A review of the literature indicates that,currently,Ethiopia is now beyond the bounds of fragility.The purpose of the study was to investigate whether Ethiopia was experiencing fragility.After a review of the literatu...A review of the literature indicates that,currently,Ethiopia is now beyond the bounds of fragility.The purpose of the study was to investigate whether Ethiopia was experiencing fragility.After a review of the literature on fragility,a theoretical framework lens on fragility was developed to empirically test Ethiopia’s current condition.A longitudinal analysis indicates that before 2018,Ethiopia was regarded as the central economic engine of sub-Saharan Africa.However,as the current regime reversed Ethiopia’s developmental state model and moved to follow a neo-liberal model,Ethiopia’s economy has gradually diminished.More specifically,during the current regime,Ethiopia has experienced a decline in its Gross Domestic Product,faced rampant unemployment,and encountered an increase in inflation.Its foreign exchange currency reserves have declined below the three-month threshold of hard currency required for a country to import goods and services,and its external debt has extended beyond the country’s GDP.By encouraging armed conflict and widespread insurgencies,the current regime has caused social tension and deep humanitarian crises in Ethiopia-resulting in devastation of health and school facilities and causing more than five million Ethiopians to be displaced.Finally,failing to provide leadership to his people,the current regime in Ethiopia has willingly allowed the incursion of Ethiopia’s sovereignty by foreign forces.The conclusion of the study is that,when observed through the lens of fragility using a longitudinal framework,currently,Ethiopia has traversed beyond fragility and seems to be heading toward balkanization.展开更多
Modern hydrobiology,mainly,is based on conception,which may be named Conception of unicity of ecosystem stable state(CUESS):Mature ecosystems are stable and in dynamic equilibrium.Ecosystem state fluctuates around
The Chinese government set up the State Development Bank against the background of the Chinese economic system being transformed from planned to market. In May 1995, the State Development Investment Corporation was es...The Chinese government set up the State Development Bank against the background of the Chinese economic system being transformed from planned to market. In May 1995, the State Development Investment Corporation was established. Does this mean that China’s investment system reform is advancing at a much展开更多
Economic growth and environmental "friendliness" are the dual missions of China's grand western development. In the past eight years,China has seen the gap between eastern and western regions still widen...Economic growth and environmental "friendliness" are the dual missions of China's grand western development. In the past eight years,China has seen the gap between eastern and western regions still widening while also taking on the arduous task of protecting nature,ecology and environment in the western region. How has western development fared in the past eight years? What difficulties and challenges are being encountered? The development of the western region poses the single greatest difficulty facing China's regional economic development,but how can we advance along a "sound and fast" development path? The establishment of economic zones in Chengdu and Chongqing,Guanzhong and North Bay has opened up new possibilities and expectations for western China's economic development.展开更多
The establishment of the State Power Grid Development Corp Ltd(SPG) was officially announced on June 18, marking the government’s determination to form a nationwide united power network to make the best of power gene...The establishment of the State Power Grid Development Corp Ltd(SPG) was officially announced on June 18, marking the government’s determination to form a nationwide united power network to make the best of power generating capability. The State-owned corporation, with 2.5 billion yuan ($301 million) worth of operating capital raised by the government, will be responsible for investment. construction and management of the power transmission and substation projects involved in the construction of the Three Gorges Project.展开更多
Based on the review of the papers and other related material submitted to the conference, the status quo and developmental trends of geocryology is briefly discussed.
