Effect of building energy efficiency standards on carbon emission efficiency in commercial buildings

The building sector plays a crucial role in the worldwide shift toward achieving net-zero emissions.Building energy efficiency standards(BEESs)are highly effective policies for reducing carbon emissions.Therefore,exploring the provincial variations in carbon emission efficiency(CEE)in the building sector and identifying the effect of BEESs on CEE is crucial.This study focuses on commercial buildings in China and applies a difference in differences model to evaluate the impact of BEESs on the CEE of commercial buildings.The slacks-based measure–data envelopment analysis model is employed to assess the CEE of commercial buildings in 30 Chinese provinces from 2000 to 2019.Furthermore,heterogeneous tests are used to explore how climate characteristics and economic conditions affect the efficiency of BEESs.The results indicate that BEESs positively influence the CEE of commercial buildings.Specifically,a 1%increase in the intensity of BEESs causes a 0.1484%increase in the CEE of commercial buildings.Moreover,the impact of BEESs is particularly pronounced in the southern and western provinces.This study provides valuable scientific evidence for governments to enhance BEESs implementation.

Geographical Indication Characteristics,Unique Production Methods and Industrial Development Measures of Zhuanbu Strawberry

This article describes the geographical indication characteristics of Zhuanbu strawberry,a special product of Yinan County,Shandong Province,a national geographical indication agricultural product,including specific production area,unique production environment,rich human history and unique product quality,summarizes the unique production method of Zhuanbu strawberry from selection of production area and varieties,production management,timely harvesting and other aspects,and puts forward corresponding industrial development measures,in order to maintain the brand of Zhuanbu strawberry to the greatest extent and further improve the brand awareness and market competitiveness of Zhuanbu strawberry.

Geographical Indication and Unique Production Technology of Zhengcheng Honeysuckle

The specific production area,unique production environment,rich humanistic history and unique production quality of Zhengcheng honeysuckle,a featured product of Pingyi County,Shandong Province and a national geographic indication agricultural product are described in this article.The unique production method for Zhengcheng honeysuckle is summarized from the aspects of production area selection,variety selection,production management,harvesting,processing and packaging,and corresponding development measures for the industry are proposed,aiming to maintain the Zhengcheng honeysuckle brand to the greatest extent and further increase the popularity of Zhengcheng honeysuckle.

Multidimensional Analysis of Social Convergence Within the European Union Countries

Social convergence is one of the most important objectives for European integration. It is understood as a process of cohesion and assimilation of countries in the area of social development, which is the conditions and standards of living of the citizens of the European countries （EU27）. The aim of the article was to investigate whether there is convergence or divergence in the EU27 area, taking into account multidimensional analysis of social convergence. Methodology used in the article was taxonomic and statistical tool. It allowed applying the synthetic approach to the issue. The time taken into consideration was the period of 2000-2013. The article showed that the area of the EU27 is very diversified in terms of social development. It allows indicating five groups of countries similar to each other due to the level of social development, although the differences among the groups are significant. The analysis of convergence led to the conclusion that the process of ＂catching up＂ occurred until 2007. Then this process has stopped and even divergence trends are visible due to crisis 2008/2009. The period of 2008-2011 revealed the greatest disparities of development among the EU countries.