Single-cell profiling of the pig cecum at various developmental stages

The gastrointestinal tract is essential for food digestion,nutrient absorption,waste elimination,and microbial defense.Single-cell transcriptome profiling of the intestinal tract has greatly enriched our understanding of cellular diversity,functional heterogeneity,and their importance in intestinal tract development and disease.Although such profiling has been extensively conducted in humans and mice,the single-cell gene expression landscape of the pig cecum remains unexplored.Here,single-cell RNA sequencing was performed on 45572 cells obtained from seven cecal samples in pigs at four different developmental stages(days(D)30,42,150,and 730).Analysis revealed 12 major cell types and 38 subtypes,as well as their distinctive genes,transcription factors,and regulons,many of which were conserved in humans.An increase in the relative proportions of CD8^(+)T and Granzyme A(low expression)natural killer T cells(GZMA^(low)NKT)cells and a decrease in the relative proportions of epithelial stem cells,Tregs,RHEX^(+)T cells,and plasmacytoid dendritic cells(pDCs)were noted across the developmental stages.Moreover,the post-weaning period exhibited an up-regulation in mitochondrial genes,COX2 and ND2,as well as genes involved in immune activation in multiple cell types.Cell-cell crosstalk analysis indicated that IBP6^(+)fibroblasts were the main signal senders at D30,whereas IBP6^(−)fibroblasts assumed this role at the other stages.NKT cells established interactions with epithelial cells and IBP6^(+)fibroblasts in the D730 cecum through mediation of GZMA-F2RL1/F2RL2 pairs.This study provides valuable insights into cellular heterogeneity and function in the pig cecum at different development stages.

Do Victims Defend Victims?The Mediating Role of Empathy between Victimization Experience and Public-Defending Tendency in School Bullying Situations

Objectives:This study investigates the association between victimization experience and the tendency to defend on behalf of victims during school bullying incidents in public settings,with a focus on the mediating effect of empathy and the moderating role of school level among Chinese children and adolescents.Methods:Data were collected by a cross-sectional survey.A total of 1491 students in Grades 4–11 participated(Boys=52.8%;Mean_(age)=13.00 years,Standard Deviation_(age)=2.31).Structural equation modeling is employed to test the hypotheses.Results:The results indicate that empathy measures partially mediate the relationship between victimization experience and defending tendency in public in-school bullying situations.In particular,individuals with a history of victimization typically demonstrate lower levels of empathy.They are less likely to protect victims in school bullying situations in the presence of others,which suggests that empathy plays a significant mediating role in this relationship.Group differences were found between primary and secondary school students,which indicates that the hypothesized model should be considered through a developmental perspective.Conclusions:The findings of this study emphasize the importance of children’s benign peer relationships,and practitioners are encouraged to prevent victimization in schools and care for students who have been victimized;specific measures include cultivating empathy,teaching defending skills that have been found to help reduce the adverse effects of victimization,and encouraging prosocial behavior during children's socialization development.

Parental Psychological Control and Internet Gaming Disorder Tendency:A Moderated Mediation Model of Core Self-Evaluation and Intentional Self-Regulation

Internet gaming disorder(IGD)among junior high school students is an increasingly prominent mental health concern.It is important to look for influences behind internet gaming disorder tendency(IGDT)in the junior high school student population.The present study aimed to reveal the explanatory mechanisms underlying the association between parental psychological control(PPC)and internet gaming disorder tendency among junior high school students by testing the mediating role of core self-evaluation(CSE)and the moderating role of intentional self-regulation(ISR).Participants in present study were 735 Chinese junior high school students who completed offline self-report questionnaires on parental psychological control,core self-evaluation,intentional self-regulation,and Internet gaming disorder tendency.Analyses were conducted via mediation and moderated mediation.The results showed that:(1)Parental psychological control was positively related to junior high school students’Internet gaming disorder tendency.Core self-evaluation,and intentional self-regulation were negatively related to junior high school students’Internet gaming disorder tendency,respectively.(2)Core self-evaluation partially mediated the relationship between parental psychological control and junior high school students’Internet gaming disorder tendency.(3)Intentional self-regulation moderated the association between parental psychological control and Internet gaming disorder tendency,as well as the relationships between parental psychological control and core self-evaluation and core self-evaluation and Internet gaming disorder tendency in the mediated model.Based on these findings,we believe that there is a need to weaken parental psychological control,strengthen junior high school students’core self-evaluation and intentional self-regulation,and to recognize the important role of parents as well as their children’s personal positive traits in the healthy development of junior high school students.

