Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC) is one of the major ingredients for the development of efficient software systems within a time frame and low-cost involvement. From the literature, it is evident that there are ...Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC) is one of the major ingredients for the development of efficient software systems within a time frame and low-cost involvement. From the literature, it is evident that there are various kinds of process models that are used by the software industries for the development of small, medium and long-term software projects, but many of them do not cover risk management. It is quite obvious that the improper selection of the software development process model leads to failure of the software products as it is time bound activity. In the present work, a new software development process model is proposed which covers the risks at any stage of the development of the software product. The model is named a Hemant-Vipin (HV) process model and may be helpful for the software industries for development of the efficient software products and timely delivery at the end of the client. The efficiency of the HV process model is observed by considering various kinds of factors like requirement clarity, user feedback, change agility, predictability, risk identification, practical implementation, customer satisfaction, incremental development, use of ready-made components, quick design, resource organization and many more and found through a case study that the presented approach covers many of parameters in comparison of the existing process models. .展开更多
Based on the analysis of the development process system status of domestic and foreign civil aircraft airborne system suppliers,this paper proposes the overall construction idea of"a set of civil aircraft process...Based on the analysis of the development process system status of domestic and foreign civil aircraft airborne system suppliers,this paper proposes the overall construction idea of"a set of civil aircraft process system"based on IPD(Integrated product development)in the organization.The development stage,process,activity and task are the logical framework elements of the system construction."Based on process decomposition,vertical stratification,horizontal segmentation,combination of special and common,process customized to tools,role and process integration,giving full consideration to the interface between supplier management and process modules"etc.are the concrete ideas.Moreover,formulate top⁃level system construction standards,implemented by process system management tool platform,so that the process system and development work can be effectively integrated to effectively guide the development work of airborne system suppliers,and meet the quality and airworthiness requirements of civil aircraft development.Through the development application of a certain type of flight control system,the process system and tool platform were verified and optimized in practice.展开更多
Objective To identify the critical risks in the process of innovative drug research and development,and to provide reference for improving the efficiency of innovative drug development and risk control in China.Method...Objective To identify the critical risks in the process of innovative drug research and development,and to provide reference for improving the efficiency of innovative drug development and risk control in China.Methods Expert investigation and analytic hierarchy process were used to determine the weights of different risks.Results and Conclusion The research and analysis results showed that the risks at different stages of development had different effects on the success rate of drug development,among which the risk at the drug discovery stage influenced the most.In the drug discovery stage,inappropriate target selection had the greatest impact on the success rate of drug development.The lack of appropriate cell tissue or animal models had the greatest impact on the success rate of drug development from the discovery of a compound to the application for clinical trials.The difference in changes between nonclinical and clinical studies had the greatest impact on the success rate of drug development from early clinical studies to pivotal clinical studies.Incorrect dose selection had the greatest impact on the success rate of drug development from pivotal clinical studies to marketing authorization applications.The biggest impact from the marketing authorization application to the approval stage was inadequate communication with regulators.After investigating the weight of risk factors in the process of innovative drug development based on scientific methods,a new perspective for the risk control of new drug development and improving the research and development efficiency is provided.展开更多
Mechatronic product development is a complex and multidisciplinary field that encompasses various domains, including, among others, mechanical engineering, electrical engineering, control theory and software engineeri...Mechatronic product development is a complex and multidisciplinary field that encompasses various domains, including, among others, mechanical engineering, electrical engineering, control theory and software engineering. The integration of artificial intelligence technologies is revolutionizing this domain, offering opportunities to enhance design processes, optimize performance, and leverage vast amounts of knowledge. However, human expertise remains essential in contextualizing information, considering trade-offs, and ensuring ethical and societal implications are taken into account. This paper therefore explores the existing literature regarding the application of artificial intelligence as a comprehensive database, decision support system, and modeling tool in mechatronic product development. It analyzes the benefits of artificial intelligence in enabling domain linking, replacing human expert knowledge, improving prediction quality, and enhancing intelligent control systems. For this purpose, a consideration of the V-cycle takes place, a standard in mechatronic product development. Along this, an initial assessment of the AI potential is shown and important categories of AI support are formed. This is followed by an examination of the literature with regard to these aspects. As a result, the integration of artificial intelligence in mechatronic product development opens new possibilities and transforms the way innovative mechatronic systems are conceived, designed, and deployed. However, the approaches are only taking place selectively, and a holistic view of the development processes and the potential for robust and context-sensitive artificial intelligence along them is still needed.展开更多
In Kiruna,nearly all the residents support the migration plan in order to make LKAB able to continue the mining process.Based on current condition,a larger part of this town will be demolished by the sinking land caus...In Kiruna,nearly all the residents support the migration plan in order to make LKAB able to continue the mining process.Based on current condition,a larger part of this town will be demolished by the sinking land caused by iron ore mining processing operated by LKAB.Since then,most of the buildings in the sinking district will be relocated in another district.However,the situation in Kiruna is not quite the same as when this kind of migration happens in another place.In other place,while migration happens,even if not most,a large part of the local residents will resist and fight for their house and properties.Concentrated on the ownership of different buildings and tried find the relationship between the public and private buildings to discover some issue that will help to work on the computational urban design.展开更多
