A new production component method for natural gas development planning

Based on an analysis of the limitations of conventional production component methods for natural gas development planning,this study proposes a new one that uses life cycle models for the trend fitting and prediction of production.In this new method,the annual production of old and new wells is predicted by year first and then is summed up to yield the production for the planning period.It shows that the changes in the production of old wells in old blocks can be fitted and predicted using the vapor pressure model(VPM),with precision of 80%e95%,which is 6.6%e13.2%higher than that of other life cycle models.Furthermore,a new production prediction process and method for new wells have been established based on this life cycle model to predict the production of medium-to-shallow gas reservoirs in western Sichuan Basin,with predication error of production rate in 2021 and 2022 being 6%and 3%respectively.The new method can be used to guide the medium-and long-term planning or annual scheme preparation for gas development.It is also applicable to planning for large single gas blocks that require continuous infill drilling and adjustment to improve gas recovery.

Study on the Coordination Mechanism Between Higher Vocational Students’Career Development Planning and School Management

The coordination mechanism between the career development planning of vocational students and the management of vocational colleges is an important means to improve the quality of education and students’vocational competitiveness.The application of synergy theory in the field of education emphasizes the interaction and coordination of various elements in the system and pursues the optimization of overall efficiency.Based on the theory of coordination and its relevance to the management of higher vocational colleges,this paper analyzes the current development status and problems of the coordination mechanism and puts forward the strategy of building an efficient coordination mechanism designed to enhance the students’employment competitiveness,promote the all-round development,and provide theoretical and practical support for the reform and development of higher vocational education.

Discussion and Application of Planning EIA Index System in the Industrial Development Region Based on Low Carbon Economy

Aimed at the low carbon economy and the characteristics of planning EIA in the industrial development region,the planning EIA index system which merged with the low carbon economy concept in the industrial development region was established.The construction planning of national eco-industrial park in Hefei High-tech Industrial Development Zone was comprehensively evaluated by using the gray correlation method.The evaluation results of considering and without considering the low carbon index were contrasted and were verified by using the improved entropy method.The results showed that the regional sustainable development index constantly rose,and the planning was reasonable.Moreover,the suggestions were also put forward to tackle the problems.

Urban Densification Strategy and Land Value in Tijuana,Baja California-The Opinion of Specialists

Specialists can provide opinions regarding the city and land value based on their specialized field.Professionals in these fields are identified as urban planners and valuators,who play a crucial role in the current dynamics of cities.They have a qualified opinion on city issues based on their professional practice in various areas of expertise.This opinion was obtained through the formulation and application of a questionnaire to specialists.Subsequently,the results were analyzed and graphically represented.In the discussion,several findings were found related to the relationship between land value and the urban densification policy established in the urban planning that governs the city of Tijuana,Baja California.The study investigated the behavior of the real estate market in the region and the establishment of a solid strategy toward densification.

T21 China 2050: A Tool for National Sustainable Development Planning

The Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs)of the United Nations 2030 Agenda are a key focus for implementing the Sustainable Development(SD)concept.But generally speaking,SD goals and targets are continuously evolving,country specific,complex to implement,and are often given relatively short time horizons,such as the 15-year horizon for the SDGs.Many SD issues need a much longer time horizon as the policy interventions to deal with these issues can take decades before their effects become apparent,which is especially true for China.The T21 China 2050 is developed to study the long-term SD challenges and opportunities of the country.In its business-as-usual simulation to 2050,T21 China 2050 reveals some of the sustainability challenges facing China,including 1)aging population and labor force decline,2)huge food imports,3)land degradation and loss of arable land,4)water shortages,5)huge fossil fuel imports,and 6)carbon dioxide emissions.These SD issues are a subset of the SDGs specifically relevant to China over a time horizon well beyond 2030.The model is then used to test possible policy interventions in these six areas under two separate scenarios:Balanced and Narrowly Focused.The major results from these two scenarios are compared with those of the business-as-usual scenario.The simulations show that by adopting certain policy measures,China’s path towards SD can be further improved.It also shows that a variety of policy measures can be selected and tested with the T21 China 2050 model for exploring the future SD prospects of the country.Specific policies recommended include:extension of retirement age,adjustment of the current family planning policy,protection of agriculture land,promotion of agricultural R&D to raise yield,improvement of public transportation to slow private vehicle ownership,increased investment in renewable energy,and water conservation.