An Analysis of Specific Categories of Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities for Children of Participants of the Air Force Health Study

Background: The Air Force Health Study collected reproductive outcomes for live-born children of male Air Force veterans of the Vietnam War. Methods: Dioxin values for participants were obtained from blood samples. Analyses were conducted of occurrence of 16 specific categories of birth defects and developmental disabilities. Children were categorized as conceived before and after the start of participants’ Vietnam War service. Children conceived before the start of Vietnam War service were treated as being conceived when their fathers had unquantifiable dioxin values. Children conceived after the start of Vietnam War service for participants with missing dioxin values were excluded from primary analyses, but were used to assess the impact of their exclusion on conclusions. Correlation between values for specific categories for multiple children fathered by the same participant was accounted for. The dose-response relationship was treated as a step function increasing for dioxin values larger than adaptively identified individual thresholds changing with the specific category. Results: For 15 of 16 specific categories, the probability of occurrence increased substantially for a sufficiently high dioxin level above identified thresholds. Exclusion of children due to missing dioxin likely did not affect these results. Conclusions: Results supported the conclusion of substantial adverse effects on a wide variety of specific categories of birth defects and developmental disabilities due to sufficiently high exposures to dioxin, a toxic contaminant of Agent Orange used for herbicide spraying in the Vietnam War. Results may hold more generally, but might also have been affected by a variety of limitations.

Incubation temperature induced developmental plasticity of cold responsive physiological phenotypes in Japanese Quails

Embryonic development is a critical period for phenotype formation.Environmental variation during embryonic development can induce changes in postnatal phenotypes of animals.The thyroxine secretion and aerobic metabolic activity of small birds are important phenotypes closely related to their winter survival.In the context of climate change,it is necessary to determine whether temperature variation during incubation in birds leads to developmental plasticity of these cold responsive phenotypes.We incubated Japanese Quail(Coturnix japonica)eggs at 36.8℃,37.8℃,and 38.8℃,and raised the chicks to 35-day old at 22℃with same raising conditions,then all the quails were exposed to gradually temperature dropping environment(from 15℃to 0℃).After cold treatment,serum T3 level,resting metabolic rate,skeletal muscle and liver metabolomes of the birds were measured.The serum T3 levels were significantly lower in the 38.8℃group and significantly higher in the 36.8℃group compared to the 37.8℃group.The metabolic rate in the 38.8℃group was significantly lower compared to the 37.8℃group.Compared with the 37.8℃group,metabolites involved in the tricarboxylic acid cycle in the liver were significantly lower in the 38.8℃group,and metabolites related to lipid oxidation metabolism and fatty acid biosynthesis were significantly lower in the skeletal muscles in the 38.8℃group but significantly higher in the 36.8℃group.These results indicate that incubation temperature variation can lead to developmental plasticity in cold responsive physiological phenotypes.Higher incubation temperature may impair the capacity of birds coping with cold challenge.

Morphological characteristics,developmental dynamics,and gene temporal expressions across various development stages of Aphis gossypii sexual female