The development of women’s higher education in China can be divided into four stages:emergence(1908-1948);foundation(1949-1976);accelerating development(1977-2008);and the qualitative leap(2009-2020).This work consid...The development of women’s higher education in China can be divided into four stages:emergence(1908-1948);foundation(1949-1976);accelerating development(1977-2008);and the qualitative leap(2009-2020).This work considers the principal institutional mechanisms that contributed to this development.First,flexibly planned parenthood gradually promoted gender equality and openness in society facilitated by systematic“awards,grants,and loans”initiatives to support women’s higher education economically.Second,compulsory education ensured that left-out and migrant children had access to higher education.Third,effective connectivity across different education types bridged education gaps between those with different levels of education.Fourth,China made great efforts to invite and integrate international experiences that promoted the development of women’s higher education.Looking beyond these achievements,we also discuss the future trends of women’s higher education in China.展开更多
China is currently vigorously implementing the“energy conservation and emission reduction”and“dual carbon”strategies.As the most resource-advantaged light metal material in China,Magnesium(Mg)alloy is progressivel...China is currently vigorously implementing the“energy conservation and emission reduction”and“dual carbon”strategies.As the most resource-advantaged light metal material in China,Magnesium(Mg)alloy is progressively expanding its application in automobile,rail transportation,aerospace,medical,and electronic products.Chongqing University,Shanghai Jiaotong University,and Australian National University have conducted extensive research on the preparation,properties,and processes of Mg alloys.In the past 20 years,the proportion of Mg alloy in the automotive industry has gradually expanded,whereas currently the design and development of Mg alloy parts for automobiles has rarely been reported.Thus,the application models and typical parts cases of Mg alloy are summarized mainly from the four systems of the whole vehicle(body system,chassis system,powertrain system,interior,and exterior system).Subsequently,two actual original equipment manufacturers(OEM)cases are used to introduce the development logic of reliable die-cast Mg alloy,including forward design,formability analysis,process design analysis,structural redesign,manufacturing,and testing,aiming to share the methods,processes,and focus of attention of automotive OEMs for developing Mg alloy parts to enhance the confidence and motivation of applying Mg alloy in automotive field.Eventually,the multiple challenges faced by Mg alloy materials are sorted out and how to face these challenges are discussed.National policies and regulations,environmental protection and energy saving,and consumer demand will continue to promote the application of Mg.展开更多
Machine Translation are increasingly welcomed and used during recent years with the commonly application of Internet and the acceleration of the integration of world economy. To know about the history and development ...Machine Translation are increasingly welcomed and used during recent years with the commonly application of Internet and the acceleration of the integration of world economy. To know about the history and development process of Machine Translation during 1930s-1970 s could help researchers gain new insights through restudying old material.展开更多
This paper reviewed the trend and development of semi-solid metal technique. The processes and mechanisms for producing slurry of SSM and its industrial applications have been summarized and discussed. Discussions on ...This paper reviewed the trend and development of semi-solid metal technique. The processes and mechanisms for producing slurry of SSM and its industrial applications have been summarized and discussed. Discussions on the basic rheological theory are presented for more applications. Further consideration of the development and application of SSM technique is also proposed.展开更多
The next generation of advanced light sources requires photons with large average flux and high brightness,which needs advanced electron gun matched with excellent photocathode materials. K_2CsSb photocathode has the ...The next generation of advanced light sources requires photons with large average flux and high brightness,which needs advanced electron gun matched with excellent photocathode materials. K_2CsSb photocathode has the advantages of high quantum efficiency, long lifetime and instantaneous response. This study introduces the design of a set of K_2CsSb photocathode preparation systems and detailed preparation process of K_2CsSb photocathodes, including sequential deposition process and co-deposition process, and finally develops a K_2CsSb photocathode. The influence of laser power on the quantum efficiency is also investigated.展开更多
he design verification steps that take place in today’s automotive industry, which constitute the values of each successive or simultaneous phase in the new product development process, create a complex structure wit...he design verification steps that take place in today’s automotive industry, which constitute the values of each successive or simultaneous phase in the new product development process, create a complex structure with the inclusion of each new technology and discipline. Therefore, step by step, each design verification phase definition in the flow contains important phase transition measurements or approval tolerances that ensure the simplicity and continuity of vehicle development processes. In addition, classification of design verification stages within the framework of this study or evaluation in two classes (static and dynamic) is a new approach, but it is a synthesis with the analysis of the new product development process. The vehicle’s basic structure, which constitutes the ergonomic and functional requirements of the vehicle in a static environment, takes into account the dynamic environment variables with crash or accident tests. Increasing new technology adaptations in the automotive industry have changed the new product development process that performs this function structurally and created the concept of design verification under consecutive or simultaneous process simplicity. From the autonomous driving to the use of alternative energy, possible accident scenarios and design verification phase transitions in the integration of parts and systems of the newly developed vehicle create a new structure that models and directs the lean product development process especially in the automotive industry in the coming days. In the lean product development process that takes place in the automotive industry, the design verification transition steps or the approval-control analysis