The building sector plays a crucial role in the worldwide shift toward achieving net-zero emissions.Building energy efficiency standards(BEESs)are highly effective policies for reducing carbon emissions.Therefore,expl...The building sector plays a crucial role in the worldwide shift toward achieving net-zero emissions.Building energy efficiency standards(BEESs)are highly effective policies for reducing carbon emissions.Therefore,exploring the provincial variations in carbon emission efficiency(CEE)in the building sector and identifying the effect of BEESs on CEE is crucial.This study focuses on commercial buildings in China and applies a difference in differences model to evaluate the impact of BEESs on the CEE of commercial buildings.The slacks-based measure–data envelopment analysis model is employed to assess the CEE of commercial buildings in 30 Chinese provinces from 2000 to 2019.Furthermore,heterogeneous tests are used to explore how climate characteristics and economic conditions affect the efficiency of BEESs.The results indicate that BEESs positively influence the CEE of commercial buildings.Specifically,a 1%increase in the intensity of BEESs causes a 0.1484%increase in the CEE of commercial buildings.Moreover,the impact of BEESs is particularly pronounced in the southern and western provinces.This study provides valuable scientific evidence for governments to enhance BEESs implementation.展开更多
By the adoption of architecture as a means for communication and discourse between the architect and the recipient, yet current arguments took the conscious of local architect away from the uniqueness and the concerns...By the adoption of architecture as a means for communication and discourse between the architect and the recipient, yet current arguments took the conscious of local architect away from the uniqueness and the concerns of the society, as well. It also dominated its creative and educational capabilities through making him distracted in formal non-rational overestimated compositions without dealing with the concerns and needs of the society and sympathize with its affection that led to the appearance of an intellectual crisis resulted from the loss of design strategy in the current trends among some Jordanian architects. As such, not only substantial amount of the leading architectural intellect had deteriorated to formal practices but also it took another approach, becoming incomplete intellectual isolation practicing an overestimated architecture that satisfies free markets requirements which appeared along with the globalization economy. This study attempts to comparatively investigate the variation in some architectural practices as a methodology based on design readings of the previous issues which were characterized of architectural uniqueness and current issues that lack of the existing intellectual references.展开更多
Circular building is one of the key turning points in the movement of the construction industry towards sustainable development.It is a“circulation”and“human”idea aimed at balancing the construction and design of ...Circular building is one of the key turning points in the movement of the construction industry towards sustainable development.It is a“circulation”and“human”idea aimed at balancing the construction and design of the residential environment with the responsibility and values of environmental resources and ecology.This study was focused on the formulation of planning and design guidelines that comply with the current circular building centred economy.Input from industry operatives was collected using semi-structural interviews and a pyramidal approach was employed using logical reasoning to set up planning and design objectives as well as specifications in 4 dimensions covering 12 items.The results provide substantial references for the promotion of current environmental codes compliant with circular building.They can also be used to shape up resource circulation in the construction industry,and help to meet the many needs of sustainable development in the planning and design of circular buildings.展开更多
Nearly one-third of the Scottish population is struggling to heat their home properly today.There is an urgent need for the delivery of low-energy affordable homes.However,the homebuilding industry has no systematic w...Nearly one-third of the Scottish population is struggling to heat their home properly today.There is an urgent need for the delivery of low-energy affordable homes.However,the homebuilding industry has no systematic way to deliver such unconventional homes,although the UK government has set out a bold“green”target that all newly-built homes be carbon neutral by 2016.Accordingly,this paper explores the status quo of today’s affordable homes being built in Scotland;and secondly,it extends the scope to the review of successfully commercialized low-to zero-energy affordable housing developments in Canada.This study emphasizes the significant impact of design choices on the delivery of low-to zero-energy affordable housing,including housing orientations and configurations;construction materials and systems,including renewable energy technologies;and internal planning,with due consideration to the time-related sun positions and the internal space day-lighting and heat gain potentials.In addition,the paper argues that the absence of clear definitions as to housing quality and affordability,and the lack of industry capacity for technical knowledge learning activities,are potential obstacles that limit the spread of sustainable zero-carbon homes in Scotland today.Moreover,the effect of the design charrette approach being practiced in Canada on the homebuilding decision making process was reviewed,with the aim of providing a base for further discussion on the applicability of Canadian low-energy affordable housing design techniques to sustainable zero carbon homes of the future in Scotland.展开更多
Residential and commercial buildings are undergoing a dramatic change,and the Internet of Things(IoT)tech-nologies are shaping the future of these buildings.Researchers have recently utilized IoT in a variety of appli...Residential and commercial buildings are undergoing a dramatic change,and the Internet of Things(IoT)tech-nologies are shaping the future of these buildings.Researchers have recently utilized IoT in a variety of applica-tions and settings to transfer conventional buildings into smart,efficient,and secure buildings.While functional IoT approaches have been developed,there is still a need for improvement in IoT applications and operations to understand the full potential of this technology.This improvement can properly be done by bridging the gaps of the current literature to provide a building block for future studies.The objective of this paper is to present a comprehensive review of research work on the existing technologies and applications of IoT in residential and commercial buildings.For residential buildings,studies are divided to three major categories of home automa-tion,intelligent energy management systems,and healthcare facilities.For commercial buildings,the current literature is divided to four categories of office buildings,healthcare facilities,educational buildings,and restau-rants and retail facilities.Based on the review of each category,the trends,current benefits and risks,and future challenges of the IoT implementation in the built environments are identified and discussed.In particular,in-tegration of various IoT technologies with different capabilities,data storage and processing,and privacy and security risks are identified as the main challenges for IoT implementation.In addition,our results show that the commercial building sector has received more attention compared to the residential building sector.By providing the directions for future research opportunities,this paper benefits IoT developers and researchers to properly identify their work boundaries and define their contributions.展开更多
基金funded by the National Social Science Foundation of China[Grant No.23CJY018]the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities[Grant No.JBK2406049]+2 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China[Grant No.72003151],[Grant No.72173100]the Soft Science Research Program of Sichuan Province[Grant No.2022JDR0227]Projects from the Research Center on Xi Jinping’s Economic Thought,and the Fundamental Research Funds for the“Guanghua Talent Program”of the Southwestern University of Finance and Economics.