Background Aphis gossypii(Hemiptera:Aphididae)is a worldwide polyphagous phloem-feeding agricultural pest,and it can produce offspring by sexual or asexual reproduction.Compared with dozens of generations by parthenogenesis,sexual reproduction is performed in only one generation within one year,and little is known about the sexual reproduction of A.gossypii.In this study,sexual females of A.gossypii were successfully obtained through a previously established induction platform,and the morphological characteristics,developmental dynamics,and temporal gene expression were examined.Subsequently,signaling pathways potentially involved in regulating the growth,development,and reproduction of sexual females were investigated.Results The morphological observation showed that from the 1st instar nymph to adult,sexual females exhibited a gradually deepened body color,an enlarged body size,longer antennae with a blackened end,and obviously protruding cauda(in adulthood).The anatomy found that the ovaries of sexual females developed rapidly from the 2^(nd)instar nymph,and the embedded oocytes matured in adulthood.In addition,time-course transcriptome analysis revealed that gene expression profiles across the development of sexual females fell into 9 clusters with distinct patterns,in which gene expression levels in clusters 1,5,and 8 peaked at the 2^(nd)instar nymphal stage with the largest number of up-regulated genes,suggesting that the 2^(nd)instar nymph was an important ovary development period.Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)pathway enrichment analysis revealed that a large number of genes in the sexual female adult were enriched in the TGF-beta signaling pathway and Forkhead box O(FoxO)signaling pathway,highlighting their important role in sexual female adult development and reproduction.Conclusion The morphological changes of the sexual female at each developmental stage were revealed for the first time.In addition,time-course transcriptomic analyses suggest genes enriched in the TGF-beta signaling pathway and FoxO signaling pathway probably contribute to regulating the development and oocyte maturation of sexual females.Overall,these findings will facilitate the regulating mechanism research in the growth and development of sexual females by providing candidate genes.

Treatment of bilateral developmental dysplasia of the hip joint with an improved technique:A case report

BACKGROUND Developmental dysplasia of the hip(DDH)is a common osteoarticular deformity in pediatric orthopedics.A patient with bilateral DDH was diagnosed and treated using our improved technique"(powerful overturning acetabuloplasty)"combined with femoral rotational shortening osteotomy.CASE SUMMARY A 4-year-old girl who was diagnosed with bilateral DDH could not stand normally,and sought surgical treatment to solve the problem of double hip extension and standing.As this child had high dislocation of the hip joint and the acetabular index was high,we changed the traditional acetabuloplasty to"powerful turnover acetabuloplasty"combined with femoral rotation shortening osteotomy.During the short-term postoperative follow-up(1,3,6,9,12,and 15 months),the child had no discomfort in her lower limbs.After the braces and internal fixation plates were removed,formal rehabilitation training was actively carried out.CONCLUSION Our"powerful overturning acetabuloplasty"combined with femoral rotational shortening osteotomy is feasible in the treatment of DDH in children.This technology may be widely used in the clinic.

Bibliographical Review on Rehabilitation of Executive Functions in Patients With Developmental Coordination Disorder(DCD)

The present study aims to establish a literature review on intervention programs for executive functions(EFs)through the use of fundamental motor skills,from a neuropsychopedagogical perspective in subjects with Developmental Coordination Disorder(DCD).An exploratory study was carried out through an integrative literature review.The research was carried out in the Scientific databases Electronic Library Online(SciELO),Latin American and Caribbean Literature in Health Sciences(LILACS),Virtual Health Library-Psychology Brazil(BVSPSI),Electronic Journals of Psychology(PePSIC),in the periodicals available in the Brazilian Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations(BDTD)and on the website of the Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel(CAPES).The covering publications took place from 2018 to 2023,14 articles were selected for analysis.This literature review made it possible to create strategies for stimulating EF and Visuomotor Functions so that educators and other professionals can better deal with students with DCD.It was perceived the need to carry out and develop more empirical research regarding the intervention of EFs and Visuomotor Functions by educators and professionals,with a greater sampling amplitude,to increase the number of studies that enable interventions both in children and in teenagers with DCD.

Total hip arthroplasty preoperative planning for childhood hip disorders’sequelae:Focus on developmental dysplasia of the hip

Developmental dysplasia of the hip(DDH)poses significant challenges in both childhood and adulthood,affecting up to 10 per 1000 live births in the United Kingdom and United States.While newborn screening aims to detect DDH early,missed diagnoses can lead to severe complications such as hip dysplasia and early onset osteoarthritis in adults.Treatment options range from less invasive procedures like hip-preserving surgery to more extensive interventions such as total hip arthroplasty(THA),depending on the severity of the condition.Preoperative planning plays a critical role in optimizing surgical outcomes for DDH patients undergoing THA.This includes accurate imaging modalities,precise measurement of acetabular bone stock,assessment of femoral head subluxation,and predicting prosthesis size and leg length discrepancy.Recent advancements artificial intelligence and machine learning offer promising tools to enhance preoperative planning accuracy.However,challenges remain in validating these technologies and integrating them into clinical practice.This editorial highlights the importance of ongoing research to refine preoperative strategies and improve outcomes in DDH management through evidence-based approaches and technological innovations.