of the development stages, which form a new and effective approach, are re-modeling the entire flow. Therefore, successful execution of design verification steps used in the control of new interdisciplinary product development phase transitions provides value creation.?Within the scope of this study, the effectiveness of the static and dynamic design verification steps, which are carried out in 5 global automotive companies included in the research, which constitute the stage transitions of the new product development process, has been measured. Apart from the design verification transition stages, the process variables that differ among the automotive companies involved in the research are excluded from the scope of this study. In other words, in field researches in the automotive industry, new vehicle design steps or basic engineering steps in the new product development process steps, while creating independent fixed variables, interdisciplinary collaborations, static and dynamic design verification transition stages they perform, or their sequence in the basic flow, is accepted as a dependent variable. Therefore, in the study, the positive effect of the automotive companies that included the static and dynamic design verification phase transition approvals in the lean product development process was investigated. Under the comparative analysis structure of the research, the effect of automotive companies, which accept international vehicle specifications as static design verification input, on market performance has been examined in depth. The detailed depth in the comparison analysis conducted under the second field studies of the study is due to the prediction of dynamic design verification stages to provide a high impact on the market performance, according to the static verification analysis. The new product development stages of the dependent variables were fixed and the flow-oriented?“effect”?of the independent variables in the basic process influenced by the design verification activities was analyzed under the new automotive industry company comparisons. In addition, the impact of the automotive design activities that make up the comparison analysis of the research on the scope of the lean product development stage and its effect on the basic process flow has been demonstrated competition-oriented. Therefore, sub-variables, options, criteria, results, which form a defined comparison problem, create basic test values that affect the problem.展开更多
Grape pistil has an important influence on fruit size and quality.However,there were few studies on grape ovary,and the development process of the ovary is still unclear.Therefore,in this paper,four different grape va...Grape pistil has an important influence on fruit size and quality.However,there were few studies on grape ovary,and the development process of the ovary is still unclear.Therefore,in this paper,four different grape varieties with different lengths of small inflorescences,namely‘Musct Hambourg’grape(Vitis vinifera),‘Concord’grape(Vitis labrusca),‘ShanPuTao’grape(Vitis amurensis)and‘GongNiang2Hao’grape(Vitis amurensis×Vitis vinifera)were used as test materials.Four varieties ovary were significant differences by means of stereomicroscope,paraffin section.The expression of ovary determining gene VvAGAMOUS(VvAG)and its development related genes VvCRABS CLAW(VvCRC)and VvAGAMOUS-LIKE 11(VvAGL11)with similar functions during the development of different grape varieties were preliminarily explored using fluorescence quantitative test.The relationship between VvAG and VvCRC,VvAG and VvAGL11 were analyzed using Y1H assay.Our results showed that there were obvious abdominal sutures on the surface of expect for‘Musct Hambourg’grape,and existing poly carpels.The ovary development of‘ShanPuTao’and‘GongNiang2Hao’grape was completed when the inflorescence length was less than 1 cm,while the‘Concord’and‘Musct Hambourg’grape were fully developed when the length of inflorescence was 3–4 and 4–5 cm,respectively.VvAG and VvCRC began to express in large quantities after the formation of stamen primordia,while VvAGL11 during the forming of ovule primordia.Therefore,VvAG and VvCRC mainly regulated the development of stamens and carpels and also promote the development of ovules,while VvAGL11 major regulated the development of ovules.The promoters of VvCRC and VvAGL11 were bound by VvAG.This study provides an important theoretical basis for further research on the molecular mechanism of grape ovary development.展开更多
The development and delivery of high quality therapeutic products necessitates the need for highthrough-put (HTP) process development tools. Traditionally, these works requires a combination of shake flask and small-s...The development and delivery of high quality therapeutic products necessitates the need for highthrough-put (HTP) process development tools. Traditionally, these works requires a combination of shake flask and small-scale stirred tank bioreactor (STR) which are labor and resource intensive and time-consuming. Here we demonstrate a strategy for rapid and robust cell culture process development by evaluating and implementing the use of a new HTP disposable micro bioreactor (MBR) called AMBRTM system (Advanced Microscale Bioreactor) that has the capabilities for automated sampling, feed addition, pH, dissolved oxygen (DO), gassing and agitation controls. In these studies the performance of two monoclonal antibody (MAb) producing cell lines (MAb1 and MAb2) was evaluated both in the AMBR system and 3-L STR. We demonstrated that cell culture performance (growth and viability, production titer and product quality) were similar in both vessel systems. Furthermore, process control and feed optimization were demonstrated in an additional cell line (MAb3) in the disposable MBR and its performance confirmed at STR scale. The results indicate that the AMBR system can be used to streamline the process development effort and facilitate a rapid and robust cell culture process development effort for MAb programs in a HTP manner.展开更多
Ultra-high temperature ceramic coatings have ultra-high melting points,excellent mechanical properties and high temperature ablation resistance.These unique performance combinations turn it into a promising material f...Ultra-high temperature ceramic coatings have ultra-high melting points,excellent mechanical properties and high temperature ablation resistance.These unique performance combinations turn it into a promising material for use in extreme environment structures in rockets and hypersonic vehicles,particularly nozzles,leading edges and engine components.In this paper,various preparation methods of ultra-high temperature ceramic coatings were reviewed,including plasma spraying,chemical vapor deposition,pack cementation,slurry sintering,hot pressing and their research progress.Meanwhile,some new preparation methods of high temperature coatings,such as ion beam deposition,ultrasonic spraying,metal organic frame work coating,and magnetron sputtering,were introduced.The development trend of ultra-high temperature coatings was prospected as well.展开更多
