Developing high-efficiency base editors by combining optimized synergistic core components with new types of nuclear localization signal peptide

The clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats(CRISPR)–CRISPR-associated protein(Cas) system has been widely used for genome editing. In this system, the cytosine base editor(CBE) and adenine base editor(ABE) allow generating precise and irreversible base mutations in a programmable manner and have been used in many different types of cells and organisms. However, their applications are limited by low editing efficiency at certain genomic target sites or at specific target cytosine(C) or adenine(A) residues. Using a strategy of combining optimized synergistic core components, we developed a new multiplex super-assembled ABE(sABE) in rice that showed higher base-editing efficiency than previously developed ABEs. We also designed a new type of nuclear localization signal(NLS) comprising a FLAG epitope tag with four copies of a codon-optimized NLS(F4NLS^(r2)) to generate another ABE named F4NLS-sABE. This new NLS increased editing efficiency or edited additional A at several target sites. A new multiplex super-assembled CBE(sCBE) and F4NLS^(r2) involved F4NLS-sCBE were also created using the same strategy. F4NLS-sCBE was proven to be much more efficient than sCBE in rice. These optimized base editors will serve as powerful genome-editing tools for basic research or molecular breeding in rice and will provide a reference for the development of superior editing tools for other plants or animals.

From Industrial Heritage to a Regional Development Core in the 20th Century： The Case of Ilha Solteira

The article deals with the built experience by the CESP （Sao Paulo＇s Electricity Company） in Urubupunga Complex, during 1950s and 1960s, with concomitant construction of urban centers--an provisional in Jupih and another permanent in llha Solteira--with accommodation for singles, working villages and residences for technicians and engineers. The city of Ilha Solteira implanted permanently was an intermediate form of organization between the camp of Jupia and the structure of a city, with a slightly more open community in which the citizens were still quite protected by the company. This study aims to describe the planning and the process of opening the core of Ilha Solteira, through non participant observation field work and research literature on the topic of its conversion into town and the attempt to create a pole of development for the region through their characteristic urban design plan： linear city and radio concentric city. However, the transformation of Ilha Solteira on a city in the early 1980s happened in the crisis of developmentalism and authoritarianism, in a time when the CESP no longer wished to transform Ilha Solteira in pole of regional development, but in a city able to stand alone, because their maintenance costs become prohibitive.

The CPC as the Core of Leadership Guiding the Development of China’s Human Rights Cause

Full enjoyment of human rights, a lofty ideal pursued by the human race for a long time, is what the people of contemporary China have spared no ef- forts to attain. The Chinese people were virtually denied human fights when the ＂three large mountains＂-- imperialism, feudalism and the bureaucratic bour- geoisie - oppressed them. To achieve national liberation, independence, de- mocracy, freedom and human fights, the unyielding Chinese people fought protracted struggles for which they made huge sacrifices.

On SD-oriented mechanism of technological innovation

If one enterprise just takes technological innovation as the way for economic profit but not the combinationalprofit of economy, society and ecology, it will never survive in this fierce competition market. Based on the relationshipbetween technological innovation and sustainable development, this paper brings forward that technological innovationmust take the sustainable1 development of society as the fundamental goal. Technological innovation should be the realimpulse for the development of society, economy and ecology. On the basis of the analysis on previous technologicalinnovation impetus mechanism, combined with the influential factors, this paper puts forward SD-oriented mechanism oftechnological innovation.