Safety and effectiveness of electromyography-induced rehabilitation treatment after epidural electrical stimulation for spinal cord injury:study protocol for a prospective,randomized,controlled trial

Epidural electrical stimulation is a new treatment method for spinal cord injury(SCI).Its efficacy and safety have previously been reported.Rehabilitation treatment after epidural electrical stimulation is important to ensure and improve the postoperative efficacy of epidural electrical stimulation in patients with SCI.Considering that electromyography(EMG)-induced rehabilitation treatment can accurately match the muscle contraction of patients with SCI,we designed a study protocol for a prospective,randomized controlled trial.In this trial,on the premise of adjusting the spinal cord electrical stimulator to obtain the maximum EMG signal of the target muscle,patients with SCI receiving epidural electrical stimulation will undergo EMG-induced rehabilitation treatment.Recovery of muscle strength of key muscles,quality of life,safety and therapeutic effects will be monitored.Twenty patients with SCI who are scheduled to undergo epidural electrical stimulation in Shanghai Ruijin Rehabilitation Hospital will be randomly divided into two groups with 10 patients per group.The control group will receive conventional rehabilitation treatment.The EMG-induced rehabilitation group will receive EMG-induced rehabilitation treatment of the target muscles of the upper and lower limbs based on conventional rehabilitation treatment.After rehabilitation treatment,follow up for all patients will occur at 2 weeks and 1,3 and 6 months.The primary outcome measure of this trial will be evaluation of target muscle recovery using the Manual Muscle Testing grading scale.Secondary outcome measures will include modified Barthel Index scores,integrated EMG values,the visual analogue scale,Spinal Cord Independence Measure scores,and modified Ashworth scale scores.The safety indicator will be the incidence of adverse events.This trial will collect data regarding the therapeutic effects of EMG-induced rehabilitation in patients with SCI receiving epidural electrical stimulation for 6 months after rehabilitation treatment.Findings from this trial will help develop rehabilitation methods in patients with SCI after epidural electrical stimulation.This study protocol was approved by Ethics Committee of Shanghai Ruijin Rehabilitation Hospital(Approval No.RKIRB2022-12)on February 15,2022 and was registered with Chinese Clinical Trial Registry(registration number:ChiCTR2200061674;date:June 30,2022).Study protocol version:1.0.

Electric stimulation and decimeter wave therapy improve the recovery of injured sciatic nerves

Drug treatment, electric stimulation and decimeter wave therapy have been shown to promote the repair and regeneration of the peripheral nerves at the injured site. This study prepared a Mackinnon’s model of rat sciatic nerve compression. Electric stimulation was given immediately after neurolysis, and decimeter wave radiation was performed at 1 and 12 weeks post-operation. Histological observation revealed that intraoperative electric stimulation and decimeter wave therapy could improve the local blood circulation of repaired sites, alleviate hypoxia of compressed nerves, and lessen adhesion of compressed nerves, thereby decreasing the formation of new entrapments and enhancing compressed nerve regeneration through an improved microenvironment for regeneration. Immunohistochemical staining results revealed that intraoperative electric stimulation and decimeter wave could promote the expression of S-100 protein. Motor nerve conduction velocity and amplitude, the number and diameter of myelinated nerve fibers, and sciatic functional index were significantly increased in the treated rats. These results verified that intraoperative electric stimulation and decimeter wave therapy contributed to the regeneration and the recovery of the functions in the compressed nerves.

A novel predictive braking energy recovery strategy for electric vehicles considering motor thermal protection

Braking energy recovery(BER)aims to recover the vehicle's kinetic energy by coordinating the motor and mechanical braking torque to extend the driving range of the electric vehicle(EV).To achieve this goal,the motor/generator mode requires frequent switching and prolonged operation during driving.In this case,the motor temperature will unavoidably rise,potentially triggering motor thermal protection(MTP).Activating MTP increases the risk of motor component failure,and the EV typically disables the BER function.Thus,maximizing BER while reducing the risk of motor overheating is a challenging problem.To address this issue,this article proposes a predictive BER strategy with MTP using the non-smooth Pontryagin Minimum Principle(NSPMP)for EVs.Firstly,a Markov long short-term memory(MLSTM)model is designed to obtain future velocity information.Secondly,the BER problem with MTP in the studied EV is embedded in a model predictive control(MPC)framework.Then,under the MPC framework,the NSPMP strategy is proposed to resolve the problem of MTP.Finally,the performance of the proposed strategy is verified through simulation and a hardware-in-loop test.The results show that in two real-world driving cycles,compared to the rule-based strategy,the proposed strategy reduced power consumption by 1.24%and0.96%,respectively,and effectively limited motor temperature.Additionally,under global cycle conditions,this strategy demonstrated better MTP control performance compared to other benchmark strategies.