From the perspective of geological zone selection for coalbed methane(CBM) development, the evaluation parameters(covering geological conditions and production conditions) of geological sweetspot for CBM development a...From the perspective of geological zone selection for coalbed methane(CBM) development, the evaluation parameters(covering geological conditions and production conditions) of geological sweetspot for CBM development are determined, and the evaluation index system of geological sweetspot for CBM development is established. On this basis, the fuzzy pattern recognition(FPR) model of geological sweetspot for CBM development is built. The model is applied to evaluate four units of No.3 Coal Seam in the Fanzhuang Block, southern Qinshui Basin, China. The evaluation results are consistent with the actual development effect and the existing research results, which verifies the rationality and reliability of the FPR model. The research shows that the proposed FPR model of geological sweetspot for CBM development does not involve parameter weighting which leads to uncertainties in the results of the conventional models such as analytic hierarchy process and multi-level fuzzy synthesis judgment, and features a simple computation without the construction of multi-level judgment matrix. The FPR model provides reliable results to support the efficient development of CBM.展开更多
Environmental impact assessment (EIA), a decision-making process for project appraisal and sustainability adopted globally as an administrative process to identify, predict, evaluate, and monitor projects from their f...Environmental impact assessment (EIA), a decision-making process for project appraisal and sustainability adopted globally as an administrative process to identify, predict, evaluate, and monitor projects from their feasibility, preconstruction, construction, and operation stages to mitigate the adverse impacts and enhance the beneficial impacts for the protection of the affected environment, The study objective is to explore global EIA systems and processes and find shortcomings and implications for making the best instrument or tool to protect the natural environment from man-made activities over the project cycle. For this, the relevant literature on the EIA system and process was reviewed and evaluated through the application of quantitative and qualitative approaches, including the assessment of legal instruments and the adoption of EIA methodologies in developing countries. EIA, initiated in the 1970s in the US and Australia, expanded to developing countries and was amended in East and Southeast Asia from the 1970s to the 2000s. The evaluation assessed that the South Asian countries follow UNEP and IAIA guidelines, utilizing national laws and expert consultations, with screening criteria and administrative processes based on established environmental legislation. Ad hoc, checklist, matrix, network, overlay, cost-benefit analysis, and predictive or simulation in EIA practice are used to assess the environmental impacts of development activities. Failure to recommend major projects undermines public trust and prevents mitigation measures from being implemented. Most developing countries have followed EIA to fulfill the legal requirement with shadow-off monitoring and follow-up rather than to upset, reduce, or compensate for the project impacts as per size, location, and severity of the project area. The research and guidelines outlined in the IAIA principles and process have synthesized the best EIA practices worldwide. Public participation, impact coverage, scientific mitigation, transparent evidence-based approaches, monitoring, follow-up, legitimate approaches, and future appraisal opportunities are major concerns to be included in best EIA practice.展开更多
Hainan's betel nut processing industry continues to develop,and the yield has reached 231000 t. There are some problems in betel nut industry such as unreasonable initial processing layout,processing capacity surp...Hainan's betel nut processing industry continues to develop,and the yield has reached 231000 t. There are some problems in betel nut industry such as unreasonable initial processing layout,processing capacity surplus,and deep processing industry lag. It is suggested that we should guide the initial processing layout of betel nut according to local conditions,and carry out overall deep processing planning of betel nut; support betel nut deep processing plant in the main producing areas,establish betel nut initial processing and deep processing serial production line,and develop new betel nut product; build betel nut production,processing,transport and marketing information database and market information early warning mechanism,and improve betel nut processing information service platform to timely provide information services and continuously develop betel nut industry.展开更多
The IEC 61131-3 standard defines a model and a set of programming languages for the development of industrial automation software. It is widely accepted by industry and most of the commercial tool vendors advertise co...The IEC 61131-3 standard defines a model and a set of programming languages for the development of industrial automation software. It is widely accepted by industry and most of the commercial tool vendors advertise compliance with it. On the other side, Model Driven Development (MDD) has been proved as a quite successful paradigm in general-purpose computing. This was the motivation for exploiting the benefits of MDD in the industrial automation domain. With the emerging IEC 61131 specification that defines an object-oriented (OO) extension to the function block model, there will be a push to the industry to better exploit the benefits of MDD in automation systems development. This work discusses possible alternatives to integrate the current but also the emerging specification of IEC 61131 in the model driven development process of automation systems. IEC 61499, UML and SysML are considered as possible alternatives to allow the developer to work in higher layers of abstraction than the one supported by IEC 61131 and to more effectively move from requirement specifications into the implementation model of the system.展开更多
基于Aspen Batch Process Developer软件对原料药工程设计进行应用研究。在某原料药项目中,通过软件建立工艺流程模拟模型,分析批次操作时间、年生产批次、年生产规模、物料衡算、设备选型和利用率、公用工程消耗等,在满足生产需求的情...基于Aspen Batch Process Developer软件对原料药工程设计进行应用研究。在某原料药项目中,通过软件建立工艺流程模拟模型,分析批次操作时间、年生产批次、年生产规模、物料衡算、设备选型和利用率、公用工程消耗等,在满足生产需求的情况下,达到优化生产排班、设备选型和公用工程量的目的。展开更多
Since United Nations adopted the global Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs) for the next15 years(2016-2030), sustainable development will further become a core concept and main principle to guide global and national e...Since United Nations adopted the global Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs) for the next15 years(2016-2030), sustainable development will further become a core concept and main principle to guide global and national economic and social development. According to this background, strengthening the integrative research on the theories and methodologies of sustainable development has been a strategically important mission. This article provided an analytic framework for sustainability science, named the object-subject-process(OSP) framework for examining the key issues encountered during the theoretical research and policy analysis. This study emphasized that, on the object dimension, sustainable development means to seek for economic and social development within biophysical limits of the earth and the relationship of environment, society, and economy should be containing and complementary rather than parallel and substitute; on the process dimension, sustainable development should adopt both the responsive and proactive strategies for the whole process management which employing pressure-state-response(PRS) model rather than dealing with one part of them; on the subject dimension, sustainable development research should involve the key stakeholders who are kind of collaborate governance rather than separate each other. From the perspective of sustainability science, green economy was utilized as a case study to explore the issues of object, process and subject and also the significance of green economy was discussed in this study.展开更多