Occupational therapy's role in promoting the“Learn the Signs.Act Early.”developmental monitoring program to public health employees

Background:Occupational therapists can play a key role in early identifica-tion of delay at the population health level by providing education to public health employees on how to implement developmental monitoring with caregivers of children birth to age 5.Methods:A pretest posttest design was utilized to assess the online education and training that was provided to Department of Public Health employees(N=339),including Head Start,Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women,Infants and Children,Home Visiting,and Early Intervention.Results:Analysis of pretest‐posttest survey data showed significant results for all 12 key learning outcomes.Six out of 12 outcomes were found to have a large effect size(d>0.8),4 outcomes indicated a medium effect size(d>0.5),and 2 outcomes had a small effect size(d>0.2).Participants gained knowledge of the“Learn the Signs.Act Early.”(LTSAE)developmental monitoring program,the difference between developmental monitoring and screening,the state's referral system and age‐appropriate parental engagement activities through knowledge of child development.Conclusions:Occupational therapists are child development specialists who can provide education on developmental monitoring and activities for parental engagement.The online course proved to be an effective platform to promote LTSAE within state agencies.

儿童粗大动作发展特征与汉语发展性阅读障碍的关联

目的:探究儿童粗大动作发展特征与汉语发展性阅读障碍(DD)的关联。方法:从北京市某三甲医院精神专科门诊招募27名7~10岁确诊汉语DD儿童,从北京某普通小学招募年龄、性别、总智商相匹配的27名儿童为对照组。采用儿童粗大动作发展测试量表第三版(TGMD-3)、儿童发育协调障碍评估工具(M-ABC)中动静态平衡测验评估被试儿童的粗大动作发展水平。采用小学生识字量测试题库及评价量表、一分钟读字、小学生阅读能力测评评估被试阅读能力。结果:汉语DD儿童TGMD-3总分、位移动作总分、物控动作总分、动静态平衡得分均低于对照组(P<0.05)。Logistic回归分析显示动静态平衡得分、位移动作总分、物控动作总分和TGMD-3总分与患有阅读障碍负关联(OR=3.08、1.35、1.16、1.13,均P<0.05)。结论:儿童粗大动作发展落后与汉语发展性阅读障碍有关联。

不同生长年份牛大力根淀粉和蔗糖代谢途径转录组分析

牛大力是一种重要的多年生药食同源植物,其主要成分为淀粉和糖类。为了探究不同生长年份牛大力根淀粉和糖类物质合成的规律及其内在基因调控网络,本研究以3年生(NG3)、7年生(NG7)、10年生(NG10)和15年生(NG15)4个生长年份的牛大力根为研究对象,测定总多糖、淀粉和蔗糖的含量,并完成转录组测序,筛选分析不同年份间牛大力根的差异表达基因(DEGs),重点解析淀粉和蔗糖代谢途径DEGs的功能。糖类和淀粉物质测定结果表明,随着年份的增长,总多糖与淀粉含量均呈现增加趋势,生长至15年时的含量最高,而蔗糖含量在3年时最高,随后呈现下降趋势。转录组测序发现,随着生长年份跨度增加,NG3vs NG7、NG3 vsNG10和NG3 vs NG15对比的DEGs总数呈上升趋势,分别为526、1848和1937个。进一步挖掘淀粉和蔗糖代谢途径中的DEGs,共有62个DEGs在3个比较组中差异表达,其中,蔗糖合成基因的表达量随年份增加而下降,淀粉合成基因随年份的增加较淀粉降解基因占主导,纤维素降解酶随年份增加表达量降低。最终筛选出5个淀粉和蔗糖代谢途径的关键酶基因进行荧光定量PCR验证,其表达变化趋势与转录组测序结果基本一致。研究结果表明,牛大力在3~7年时处于生长活跃期,以蔗糖、纤维素和淀粉的合成为主,促进根部快速膨大发育。生长至7年时,以淀粉的积累、蔗糖的分解和纤维素的降解为特征,进入生长平稳期。本研究对于牛大力根膨大特性的研究、高成薯性牛大力种质创新和科学采收都有积极的指导意义。