Comparative studies on hydrometallurgical treatment of smelted low-grade electronic scraps for selective copper recovery

A comparison of three hydrometallurgical methods for selective recovery of copper from low-grade electric and electronic wastes was reported. Scraps were smelted to produce Cu？Zn？Sn？Ag alloy. Multiphase material was analyzed by SEM？EDS and XRD. The alloy was dissolved anodically with simultaneous metal electrodeposition using ammoniacal and sulfuric acid solutions or leached in ammonia？ammonium sulfate solution and then copper electrowinning was carried out. This resulted in the separation of metals, where lead, silver and tin accumulated mainly in the slimes, while copper was transferred to the electrolyte and then recovered on the cathode. The best conditions of the alloy treatment were obtained in the sulfuric acid, where the final product was metal of high purity （99% Cu） at the current efficiency of 90%. Ammoniacal leaching of the alloy led to the accumulation of copper ions in the electrolyte and further metal electrowinning, but the rate of the spontaneous dissolution was low. Anodic dissolution of the alloy in the ammonia？ammonium sulfate solution led to the unfavorable distribution of metals among the slime, electrolyte and cathodic deposit.

Electrical Data Matrix Decomposition in Smart Grid

As the development of smart grid and energy internet, this leads to a significantincrease in the amount of data transmitted in real time. Due to the mismatch withcommunication networks that were not designed to carry high-speed and real time data,data losses and data quality degradation may happen constantly. For this problem,according to the strong spatial and temporal correlation of electricity data which isgenerated by human’s actions and feelings, we build a low-rank electricity data matrixwhere the row is time and the column is user. Inspired by matrix decomposition, we dividethe low-rank electricity data matrix into the multiply of two small matrices and use theknown data to approximate the low-rank electricity data matrix and recover the missedelectrical data. Based on the real electricity data, we analyze the low-rankness of theelectricity data matrix and perform the Matrix Decomposition-based method on the realdata. The experimental results verify the efficiency and efficiency of the proposed scheme.

Influence of Zn content and annealing process on electrical property of CuZn alloy

The relationship among annealing temperature, microstructure and electrical resistivity of Cu (8%～13%)Zn (mole fraction) alloys was studied. The results show that the relationship between the electrical resistivity of cold deformation CuZn alloy and annealing temperature is related to the recovery and recrystallization of the processes. The increments of electrical resistivity due to strain are restored mainly on the process of recovery and recrystallization. The room temperature resistivity of soft state alloys is linear to the Zn contents. The extended application of Matthissen rule on high concentration solid solution was discussed. [

An Overview on Piezoelectric Power Generation System for Electricity Generation

Coal, petroleum and natural gas will still be the basis of economic development for a long time. However, with a rapider consumption speed, these fossil fuels will be exhausted in the near future. In addition, the usage of these fossil fuels can also cause environmental pollution and greenhouse effect. To deal with energy security and environmental crisis, it is wise to work towards three directions: energy saving and emission reduction, energy recovery, exploration of new renewable energy. Currently, the electricity generation technology using piezoelectric material to recover the compressional or vibrational energy begins to draw attention. However, most of the researches are devoted to designing small self-powered devices. This paper presents an overview of the feasibility of piezoelectric power generation system for electric power system, in which the fundamentals of piezoelectric power generation and the feasible structure of the system are discussed.

Prediction-Based Thunderstorm Path Recovery Method Using CNN-BiLSTM

The loss of three-dimensional atmospheric electric field(3DAEF)data has a negative impact on thunderstorm detection.This paper proposes a method for thunderstorm point charge path recovery.Based on the relation-ship between a point charge and 3DAEF,we derive corresponding localization formulae by establishing a point charge localization model.Generally,point charge movement paths are obtained after fitting time series localization results.However,AEF data losses make it difficult to fit and visualize paths.Therefore,using available AEF data without loss as input,we design a hybrid model combining the convolutional neural network(CNN)and bi-directional long short-term memory(BiLSTM)to predict and recover the lost AEF.As paths are not present during sunny weather,we propose an extreme gradient boosting(XGBoost)model combined with a stacked autoencoder(SAE)to further determine the weather conditions of the recovered AEF.Specifically,historical AEF data of known weathers are input into SAE-XGBoost to obtain the distribution of predicted values(PVs).With threshold adjustments to reduce the negative effects of invalid PVs on SAE-XGBoost,PV intervals corresponding to different weathers are acquired.The recovered AEF is then input into the fixed SAE-XGBoost model.Whether paths need to be fitted is determined by the interval to which the output PV belongs.The results confirm that the proposed method can effectively recover point charge paths,with a maximum path deviation of approximately 0.018 km and a determination coefficient of 94.17%.This method provides a valid reference for visual thunderstorm monitoring.