文摘Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC) is one of the major ingredients for the development of efficient software systems within a time frame and low-cost involvement. From the literature, it is evident that there are various kinds of process models that are used by the software industries for the development of small, medium and long-term software projects, but many of them do not cover risk management. It is quite obvious that the improper selection of the software development process model leads to failure of the software products as it is time bound activity. In the present work, a new software development process model is proposed which covers the risks at any stage of the development of the software product. The model is named a Hemant-Vipin (HV) process model and may be helpful for the software industries for development of the efficient software products and timely delivery at the end of the client. The efficiency of the HV process model is observed by considering various kinds of factors like requirement clarity, user feedback, change agility, predictability, risk identification, practical implementation, customer satisfaction, incremental development, use of ready-made components, quick design, resource organization and many more and found through a case study that the presented approach covers many of parameters in comparison of the existing process models. .
文摘Based on the analysis of the development process system status of domestic and foreign civil aircraft airborne system suppliers,this paper proposes the overall construction idea of"a set of civil aircraft process system"based on IPD(Integrated product development)in the organization.The development stage,process,activity and task are the logical framework elements of the system construction."Based on process decomposition,vertical stratification,horizontal segmentation,combination of special and common,process customized to tools,role and process integration,giving full consideration to the interface between supplier management and process modules"etc.are the concrete ideas.Moreover,formulate top⁃level system construction standards,implemented by process system management tool platform,so that the process system and development work can be effectively integrated to effectively guide the development work of airborne system suppliers,and meet the quality and airworthiness requirements of civil aircraft development.Through the development application of a certain type of flight control system,the process system and tool platform were verified and optimized in practice.
文摘Objective To identify the critical risks in the process of innovative drug research and development,and to provide reference for improving the efficiency of innovative drug development and risk control in China.Methods Expert investigation and analytic hierarchy process were used to determine the weights of different risks.Results and Conclusion The research and analysis results showed that the risks at different stages of development had different effects on the success rate of drug development,among which the risk at the drug discovery stage influenced the most.In the drug discovery stage,inappropriate target selection had the greatest impact on the success rate of drug development.The lack of appropriate cell tissue or animal models had the greatest impact on the success rate of drug development from the discovery of a compound to the application for clinical trials.The difference in changes between nonclinical and clinical studies had the greatest impact on the success rate of drug development from early clinical studies to pivotal clinical studies.Incorrect dose selection had the greatest impact on the success rate of drug development from pivotal clinical studies to marketing authorization applications.The biggest impact from the marketing authorization application to the approval stage was inadequate communication with regulators.After investigating the weight of risk factors in the process of innovative drug development based on scientific methods,a new perspective for the risk control of new drug development and improving the research and development efficiency is provided.
文摘Mechatronic product development is a complex and multidisciplinary field that encompasses various domains, including, among others, mechanical engineering, electrical engineering, control theory and software engineering. The integration of artificial intelligence technologies is revolutionizing this domain, offering opportunities to enhance design processes, optimize performance, and leverage vast amounts of knowledge. However, human expertise remains essential in contextualizing information, considering trade-offs, and ensuring ethical and societal implications are taken into account. This paper therefore explores the existing literature regarding the application of artificial intelligence as a comprehensive database, decision support system, and modeling tool in mechatronic product development. It analyzes the benefits of artificial intelligence in enabling domain linking, replacing human expert knowledge, improving prediction quality, and enhancing intelligent control systems. For this purpose, a consideration of the V-cycle takes place, a standard in mechatronic product development. Along this, an initial assessment of the AI potential is shown and important categories of AI support are formed. This is followed by an examination of the literature with regard to these aspects. As a result, the integration of artificial intelligence in mechatronic product development opens new possibilities and transforms the way innovative mechatronic systems are conceived, designed, and deployed. However, the approaches are only taking place selectively, and a holistic view of the development processes and the potential for robust and context-sensitive artificial intelligence along them is still needed.
文摘In Kiruna,nearly all the residents support the migration plan in order to make LKAB able to continue the mining process.Based on current condition,a larger part of this town will be demolished by the sinking land caused by iron ore mining processing operated by LKAB.Since then,most of the buildings in the sinking district will be relocated in another district.However,the situation in Kiruna is not quite the same as when this kind of migration happens in another place.In other place,while migration happens,even if not most,a large part of the local residents will resist and fight for their house and properties.Concentrated on the ownership of different buildings and tried find the relationship between the public and private buildings to discover some issue that will help to work on the computational urban design.