维生素D治疗全面性发育迟缓患儿的临床疗效研究

背景 除了某些有明确病因的代谢性疾病导致的全面性发育迟缓(GDD),康复治疗是GDD的主要治疗方式;维生素D通过影响神经营养因子在调节神经细胞的发育和分化方面发挥着重要的神经保护作用;但目前关于补充维生素D对GDD患儿临床疗效的研究开展较少。目的 探讨补充不同剂量的维生素D对GDD患儿康复治疗的临床效果。方法 于2020年9月—2022年6月选取在郑州大学第三附属医院康复医学科首次住院就诊的120例GDD患儿为研究对象,采用随机区组化的方法将其分为常规组(38例)、400 U组(37例)和1 200 U组(35例)。常规组仅进行常规康复治疗;400 U组在常规康复治疗的基础上给予口服400 U/d维生素D;1 200 U组在常规康复训练的基础上给予口服1 200 U/d维生素D。收集3组患儿的性别、就诊年龄等基本资料;于入院时(治疗前)及第3个疗程末(治疗后)行血清25羟维生素D[25(OH)D]水平检测和Gesell发育量表评估[评估适应能力、大运动能力、精细运动能力、语言能力和社交能力5个能区的发育商(DQ)];记录发生在患儿住院期间不良事件的次数,并对上述资料进行分析比较。结果 3组患儿性别、居住地、出生季节、分娩方式、就诊年龄、出生体质量、出生胎龄、主要就诊原因比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。治疗前,3组患儿25(OH)D水平、Gesell量表各能区DQ值比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);治疗后,1 200 U组患儿血25(OH)D水平、Gesell量表大运动能力、精细运动能力、语言能力DQ值高于常规组(P<0.05)。第1、2疗程期间,3组患儿不良事件发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);第3疗程期间,1 200 U组患儿不良事件发生率低于常规组及400 U组(P<0.05)。结论 补充1 200 U维生素D对GDD患儿的康复疗效有益,且能减少康复期间不良事件的发生率。

技术赋能表现性评价:框架设计与实践路径

技术为教育评价改革提供了条件,也为表现性评价的创新发展带来前所未有的机遇。据此,文章探讨了表现性评价的价值取向,分析表现性评价在实践中存在的学习表现数据采集尚不全面、评价过程主观性较强且耗时耗力、评价结果的应用与反馈效果欠佳等问题,并在此基础上构建了技术赋能表现性评价的实践框架,包括:坚持以育人目标为指引,确保评价设计与实施的一致性;提高数据采集质量,保障评价的客观性;推动人机协同支持的数据分析,提供发展性结果与反馈;促使学生开展反馈调节,引领个体自我发展。在实践框架的基础上,进一步提出了技术赋能表现性评价的四大实践路径,即构建技术赋能表现性评价支持环境,支撑评价工作的开展;完善技术标准体系框架,促进评价的规范与成熟;优化评价过程与技术工具,推动评价的可持续发展;建立技术赋能表现性评价运行机制,确保评价的有效运行。

新时代高校发展型资助与“一站式”学生社区的共建共融实践创新

新形势下,实现新时代高校发展型资助体系与“一站式”学生社区的共建共融成为摆在高校面前的重要任务。通过对学生资助工作面临的新形势与挑战进行梳理分析,提出共建共融的现实意义和逻辑理路,总结发展型资助体系与“一站式”学生社区共建共融的三个实践创新路径:即统筹完善治理“关键点”、深化师生共治“着力点”、紧扣育人成长“切入点”三个维度,实现资助文化“一站式”布局、资助育人“一站式”协同、精准帮扶“一站式”达通等三个目标,实现发展型资助与“一站式”学生社区的共建共融。

