Turkey has given importance to the development of the automobile industry since the Ottoman period.While the Ottomans,who were aware of the development process of the automobile industry in the world,provided transpor...Turkey has given importance to the development of the automobile industry since the Ottoman period.While the Ottomans,who were aware of the development process of the automobile industry in the world,provided transportation by horse-drawn carriage,they thought of importing automobiles for the Sultan and high-level bureaucrats in an effort to switch to automobile transportation.However,after the proclamation of the Republic,automobile production started,just like airplanes.While a factory was established for the production of a domestic aircraft,the first automobile production facility was established in Istanbul in 1929 by the American Ford company.This factory was closed after a short time due to the world economic crisis.After the activities of the Kayseri Aircraft Factory,which lasted until 1948,came to an end,this time,Revolution car prototypes could be manufactured completely domestically in 1961.After the project,which did not go into mass production,the KoçGroup started to produce the domestically-made Anadol car with technology transfer from multiple sources in 1967,but the production of Anadol continued until 1984.In 1971,Renault cars started to be produced under the French Renault license,and TOFAŞcars under the Italian FIAT license.Towards the end of the 1970s,creative imitation applications were made in TOFAŞcars with the bird series.In the 1990s,the production of Japanese Honda and Toyota and South Korean Hyundai cars started.In 2011,the idea of producing a domestic automobile emerged,the Devrim automobile was taken as an example in this project,the first Togg prototype was manufactured with technology transfer from multiple sources in December 2018,and it was announced that mass production would begin in March 2023.The 12-year period from 2011 to 2023 is too long for the creation of a domestic automobile.It has been understood that this long process has been passed in order to regain the pre-1980 level of technological ability.However,the most important thing is the transition from the creative imitation stage to the innovation stage.Our wish is that this process can be shortened with phase skipping approaches.展开更多
On December 9, 2014 the scientific research project ＂Developmentand commercial application of technology forultra-deep HDS of diesel （RTS）＂ jointly performed bythe SINOPEC Research Institute of Petroleum Processin...On December 9, 2014 the scientific research project ＂Developmentand commercial application of technology forultra-deep HDS of diesel （RTS）＂ jointly performed bythe SINOPEC Research Institute of Petroleum Processing（RIPP）, the Yanshan Petrochemical Branch Company（YPBC）, the Maoming Petrochemical Branch Companyand the Guangzhou Petrochemical Branch Company haspassed in Beijing the technical appraisal organized by theScience and Technology Division of the Sinopec Corp.展开更多
This paper details the latest situation and features of the technology development in terms of China’s oral care products industry and proposes the following development direction in this sector. Meanwhile, the paper...This paper details the latest situation and features of the technology development in terms of China’s oral care products industry and proposes the following development direction in this sector. Meanwhile, the paper analyzes the popular products in the international market of oral care products and also predicts the trend of the product future in China’s market.展开更多
It is possible to say that the automotive industries of Argentina,Brazil,and Turkey are each developed as an assembly industry and show great similarities to each other in this context.Since the 1980s,the development ...It is possible to say that the automotive industries of Argentina,Brazil,and Turkey are each developed as an assembly industry and show great similarities to each other in this context.Since the 1980s,the development direction of the world automotive industry has been trying to make the country’s investment environment attractive for foreign international companies to produce in their countries in all three countries.However,with the 1980s,their adaptation to the flexible production system and other new technologies being implemented in the Japanese automotive industry took time,meaning that the learning time took a long time,and local contribution rates fell.This has made the slow development mechanism that has been going on since the past work even slower,and they have suffered the punishment for not being able to develop technologies in all three countries by falling behind in the automotive industry.In the 2000s,with technological advances in electric vehicles,when the use of electric vehicles began to become widespread,we can say that all three countries began to experience a new adaptation problem in the automotive industry more severely.In Turkey,this problem was experienced with all its weight along with the other country;in 2006,the policy of attracting foreign investment to the automotive industry was partially abandoned and the approach to producing domestic cars began to be considered,and in 2011,a decision was made to produce domestic cars.As of December 2019,a prototype of the domestic car has been produced by the automobile initiative group of Turkey and work has started for mass production.Thus,the problem of adaptation to the production of electric vehicles was desired to be overcome by moving to a new stage in the path of technology development.The South Korean automotive industry used this approach in the 1980s and was successful and soon gained the ability to develop technology.In order to see the success of the application of this method in Turkey,it is thought that it is necessary to wait for the result of the domestic car project.展开更多