Basic thoughts and practice of China's regional development planning in new period

Regional development planning is one of the 'hot spots' in the field of human geography in China Based on brief retrospection and reviewing of its development since the 1980s, this paper discusses the basic thoughts of regional development planning under the socialit market economy, i.e.,to work out planning of flexibility, sustainability, multi-objective coordination and high effective practicability. In line with these thoughts, the paper puts forwards boo countermeasure in the practice of working out a high effective regional developmed planning. These countermeasures are to strengthen research on market factors, to take the coordinated development between the economy,society and PRED as the main line of regional development to correctly deal with the relationship between qualitative analysis and quantitative research and to emphasize on researches of regional policies.

A deep reinforcement learning method for multi-stage equipment development planning in uncertain environments

Equipment development planning(EDP)is usually a long-term process often performed in an environment with high uncertainty.The traditional multi-stage dynamic programming cannot cope with this kind of uncertainty with unpredictable situations.To deal with this problem,a multi-stage EDP model based on a deep reinforcement learning(DRL)algorithm is proposed to respond quickly to any environmental changes within a reasonable range.Firstly,the basic problem of multi-stage EDP is described,and a mathematical planning model is constructed.Then,for two kinds of uncertainties(future capabi lity requirements and the amount of investment in each stage),a corresponding DRL framework is designed to define the environment,state,action,and reward function for multi-stage EDP.After that,the dueling deep Q-network(Dueling DQN)algorithm is used to solve the multi-stage EDP to generate an approximately optimal multi-stage equipment development scheme.Finally,a case of ten kinds of equipment in 100 possible environments,which are randomly generated,is used to test the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed models.The results show that the algorithm can respond instantaneously in any state of the multistage EDP environment and unlike traditional algorithms,the algorithm does not need to re-optimize the problem for any change in the environment.In addition,the algorithm can flexibly adjust at subsequent planning stages in the event of a change to the equipment capability requirements to adapt to the new requirements.

Underground space planning in Helsinki

This paper gives insight into the use of underground space in Helsinki,Finland.The city has an underground master plan(UMP) for its whole municipal area,not only for certain parts of the city.Further,the decision-making history of the UMP is described step-by-step.Some examples of underground space use in other cities are also given.The focus of this paper is on the sustainability issues related to urban underground space use,including its contribution to an environmentally sustainable and aesthetically acceptable landscape,anticipated structural longevity and maintaining the opportunity for urban development by future generations.Underground planning enhances overall safety and economy efficiency.The need for underground space use in city areas has grown rapidly since the 21 st century;at the same time,the necessity to control construction work has also increased.The UMP of Helsinki reserves designated space for public and private utilities in various underground areas of bedrock over the long term.The plan also provides the framework for managing and controlling the city’s underground construction work and allows suitable locations to be allocated for underground facilities.Tampere,the third most populated city in Finland and the biggest inland city in the Nordic countries,is also a good example of a city that is taking steps to utilise underground resources.Oulu,the capital city of northern Finland,has also started to ‘go underground’.An example of the possibility to combine two cities by an 80-km subsea tunnel is also discussed.A new fixed link would generate huge potential for the capital areas of Finland and Estonia to become a real Helsinki-Tallinn twin city.

Study on Development of the West of Shandong Province Based on Overall Regional Development Planning Pattern

The overall regional development planning pattern has been considered to be a new and effective pattern as for development of provincial economy.The article analyzed the current conditions of the west of Shandong Province and tried to find the generation mechanisms of current non-balanced economic development of Shandong Province.And then approaches to regional development were put forward according to the theory of regional development pattern as a whole.