Since the founding of New China in 1949, according to the Constitution of the People＇s Republic of China, the central government has made it a basic state policy to help ethnic minorities-inhabited border areas with ...Since the founding of New China in 1949, according to the Constitution of the People＇s Republic of China, the central government has made it a basic state policy to help ethnic minorities-inhabited border areas with their political, economic and cultural development, and to lead all the ethnic groups of China onto the road to common prosperity.展开更多
How do South Korea's developmental legacies influence its contemporary political economy?The discourse surrounding this question has tended to diverge over the extent to which South Korea's state-led developme...How do South Korea's developmental legacies influence its contemporary political economy?The discourse surrounding this question has tended to diverge over the extent to which South Korea's state-led developmental model has been supplanted by a market-led,neoliberal mode of political-economic organization Though this debate has indeed fostered many important individual contributions,it has also yielded a muddled and ambiguous theoretical landscape.To clarify this cluttered terrain,this paper draws from recent advances in the study of neoliberalism to establish critical points of consonance between statist perspectives on Korean development and neoliberalism To this end,it identifies key threads of continuity binding South Korea's developmental past with its neoliberal present.The paper finds that critical aspects of the developmental state's interaction with society,from coercion to ideological suasion furnished elemental building blocks to those actively constructing a South Korean neoliberalism Thus,exploring these historical contours producesa fresh means for apprehending the interactions of enduring statist developmental legacies with contemporary neoliberal reforms,both theoretically and empirically.As such,this study yields an improved set of conceptual tools for grasping the complex empirical phenomena shaping the interplay of neoliberalism,developmentalism,and democracy within contemporary South Korea.展开更多
On May 16,2019,the CPC Central Committee and the State Council issued Outline of Digital Village Development Strategy(shortened into the Outline in the following part),together with a notice requiring discreet impleme...On May 16,2019,the CPC Central Committee and the State Council issued Outline of Digital Village Development Strategy(shortened into the Outline in the following part),together with a notice requiring discreet implementation by related departments in all areas.The Outline points out that by 2020,a primary progress should be achieved in the field of digital village construction.The coverage rate of 4G in administrative villages of the country should be more than 98%,and the popularization rate of internet connection should be significantly promoted in the rural area.展开更多
We examine the extent to which Chinese development banks have financed the globalization of China＇s ＂national champion ＂firms： specifically, through outward foreign direct investment （OFDI）. We create a database...We examine the extent to which Chinese development banks have financed the globalization of China＇s ＂national champion ＂firms： specifically, through outward foreign direct investment （OFDI）. We create a database of Chinese fnance for OFDI and compare our results to the existing literature and available data on Japan, Korea and other Asian nations. We estimate the total value of China＇s OFDI finance from 2002 to 2012 at US$14Obn. As a percentage of total OFDI, China＇s lending is roughly three times higher than Japan ＇s, the previous global leader in OFDl finance. We identify two major reasons for China＇s high （31 percent） ratio of OFDl lending to total OFDI. First, China has a greater incentive to give OFDI loans than Japan or Korea ever did because its borrowers are statelowned so it can more easily channel funds to targeted areas. Second, China has a greater capacity to give OFDI loans because it has significantly higher savings and foreign exchange reserves than Japan and Korea.展开更多
To explain China＇s dramatic economic growth, researchers have proposed a ＂tournament thesis. ＂＂ According to this thesis, the central government＇s ability to set growth targets has played a crucial role in growth...To explain China＇s dramatic economic growth, researchers have proposed a ＂tournament thesis. ＂＂ According to this thesis, the central government＇s ability to set growth targets has played a crucial role in growth since political promotion is largely based on local economic growth. We use provincial officials＂ career mobility data to test this thesis. For both time periods （1979-1995 and 1979-2002）, economic performance, measured in annual, average and relative terms, did not affect these officials＇ career advancement. We then sketch an alternative analytical framework to explain Chinese local officials＇ strong urge for developmentalism and, finally, draw policy implications from this explanatory framework.展开更多
文摘A review of the literature indicates that,currently,Ethiopia is now beyond the bounds of fragility.The purpose of the study was to investigate whether Ethiopia was experiencing fragility.After a review of the literature on fragility,a theoretical framework lens on fragility was developed to empirically test Ethiopia’s current condition.A longitudinal analysis indicates that before 2018,Ethiopia was regarded as the central economic engine of sub-Saharan Africa.However,as the current regime reversed Ethiopia’s developmental state model and moved to follow a neo-liberal model,Ethiopia’s economy has gradually diminished.More specifically,during the current regime,Ethiopia has experienced a decline in its Gross Domestic Product,faced rampant unemployment,and encountered an increase in inflation.Its foreign exchange currency reserves have declined below the three-month threshold of hard currency required for a country to import goods and services,and its external debt has extended beyond the country’s GDP.By encouraging armed conflict and widespread insurgencies,the current regime has caused social tension and deep humanitarian crises in Ethiopia-resulting in devastation of health and school facilities and causing more than five million Ethiopians to be displaced.Finally,failing to provide leadership to his people,the current regime in Ethiopia has willingly allowed the incursion of Ethiopia’s sovereignty by foreign forces.The conclusion of the study is that,when observed through the lens of fragility using a longitudinal framework,currently,Ethiopia has traversed beyond fragility and seems to be heading toward balkanization.