文摘Turkey has given importance to the development of the automobile industry since the Ottoman period.While the Ottomans,who were aware of the development process of the automobile industry in the world,provided transportation by horse-drawn carriage,they thought of importing automobiles for the Sultan and high-level bureaucrats in an effort to switch to automobile transportation.However,after the proclamation of the Republic,automobile production started,just like airplanes.While a factory was established for the production of a domestic aircraft,the first automobile production facility was established in Istanbul in 1929 by the American Ford company.This factory was closed after a short time due to the world economic crisis.After the activities of the Kayseri Aircraft Factory,which lasted until 1948,came to an end,this time,Revolution car prototypes could be manufactured completely domestically in 1961.After the project,which did not go into mass production,the KoçGroup started to produce the domestically-made Anadol car with technology transfer from multiple sources in 1967,but the production of Anadol continued until 1984.In 1971,Renault cars started to be produced under the French Renault license,and TOFAŞcars under the Italian FIAT license.Towards the end of the 1970s,creative imitation applications were made in TOFAŞcars with the bird series.In the 1990s,the production of Japanese Honda and Toyota and South Korean Hyundai cars started.In 2011,the idea of producing a domestic automobile emerged,the Devrim automobile was taken as an example in this project,the first Togg prototype was manufactured with technology transfer from multiple sources in December 2018,and it was announced that mass production would begin in March 2023.The 12-year period from 2011 to 2023 is too long for the creation of a domestic automobile.It has been understood that this long process has been passed in order to regain the pre-1980 level of technological ability.However,the most important thing is the transition from the creative imitation stage to the innovation stage.Our wish is that this process can be shortened with phase skipping approaches.
文摘On December 9, 2014 the scientific research project ＂Developmentand commercial application of technology forultra-deep HDS of diesel （RTS）＂ jointly performed bythe SINOPEC Research Institute of Petroleum Processing（RIPP）, the Yanshan Petrochemical Branch Company（YPBC）, the Maoming Petrochemical Branch Companyand the Guangzhou Petrochemical Branch Company haspassed in Beijing the technical appraisal organized by theScience and Technology Division of the Sinopec Corp.
文摘This paper details the latest situation and features of the technology development in terms of China’s oral care products industry and proposes the following development direction in this sector. Meanwhile, the paper analyzes the popular products in the international market of oral care products and also predicts the trend of the product future in China’s market.
文摘It is possible to say that the automotive industries of Argentina,Brazil,and Turkey are each developed as an assembly industry and show great similarities to each other in this context.Since the 1980s,the development direction of the world automotive industry has been trying to make the country’s investment environment attractive for foreign international companies to produce in their countries in all three countries.However,with the 1980s,their adaptation to the flexible production system and other new technologies being implemented in the Japanese automotive industry took time,meaning that the learning time took a long time,and local contribution rates fell.This has made the slow development mechanism that has been going on since the past work even slower,and they have suffered the punishment for not being able to develop technologies in all three countries by falling behind in the automotive industry.In the 2000s,with technological advances in electric vehicles,when the use of electric vehicles began to become widespread,we can say that all three countries began to experience a new adaptation problem in the automotive industry more severely.In Turkey,this problem was experienced with all its weight along with the other country;in 2006,the policy of attracting foreign investment to the automotive industry was partially abandoned and the approach to producing domestic cars began to be considered,and in 2011,a decision was made to produce domestic cars.As of December 2019,a prototype of the domestic car has been produced by the automobile initiative group of Turkey and work has started for mass production.Thus,the problem of adaptation to the production of electric vehicles was desired to be overcome by moving to a new stage in the path of technology development.The South Korean automotive industry used this approach in the 1980s and was successful and soon gained the ability to develop technology.In order to see the success of the application of this method in Turkey,it is thought that it is necessary to wait for the result of the domestic car project.