基金“Promoting research by writing”:Exploring the code of writing,supported by the Special Fund for basic scientific research of the Central University,Northwestern Polytechnical University(project no.KCJS23WT25).“Research on the construction of the linking-up curriculum system:Taking the industry characteristic research university as an example”was established by the Ministry of Education’s Youth Fund for Humanities and Social Sciences,the Department of Social Sciences of the Ministry of Education(project no.23YJC880099).
文摘The development of women’s higher education in China can be divided into four stages:emergence(1908-1948);foundation(1949-1976);accelerating development(1977-2008);and the qualitative leap(2009-2020).This work considers the principal institutional mechanisms that contributed to this development.First,flexibly planned parenthood gradually promoted gender equality and openness in society facilitated by systematic“awards,grants,and loans”initiatives to support women’s higher education economically.Second,compulsory education ensured that left-out and migrant children had access to higher education.Third,effective connectivity across different education types bridged education gaps between those with different levels of education.Fourth,China made great efforts to invite and integrate international experiences that promoted the development of women’s higher education.Looking beyond these achievements,we also discuss the future trends of women’s higher education in China.
基金supported partly by the Fundamental Research Funds for Central Universities(No.06500203 and No.00007735).
文摘China is currently vigorously implementing the“energy conservation and emission reduction”and“dual carbon”strategies.As the most resource-advantaged light metal material in China,Magnesium(Mg)alloy is progressively expanding its application in automobile,rail transportation,aerospace,medical,and electronic products.Chongqing University,Shanghai Jiaotong University,and Australian National University have conducted extensive research on the preparation,properties,and processes of Mg alloys.In the past 20 years,the proportion of Mg alloy in the automotive industry has gradually expanded,whereas currently the design and development of Mg alloy parts for automobiles has rarely been reported.Thus,the application models and typical parts cases of Mg alloy are summarized mainly from the four systems of the whole vehicle(body system,chassis system,powertrain system,interior,and exterior system).Subsequently,two actual original equipment manufacturers(OEM)cases are used to introduce the development logic of reliable die-cast Mg alloy,including forward design,formability analysis,process design analysis,structural redesign,manufacturing,and testing,aiming to share the methods,processes,and focus of attention of automotive OEMs for developing Mg alloy parts to enhance the confidence and motivation of applying Mg alloy in automotive field.Eventually,the multiple challenges faced by Mg alloy materials are sorted out and how to face these challenges are discussed.National policies and regulations,environmental protection and energy saving,and consumer demand will continue to promote the application of Mg.
文摘Machine Translation are increasingly welcomed and used during recent years with the commonly application of Internet and the acceleration of the integration of world economy. To know about the history and development process of Machine Translation during 1930s-1970 s could help researchers gain new insights through restudying old material.
基金the National Natural Science foundation of China! (59995440)
文摘This paper reviewed the trend and development of semi-solid metal technique. The processes and mechanisms for producing slurry of SSM and its industrial applications have been summarized and discussed. Discussions on the basic rheological theory are presented for more applications. Further consideration of the development and application of SSM technique is also proposed.
文摘The next generation of advanced light sources requires photons with large average flux and high brightness,which needs advanced electron gun matched with excellent photocathode materials. K_2CsSb photocathode has the advantages of high quantum efficiency, long lifetime and instantaneous response. This study introduces the design of a set of K_2CsSb photocathode preparation systems and detailed preparation process of K_2CsSb photocathodes, including sequential deposition process and co-deposition process, and finally develops a K_2CsSb photocathode. The influence of laser power on the quantum efficiency is also investigated.
文摘he design verification steps that take place in today’s automotive industry, which constitute the values of each successive or simultaneous phase in the new product development process, create a complex structure with the inclusion of each new technology and discipline. Therefore, step by step, each design verification phase definition in the flow contains important phase transition measurements or approval tolerances that ensure the simplicity and continuity of vehicle development processes. In addition, classification of design verification stages within the framework of this study or evaluation in two classes (static and dynamic) is a new approach, but it is a synthesis with the analysis of the new product development process. The vehicle’s basic structure, which constitutes the ergonomic and functional requirements of the vehicle in a static environment, takes into account the dynamic environment variables with crash or accident tests. Increasing new technology adaptations in the automotive industry have changed the new product development process that performs this function structurally and created the concept of design verification under consecutive or simultaneous process simplicity. From the autonomous driving to the use of alternative energy, possible accident scenarios and design verification phase transitions in the integration of parts and systems of the newly developed vehicle create a new structure that models and directs the lean product development process especially in the automotive industry in the coming days. In the lean product development process that takes place in the automotive industry, the design verification transition steps or the approval-control analysis of the development stages, which form a new and effective approach, are re-modeling the entire flow. Therefore, successful execution of design verification steps used in the control of new interdisciplinary product development phase transitions provides value creation.?Within the scope of this study, the effectiveness of the static and dynamic design verification steps, which are carried out in 5 global automotive companies included in the research, which constitute the stage transitions of the new product development process, has been measured. Apart from the design verification transition stages, the process variables that differ among the automotive companies involved in the research are excluded from the scope of this study. In other words, in field researches in the automotive industry, new vehicle design steps or basic engineering steps in the new product development process steps, while creating independent fixed variables, interdisciplinary collaborations, static and dynamic design verification transition stages they perform, or their sequence in the basic flow, is accepted as a dependent variable. Therefore, in the study, the positive effect of the automotive companies that included the static and dynamic design verification phase transition approvals in the lean product development process was investigated. Under the comparative analysis structure of the research, the effect of automotive companies, which accept international vehicle specifications as static design verification input, on market performance has been examined in depth. The detailed depth in the comparison analysis conducted under the second field studies of the study is due to the prediction of dynamic design verification stages to provide a high impact on the market performance, according to the static verification analysis. The new product development stages of the dependent variables were fixed and the flow-oriented?“effect”?of the independent variables in the basic process influenced by the design verification activities was analyzed under the new automotive industry company comparisons. In addition, the impact of the automotive design activities that make up the comparison analysis of the research on the scope of the lean product development stage and its effect on the basic process flow has been demonstrated competition-oriented. Therefore, sub-variables, options, criteria, results, which form a defined comparison problem, create basic test values that affect the problem.
