP-PDPM) is designed and developed. The design principles for IP-PDPM are described. The system architecture and functions of the platform are given, the key technologies for the implementation of IP-PDPM are presented, the application integration mechanism and its implementation techniques are also detailed.

Classification and exploration potential of sedimentary basins based on the superposition and evolution process of prototype basins

Classification,superimposed evolution and sedimentary filling of prototype basins are analyzed based on the Wilson cycle principle of plate theory,by dissecting the evolution history of 483 sedimentary basins around the world since the Pre-cambrian,combined with the three stress environments of tension,compression and shear.It is found that plate tectonic evo-lution controls the superimposed development process and petroleum-bearing conditions of the prototype basins in three as-pects:first,more than 85%of the sedimentary basins in the world are developed from the superimposed development of two or more prototype basins;second,the superposition evolution process of the prototype basin takes Wilson cycle as the cycle and cycles in a fixed trajectory repeatedly.In each stage of a cycle,a specific type of prototype basin can be formed;third,each prototype basin can form a unique tectonic-sedimentary system,which determines its unique source,reservoir,cap conditions etc.For hydrocarbon accumulation,the later superimposed prototype basin can change the oil and gas accumulation conditions of the earlier prototype basin,and may form new petroleum systems.Based on this,by defining the type of a current basin as its prototype basin formed by the latest plate tectonic movement,14 types of prototype basins can be classified in the world,namely,intracontinental growth rift,intr acontinental aborted rift,intercontinental rift,passive continental margin,interior craton,trench,fore-arc rift,ba ck-arc rift,back-arc de pression,back-arc small ocean,peri pheral foreland,back-arc foreland,strike-slip pull-apart,and strike-slip flexural basins.The classification scheme can ensure the uniqueness of the types of in di-vidual sedimentary basin,and make it possible to predict their oil and gas potential scientifically through analogy.

Development of Reaction Process with the Consideration of Environmental Impact Minimization

A methodology is presented to identify environmental impact minimization alternatives for reaction processes and assess their environmental performance. The potential environmental impact (PEI) scheme can be used to visibly display the transformation relationships among different types of PEI, identify the sources of environmental impacts, and propose alternatives for eliminating or minimizing the impacts. To evaluate the environmental performance of the alternatives effectively, some new indices, such as PEI input rate of non-products, PEI output rate of non-products per profit and the PEI conversion efficiency are proposed. Finally, the application of the methodology is illustrated using an industrial case study.

The process development and product application of Tisco DSS

DSS have high strength,high corrosion resistance and good welding properties.Comparing with the same corrosion resistance level austenitic stainless steel,DSS decrease largely Ni content and realize the thinning of thickness design to perfectly optimize properties and decrease costs.Now DSS have been widely used in many fields such as petroleum,chemical industry,paper production,shipbuilding,nuclear power, seawater desalting,vacuum salt production and architecture.Tisco have began the process development and product application research of DSS products from last century and gradually solved a lot of technical problems such as AOD nitrogen alloying control of various content DSS,high temperature deformation mechanism of thermal process,large deformation hot rolling process of coils,the effect of bad phase precipitated during hot treatment process on properties and high efficiency pickling of high Cr/Mo content DSS plates.The various alloy content DSS plates and wide cold rolling coils(3Re60,S32101,S32304, S31803,S32205,S32750 and SUS329J4L) were successfully developed and used in national important constructions,key industries and abroad projects.

Significant Breakthrough in Industrial Test of the "Methanol to Olefins" Process Developed by Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics,Chinese Academy of Sciences

A process of ＂Methanol or Dimethylether to Olefins＂ developed by Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics （DICP）, designated as the DMTO process, has attained great success in industrial scaling up testing. DICP, by collaborating with the Xinxing Coal Chemical Co., Ltd. of Shaanxi Province and the Luoyang Petrochemical Engineering Co. of the SINOPEC Group, operated successfully a 50t（methanol）/d unit for the conversion of methanol to lower olefins, with a methanol conversion of close to 100%, and a selectivity to lower olefins（ethylene, propylene and butylenes） of higher than 90%. On 23rd August, the industrial test project has passed a state appraisal. The experts of the Appraisal Group, headed by Prof. YUAN Qingtang, academician of Chinese Academy of Engineering, drew the conclusions that the DMTO process, by utilizing a proprietary SAPO-34 catalyst system and a recycling fluidized bed reaction system for the production of lower olefins from methanol, is the first unit in the world having a capacity of producing nearly ten thousand tons lower olefins per year. The technological level of the industrial test is at a leading position internationally. This accomplishment will provide a sound base for the subsequent commercialization of the DMTO process.

Suggestions on Process Technology Development of Iron and Steel Making in China

1 Introduction The 21st century is coming and the world iron and steel making technology is facing an important technical evolution at this century turnover,which is reflected in two aspects:①Rapid development of traditional iron&steel making technology with continuous regeneration;②Three major frontier techniques of metallurgy(smelting reduction;near-net-shape continuous

China's Processing Trade Development for Mechanical and Electrical Products

Since the launch of the economic reform and opening to the outside world, China has seen rapid growth in its export of mechanical and electrical products, with its export