Integrating Climate Change Factors into Environmental Planning Innovation of the National 12^(th) Five Year Development Plan towards Climate Change in China

Effects on sustainable development of climate change have been going further nowadays.National Five Year Development Plan in China should have specific policies on how to take climate change impacts into account through the environmental planning.Key fields distribute in three levels of natural bearing capacity,production system and human settlements,and include seven aspects:ecosystems,water resources,disasters and risks,low-carbon economy,vulnerable departments,urbanization,and coastland.

Environmental impacts assessment for hydropower development planning in China

This article briefly introduced China’s law framework and technical standards related to environmental impacts assessment(EIA) for hydropower development, and the EIA developing process for hydropower development planning. Authors summarized the working experiences about hydropower development planning EIA done in the recent years in China, discussed the considerations and methods of hydropower development planning EIA, and put forward the index system for hydropower development planning EIA initially.

Overall Planning of Development of Urban-Rural Areas:A Policy Mechanism for Urban-Rural Coordinated Growth

While analyzing overall planning and coordinated development of urban-rural areas, this paper shows that overall planning for the development of urban-rural areas is a requirement for the best use of productive forces. It means the setting up of a policy mechanism for coordinated growth. Recognizing this, the government should set up a way to lead and manage a unified program to increase service and decrease controlling administration power, while safeguarding and fulfilling the farmers' ownership to the means of production.

Problems of Planning for Power Industry in China

On the basis of summing up the development of electric power industry in the 10th Five-Year Plan period, the idea of electric power development planning from 2006 to 2020 is presented. The authors analyzed ten main problems that existed in electric development during the 10th Five-Year Plan period, forecasted the electricity generation from 2006 to 2020, put forward the development strategy of power industry, discussed the component and development program of hydropower, thermal power, nuclear power, natural gas power and renewable power, outlined the present situations of six regional power grids, power transmission from western to eastern regions, UHV AC/DC power transmission and nationwide power grid interconnections, and finally gave out seven suggestions about electric power development in the future.

Domestic Tourism Development Planning Research Review

The domestic tourism development planning began in 1985. According to the research achievement distribution situation, tourism development planning research can be divided into initial stage（ 1985-1998）, development stage（1999-2004） and prosperous stage（2005 till now）. The research achievement has the features of earlier academic research start, slow quantity increase, rapid growth of newspaper quantity, wide distribution of region, research achievement total increase speed slower than social scientific research achievement quantity growth. The research has three aspects of problems： one is insufficient academic research system; two is report lacks of depth, continuity and unity; three is research achievement has overall decreasing trend. The domestic tourism development planning should strengthen the theoretical research, combine with theory and practice; strengthen thematic reports, mining depth information, and give full play to supervision function.

The Department of Social Development of the State Planning Commission

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THE DEVELOPMENT PLANNING OF CHINA NATIONAL SERVICE STANDARD OF 2005-2008

According to the prime task of ''readjusting industrial structure,energetically developing service industry, completing service standards and promoting servicelevel'', which are raised in the 10th Five-Year Plan Outline of National Economy and SocialDevelopment, Standardization Administration of China (SAC), National Development and ReformCommission, Ministry of Civil Affairs of the People'' s Republic of China, Ministry of Constructionof P.R.C, Ministry of Commerce of the People''s Republic of China, Ministry of Culture of the People''s Republic of China, the People''s Bank of China, General Administration of Quality Supervision,Inspection and Quarantine of P.R.C (AQSIQ), the State Administration of Radio, Film and Television,State General Administration of Sport, National Tourism Administration, China Seismological Bureau,China Meteorological Administration, China Insurance Regulatory Commission, State Post Bureau, StateCultural Relics, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine Bureau, China NationalTechnical Committee 264 on Service of Standardization Administration of China, China Consumers''Association and China National Institute of Standardization had compiled and officially ratified theDevelopment Planning of National Service Standard 2005-2008 by the end of 2005.