基金financially supported from the Shanxi Youth Science Research Project(Grant No.20210302124067)the Shanxi Agricultural University Doctoral Research Startup Project(Grant No.2021BQ32)+2 种基金the Shanxi Provincial Doctoral Graduates and Postdoctoral ResearchersWorking in Shanxi Reward Fund Research Project(Grant No.SXBYKY2021075)the National Youth Science Foundation Project(Grant No.32202456)the earmarked fund for Modern Agro-Industry Technology Research System.
文摘Grape pistil has an important influence on fruit size and quality.However,there were few studies on grape ovary,and the development process of the ovary is still unclear.Therefore,in this paper,four different grape varieties with different lengths of small inflorescences,namely‘Musct Hambourg’grape(Vitis vinifera),‘Concord’grape(Vitis labrusca),‘ShanPuTao’grape(Vitis amurensis)and‘GongNiang2Hao’grape(Vitis amurensis×Vitis vinifera)were used as test materials.Four varieties ovary were significant differences by means of stereomicroscope,paraffin section.The expression of ovary determining gene VvAGAMOUS(VvAG)and its development related genes VvCRABS CLAW(VvCRC)and VvAGAMOUS-LIKE 11(VvAGL11)with similar functions during the development of different grape varieties were preliminarily explored using fluorescence quantitative test.The relationship between VvAG and VvCRC,VvAG and VvAGL11 were analyzed using Y1H assay.Our results showed that there were obvious abdominal sutures on the surface of expect for‘Musct Hambourg’grape,and existing poly carpels.The ovary development of‘ShanPuTao’and‘GongNiang2Hao’grape was completed when the inflorescence length was less than 1 cm,while the‘Concord’and‘Musct Hambourg’grape were fully developed when the length of inflorescence was 3–4 and 4–5 cm,respectively.VvAG and VvCRC began to express in large quantities after the formation of stamen primordia,while VvAGL11 during the forming of ovule primordia.Therefore,VvAG and VvCRC mainly regulated the development of stamens and carpels and also promote the development of ovules,while VvAGL11 major regulated the development of ovules.The promoters of VvCRC and VvAGL11 were bound by VvAG.This study provides an important theoretical basis for further research on the molecular mechanism of grape ovary development.
文摘The development and delivery of high quality therapeutic products necessitates the need for highthrough-put (HTP) process development tools. Traditionally, these works requires a combination of shake flask and small-scale stirred tank bioreactor (STR) which are labor and resource intensive and time-consuming. Here we demonstrate a strategy for rapid and robust cell culture process development by evaluating and implementing the use of a new HTP disposable micro bioreactor (MBR) called AMBRTM system (Advanced Microscale Bioreactor) that has the capabilities for automated sampling, feed addition, pH, dissolved oxygen (DO), gassing and agitation controls. In these studies the performance of two monoclonal antibody (MAb) producing cell lines (MAb1 and MAb2) was evaluated both in the AMBR system and 3-L STR. We demonstrated that cell culture performance (growth and viability, production titer and product quality) were similar in both vessel systems. Furthermore, process control and feed optimization were demonstrated in an additional cell line (MAb3) in the disposable MBR and its performance confirmed at STR scale. The results indicate that the AMBR system can be used to streamline the process development effort and facilitate a rapid and robust cell culture process development effort for MAb programs in a HTP manner.
基金supported by the Henan College Students Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program(202211070009 and 202211070016).
文摘Ultra-high temperature ceramic coatings have ultra-high melting points,excellent mechanical properties and high temperature ablation resistance.These unique performance combinations turn it into a promising material for use in extreme environment structures in rockets and hypersonic vehicles,particularly nozzles,leading edges and engine components.In this paper,various preparation methods of ultra-high temperature ceramic coatings were reviewed,including plasma spraying,chemical vapor deposition,pack cementation,slurry sintering,hot pressing and their research progress.Meanwhile,some new preparation methods of high temperature coatings,such as ion beam deposition,ultrasonic spraying,metal organic frame work coating,and magnetron sputtering,were introduced.The development trend of ultra-high temperature coatings was prospected as well.