文摘The building sector plays a crucial role in the worldwide shift toward achieving net-zero emissions.Building energy efficiency standards(BEESs)are highly effective policies for reducing carbon emissions.Therefore,exploring the provincial variations in carbon emission efficiency(CEE)in the building sector and identifying the effect of BEESs on CEE is crucial.This study focuses on commercial buildings in China and applies a difference in differences model to evaluate the impact of BEESs on the CEE of commercial buildings.The slacks-based measure–data envelopment analysis model is employed to assess the CEE of commercial buildings in 30 Chinese provinces from 2000 to 2019.Furthermore,heterogeneous tests are used to explore how climate characteristics and economic conditions affect the efficiency of BEESs.The results indicate that BEESs positively influence the CEE of commercial buildings.Specifically,a 1%increase in the intensity of BEESs causes a 0.1484%increase in the CEE of commercial buildings.Moreover,the impact of BEESs is particularly pronounced in the southern and western provinces.This study provides valuable scientific evidence for governments to enhance BEESs implementation.
文摘By the adoption of architecture as a means for communication and discourse between the architect and the recipient, yet current arguments took the conscious of local architect away from the uniqueness and the concerns of the society, as well. It also dominated its creative and educational capabilities through making him distracted in formal non-rational overestimated compositions without dealing with the concerns and needs of the society and sympathize with its affection that led to the appearance of an intellectual crisis resulted from the loss of design strategy in the current trends among some Jordanian architects. As such, not only substantial amount of the leading architectural intellect had deteriorated to formal practices but also it took another approach, becoming incomplete intellectual isolation practicing an overestimated architecture that satisfies free markets requirements which appeared along with the globalization economy. This study attempts to comparatively investigate the variation in some architectural practices as a methodology based on design readings of the previous issues which were characterized of architectural uniqueness and current issues that lack of the existing intellectual references.
文摘Circular building is one of the key turning points in the movement of the construction industry towards sustainable development.It is a“circulation”and“human”idea aimed at balancing the construction and design of the residential environment with the responsibility and values of environmental resources and ecology.This study was focused on the formulation of planning and design guidelines that comply with the current circular building centred economy.Input from industry operatives was collected using semi-structural interviews and a pyramidal approach was employed using logical reasoning to set up planning and design objectives as well as specifications in 4 dimensions covering 12 items.The results provide substantial references for the promotion of current environmental codes compliant with circular building.They can also be used to shape up resource circulation in the construction industry,and help to meet the many needs of sustainable development in the planning and design of circular buildings.
文摘Nearly one-third of the Scottish population is struggling to heat their home properly today.There is an urgent need for the delivery of low-energy affordable homes.However,the homebuilding industry has no systematic way to deliver such unconventional homes,although the UK government has set out a bold“green”target that all newly-built homes be carbon neutral by 2016.Accordingly,this paper explores the status quo of today’s affordable homes being built in Scotland;and secondly,it extends the scope to the review of successfully commercialized low-to zero-energy affordable housing developments in Canada.This study emphasizes the significant impact of design choices on the delivery of low-to zero-energy affordable housing,including housing orientations and configurations;construction materials and systems,including renewable energy technologies;and internal planning,with due consideration to the time-related sun positions and the internal space day-lighting and heat gain potentials.In addition,the paper argues that the absence of clear definitions as to housing quality and affordability,and the lack of industry capacity for technical knowledge learning activities,are potential obstacles that limit the spread of sustainable zero-carbon homes in Scotland today.Moreover,the effect of the design charrette approach being practiced in Canada on the homebuilding decision making process was reviewed,with the aim of providing a base for further discussion on the applicability of Canadian low-energy affordable housing design techniques to sustainable zero carbon homes of the future in Scotland.
文摘Residential and commercial buildings are undergoing a dramatic change,and the Internet of Things(IoT)tech-nologies are shaping the future of these buildings.Researchers have recently utilized IoT in a variety of applica-tions and settings to transfer conventional buildings into smart,efficient,and secure buildings.While functional IoT approaches have been developed,there is still a need for improvement in IoT applications and operations to understand the full potential of this technology.This improvement can properly be done by bridging the gaps of the current literature to provide a building block for future studies.The objective of this paper is to present a comprehensive review of research work on the existing technologies and applications of IoT in residential and commercial buildings.For residential buildings,studies are divided to three major categories of home automa-tion,intelligent energy management systems,and healthcare facilities.For commercial buildings,the current literature is divided to four categories of office buildings,healthcare facilities,educational buildings,and restau-rants and retail facilities.Based on the review of each category,the trends,current benefits and risks,and future challenges of the IoT implementation in the built environments are identified and discussed.In particular,in-tegration of various IoT technologies with different capabilities,data storage and processing,and privacy and security risks are identified as the main challenges for IoT implementation.In addition,our results show that the commercial building sector has received more attention compared to the residential building sector.By providing the directions for future research opportunities,this paper benefits IoT developers and researchers to properly identify their work boundaries and define their contributions.