中国社会工作发展的专业与政治

从实践演进的角度看,中国社会工作发展呈现出“点线面体”的阶段性和建构性总体特征:从“单点突破”“条线探索”“面上扩散”到“整体推进”,这是专业不断适应并作用于政治语境的过程。中央社会工作部的成立,意味着社会工作的发展进入体制化和体系化的新阶段。党全面领导社会工作的政治目标,是建构群众工作新路径、社会服务新体系、基层治理新格局和社会文明新形态,这要求社会工作做好三个“统分结合”,在体制化和体系化的基础上推进渐进累积式社会建设的道路。

人工智能时代人权治理观念的三重革新

随着人工智能时代的来临,不仅人权保障制度经历变革,影响各项制度实施的人权治理观念也面临革新。这种革新至少存在三重维度:第一重维度是从结果导向到过程治理的革新,第二重维度是从单一治理到综合治理的革新,第三重维度是从自由主义到发展主义的革新。这三重革新互相影响、层层递进,第二重革新伴随着第一重革新而来,第三重革新在受到前两重革新推动的同时又构成前两重革新的基础。由此,人工智能促进人权治理观念革新的三重维度最终可归为一个主题,即动态、经验、全面的发展主义人权观对静态、先验、片面的自由主义人权观的超越。

Developmental Regulation and Biological Functions of Root Border Cells in Higher Plants

Root border cells, previously referred to as sloughed root cap cells, is a special cell population which separates in large numbers from the periphery of the root cap and accumulates in the root tip. Recent evidence reveals that border cells, whose development is regulated by endogenous and exogenous signals, are biologically viable in the majority of higher plant species. As soon as border cells detach from root cap periphery, their metabolic activity dramatically increases in accordance with a differential gene expression from that in root cap cells. Recently, PsUGT1 and RCPME1, relevant to the early and late stage of border cell development, respectively, have been cloned and functionally identified. Border cells can synthesize specially and export a diverse array of chemicals including anthocyanins, antibiotics, special enzymes and other substances, that either inhibit or promote the growth of other entities in rhizosphere such as bacteria, fungi, viruses, and nematodes, and also antagonize some toxic chemicals around the root tip in soil such as aluminum toxicity. Therefore, there are multiple biological roles played by border cells during plant growth and development.

Camptothecin and 10-Hydroxycamptothecin Accumulate Differentially Under Specific Developmental Control in Camptotheca acuminata

Camptotheca acuminata Decaisne is a tree unique to China, producing terpenoid indole alkaloid (TIA), camptothecin (CPT), and 10-hydroxycamptothecin (HCPT), which possesses strong anti-cancer bioactivity. The dynamics of HCPT and CPT during seed maturation, seed germination, postgerminative development and daily growth were measured by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). This article provides some evidence for presenting the theory that each characteristic of HCPT and CPT accumulation is under developmental regulation and then attempt to elucidate the metabolic relationships between them. HCPT accumulates particularly in young tissues and organs and is relatively unstable, while the distribution of CPT is more ubiquitous and stable. Their different distribution properties suggest that HCPT and CPT are differentially regulated and play distinct roles:during development.

Developmental Changes of Col3a1 mRNA Expression in Muscle and Their Association with Intramuscular Collagen in Pigs

Eighty-four castrated boars including Laiwu Black （LW） （weight 30-90 kg, n = 6） and Lulai Black （LL） （weight 40-100 kg, n = 6） were used to study the developmental changes of collagen type Ⅲ alpha 1 （Col3al） mRNA expression in the muscle and their association with intramuscular collagen （IMC）. The muscle total RNA was extracted to determine the abundance of Col3al mRNA using relative quantitative RT-PCR with β-actin mRNA as the internal standard. The results indicated that the developmental patterns of muscle Col3al mRNA in LW and LL pigs were similar. The abundance of Col3al mRNA increased with body weight, but decreased a little at 70 kg and 80 kg phases for LW and LL, respectively. On the whole, the expression level of Col3al mRNA in muscle of LW was higher than that of LL （P 〈 0.05）. Correlation analysis showed that the expression of Col3al mRNA in muscle was positively correlated with total and insoluble IMC, but was negatively correlated with IMC solubility for LW pigs （P 〈 0.01） and LL pigs （P 〈 0.05）, respectively. These results suggest that the muscle Col3al gene expression is affected by body weight and genotype and has important effect on IMC content and characteristics.