基金Key Project of China National Natural Science Foundation (42230814,52234002)Research Program Foundation of Key Laboratory of Tectonics and Petroleum Resources (China University of Geosciences),Ministry of Education (TPR-2022-17)。
文摘From the perspective of geological zone selection for coalbed methane(CBM) development, the evaluation parameters(covering geological conditions and production conditions) of geological sweetspot for CBM development are determined, and the evaluation index system of geological sweetspot for CBM development is established. On this basis, the fuzzy pattern recognition(FPR) model of geological sweetspot for CBM development is built. The model is applied to evaluate four units of No.3 Coal Seam in the Fanzhuang Block, southern Qinshui Basin, China. The evaluation results are consistent with the actual development effect and the existing research results, which verifies the rationality and reliability of the FPR model. The research shows that the proposed FPR model of geological sweetspot for CBM development does not involve parameter weighting which leads to uncertainties in the results of the conventional models such as analytic hierarchy process and multi-level fuzzy synthesis judgment, and features a simple computation without the construction of multi-level judgment matrix. The FPR model provides reliable results to support the efficient development of CBM.
文摘Environmental impact assessment (EIA), a decision-making process for project appraisal and sustainability adopted globally as an administrative process to identify, predict, evaluate, and monitor projects from their feasibility, preconstruction, construction, and operation stages to mitigate the adverse impacts and enhance the beneficial impacts for the protection of the affected environment, The study objective is to explore global EIA systems and processes and find shortcomings and implications for making the best instrument or tool to protect the natural environment from man-made activities over the project cycle. For this, the relevant literature on the EIA system and process was reviewed and evaluated through the application of quantitative and qualitative approaches, including the assessment of legal instruments and the adoption of EIA methodologies in developing countries. EIA, initiated in the 1970s in the US and Australia, expanded to developing countries and was amended in East and Southeast Asia from the 1970s to the 2000s. The evaluation assessed that the South Asian countries follow UNEP and IAIA guidelines, utilizing national laws and expert consultations, with screening criteria and administrative processes based on established environmental legislation. Ad hoc, checklist, matrix, network, overlay, cost-benefit analysis, and predictive or simulation in EIA practice are used to assess the environmental impacts of development activities. Failure to recommend major projects undermines public trust and prevents mitigation measures from being implemented. Most developing countries have followed EIA to fulfill the legal requirement with shadow-off monitoring and follow-up rather than to upset, reduce, or compensate for the project impacts as per size, location, and severity of the project area. The research and guidelines outlined in the IAIA principles and process have synthesized the best EIA practices worldwide. Public participation, impact coverage, scientific mitigation, transparent evidence-based approaches, monitoring, follow-up, legitimate approaches, and future appraisal opportunities are major concerns to be included in best EIA practice.
基金Supported by Special Project for Research,Development,Demonstration and Extension of Applied Technology in Hainan Province(ZDXM2014101)
文摘Hainan's betel nut processing industry continues to develop,and the yield has reached 231000 t. There are some problems in betel nut industry such as unreasonable initial processing layout,processing capacity surplus,and deep processing industry lag. It is suggested that we should guide the initial processing layout of betel nut according to local conditions,and carry out overall deep processing planning of betel nut; support betel nut deep processing plant in the main producing areas,establish betel nut initial processing and deep processing serial production line,and develop new betel nut product; build betel nut production,processing,transport and marketing information database and market information early warning mechanism,and improve betel nut processing information service platform to timely provide information services and continuously develop betel nut industry.
文摘The IEC 61131-3 standard defines a model and a set of programming languages for the development of industrial automation software. It is widely accepted by industry and most of the commercial tool vendors advertise compliance with it. On the other side, Model Driven Development (MDD) has been proved as a quite successful paradigm in general-purpose computing. This was the motivation for exploiting the benefits of MDD in the industrial automation domain. With the emerging IEC 61131 specification that defines an object-oriented (OO) extension to the function block model, there will be a push to the industry to better exploit the benefits of MDD in automation systems development. This work discusses possible alternatives to integrate the current but also the emerging specification of IEC 61131 in the model driven development process of automation systems. IEC 61499, UML and SysML are considered as possible alternatives to allow the developer to work in higher layers of abstraction than the one supported by IEC 61131 and to more effectively move from requirement specifications into the implementation model of the system.
文摘基于Aspen Batch Process Developer软件对原料药工程设计进行应用研究。在某原料药项目中,通过软件建立工艺流程模拟模型,分析批次操作时间、年生产批次、年生产规模、物料衡算、设备选型和利用率、公用工程消耗等,在满足生产需求的情况下,达到优化生产排班、设备选型和公用工程量的目的。
基金supported by General Program of the National Natural Science Foundation of China"Research on Carbon Productivity and Low-carbon Competitiveness based on Steady-state Economics Theory"(Grant number 71173157)
文摘Since United Nations adopted the global Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs) for the next15 years(2016-2030), sustainable development will further become a core concept and main principle to guide global and national economic and social development. According to this background, strengthening the integrative research on the theories and methodologies of sustainable development has been a strategically important mission. This article provided an analytic framework for sustainability science, named the object-subject-process(OSP) framework for examining the key issues encountered during the theoretical research and policy analysis. This study emphasized that, on the object dimension, sustainable development means to seek for economic and social development within biophysical limits of the earth and the relationship of environment, society, and economy should be containing and complementary rather than parallel and substitute; on the process dimension, sustainable development should adopt both the responsive and proactive strategies for the whole process management which employing pressure-state-response(PRS) model rather than dealing with one part of them; on the subject dimension, sustainable development research should involve the key stakeholders who are kind of collaborate governance rather than separate each other. From the perspective of sustainability science, green economy was utilized as a case study to explore the issues of object, process and subject and also the significance of green economy was discussed in this study.