文摘Modern hydrobiology,mainly,is based on conception,which may be named Conception of unicity of ecosystem stable state(CUESS):Mature ecosystems are stable and in dynamic equilibrium.Ecosystem state fluctuates around
文摘The Chinese government set up the State Development Bank against the background of the Chinese economic system being transformed from planned to market. In May 1995, the State Development Investment Corporation was established. Does this mean that China’s investment system reform is advancing at a much
文摘Economic growth and environmental "friendliness" are the dual missions of China's grand western development. In the past eight years,China has seen the gap between eastern and western regions still widening while also taking on the arduous task of protecting nature,ecology and environment in the western region. How has western development fared in the past eight years? What difficulties and challenges are being encountered? The development of the western region poses the single greatest difficulty facing China's regional economic development,but how can we advance along a "sound and fast" development path? The establishment of economic zones in Chengdu and Chongqing,Guanzhong and North Bay has opened up new possibilities and expectations for western China's economic development.
文摘The establishment of the State Power Grid Development Corp Ltd(SPG) was officially announced on June 18, marking the government’s determination to form a nationwide united power network to make the best of power generating capability. The State-owned corporation, with 2.5 billion yuan ($301 million) worth of operating capital raised by the government, will be responsible for investment. construction and management of the power transmission and substation projects involved in the construction of the Three Gorges Project.
文摘Based on the review of the papers and other related material submitted to the conference, the status quo and developmental trends of geocryology is briefly discussed.
文摘Since the founding of New China in 1949, according to the Constitution of the People＇s Republic of China, the central government has made it a basic state policy to help ethnic minorities-inhabited border areas with their political, economic and cultural development, and to lead all the ethnic groups of China onto the road to common prosperity.
文摘How do South Korea's developmental legacies influence its contemporary political economy?The discourse surrounding this question has tended to diverge over the extent to which South Korea's state-led developmental model has been supplanted by a market-led,neoliberal mode of political-economic organization Though this debate has indeed fostered many important individual contributions,it has also yielded a muddled and ambiguous theoretical landscape.To clarify this cluttered terrain,this paper draws from recent advances in the study of neoliberalism to establish critical points of consonance between statist perspectives on Korean development and neoliberalism To this end,it identifies key threads of continuity binding South Korea's developmental past with its neoliberal present.The paper finds that critical aspects of the developmental state's interaction with society,from coercion to ideological suasion furnished elemental building blocks to those actively constructing a South Korean neoliberalism Thus,exploring these historical contours producesa fresh means for apprehending the interactions of enduring statist developmental legacies with contemporary neoliberal reforms,both theoretically and empirically.As such,this study yields an improved set of conceptual tools for grasping the complex empirical phenomena shaping the interplay of neoliberalism,developmentalism,and democracy within contemporary South Korea.
文摘On May 16,2019,the CPC Central Committee and the State Council issued Outline of Digital Village Development Strategy(shortened into the Outline in the following part),together with a notice requiring discreet implementation by related departments in all areas.The Outline points out that by 2020,a primary progress should be achieved in the field of digital village construction.The coverage rate of 4G in administrative villages of the country should be more than 98%,and the popularization rate of internet connection should be significantly promoted in the rural area.
文摘We examine the extent to which Chinese development banks have financed the globalization of China＇s ＂national champion ＂firms： specifically, through outward foreign direct investment （OFDI）. We create a database of Chinese fnance for OFDI and compare our results to the existing literature and available data on Japan, Korea and other Asian nations. We estimate the total value of China＇s OFDI finance from 2002 to 2012 at US$14Obn. As a percentage of total OFDI, China＇s lending is roughly three times higher than Japan ＇s, the previous global leader in OFDl finance. We identify two major reasons for China＇s high （31 percent） ratio of OFDl lending to total OFDI. First, China has a greater incentive to give OFDI loans than Japan or Korea ever did because its borrowers are statelowned so it can more easily channel funds to targeted areas. Second, China has a greater capacity to give OFDI loans because it has significantly higher savings and foreign exchange reserves than Japan and Korea.
基金financial support from the China National Social Science Foundation key project(11-ZD037)the British SPF fund+1 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities the Research Funds of Renmin University of China over our fieldwork in the past several years
文摘To explain China＇s dramatic economic growth, researchers have proposed a ＂tournament thesis. ＂＂ According to this thesis, the central government＇s ability to set growth targets has played a crucial role in growth since political promotion is largely based on local economic growth. We use provincial officials＂ career mobility data to test this thesis. For both time periods （1979-1995 and 1979-2002）, economic performance, measured in annual, average and relative terms, did not affect these officials＇ career advancement. We then sketch an alternative analytical framework to explain Chinese local officials＇ strong urge for developmentalism and, finally, draw policy implications from this explanatory framework.