燃料电池涡电复合空压机系统建模与调控研究

配备具有排气能量回收功能的涡电复合空压机是大功率燃料电池空气管理系统的发展趋势,但涡电复合空压机在非设计工况下存在压比低、能量回收率低、设计需求工况无法满足等问题。以某款大功率燃料电池系统为研究对象,根据电堆进排气参数完成了涡轮膨胀机和空压机的3维气动设计,建立了包含燃料电池电堆与涡电复合空压机的电化学—流动传热耦合模型,搭建了涡电复合空压机实验台架,测试空压机与涡轮性能曲线,通过电堆、空压机与涡轮试验数据验证了该模型的准确性。基于该模型进一步研究涡轮流量特性、阀门调节方法对全工况系统排气能量回收率、电机功耗和阀门理论功率消耗的影响规律,分析了有无涡轮配置对燃料电池系统净输出功率的影响。结果表明,在中小负载工况下,涡轮流量系数每降低0.1,排气能量回收率提高5.26个百分点,但过小的流量系数导致设计点工况下电堆压力过高,需增加旁通阀泄压,导致系统过于复杂、排气能量损失大,选择涡轮流量系数为1时可获得较优的全工况能量回收率。此外,阀门前置方案优于后置方案,在非设计工况下阀门前置可使能量回收率提高6.25%。结合涡轮流量系数为1和阀门前置的方案,在设计流量点和50%设计流量点下,涡电复合空压机排气能量回收率分别为33.07%和27.31%。

双重动态交联vitrimer树脂中电树枝劣化及局部放电与降解回收特性

构建动态可逆交联网络是实现树脂类电工材料环保化的重要手段。该文基于动态交换反应理论,在传统环氧/酸酐树脂体系中引入酯交换促进剂三乙醇胺和动态二硫键,制备具有双重动态交联的类玻璃化环氧树脂(vitrimer),并采用针板电极模型研究不同二硫键含量下该树脂体系的电树枝引发与生长及局部放电特性,利用分形维数定量描述不同树脂体系中电树枝形态特征,利用表面电位衰减测试和交联结构的量子化学计算分析不同二硫键含量的vitrimer陷阱特性和电子轨道分布特征。结果表明:随着树脂体系中二硫键的增多,树脂陷阱能级提高,电子轨道能级减小,树脂电树引发电压略有降低,电树生长速度加快且电树形态分形维数降低。最后,通过模拟绕组浇注器件降解回收实验研究树脂动态交换与降解特性。研究发现,双重动态交联网络赋予树脂优异的动态特性,实现内部高价值材料的高效无损回收,可为电工材料的环保化及退役设备的回收处理提供新的思路和选择。

经皮穴位电刺激对体外循环心脏手术患者术后恢复质量的影响

目的探讨经皮穴位电刺激(TEAS)对体外循环心脏手术患者术后恢复质量的影响。方法选择2022年3—12月拟行心脏瓣膜置换术的患者60例作为研究对象,采用随机数字表法将其分为对照组和观察组,各30例。观察组于麻醉诱导前30 min至术毕及术后3 d行TEAS双侧合谷、内关、神门、中府、云门和大包穴,每天2次,每次30 min;对照组穴位选择同观察组,仅接电针刺激仪但不给予刺激。比较2组患者术前1 d,术后1、2、3 d 40项恢复质量评分量表(QoR-40)评分和失眠严重程度指数量表(ISI)评分;术后机械通气时间、重症监护病房(ICU)停留时间;拔除气管插管后24 h恶心呕吐发生率、患者静脉自控镇痛(PCIA)有效按压次数、PCIA按压总次数和补救镇痛率。结果观察组术后1、2、3 d时QoR-40量表总评分及情绪状态、身体舒适和疼痛评分较对照组升高,ISI评分较对照组降低,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组术后机械通气时间、ICU停留时间及拔除气管插管后24 h恶心呕吐发生率、PCIA有效按压次数、PCIA按压总次数和补救镇痛率较对照组均降低,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论围手术期TEAS双侧内关、神门、合谷、中府、云门和大包穴,可改善心脏直视手术患者术后早期的恢复质量,缩短术后机械通气时间和ICU停留时间,减轻术后疼痛和恶心呕吐。

电动汽车制动能量循环回收智能控制仿真

为提高纯电动汽车的续航能力,保证车辆稳定行驶,提出一种纯电动车辆的制动能量回收控制方法。从多个角度分析纯电动汽车在行驶过程中的能量变动情况,考虑驱动力需要克服的相关阻力,根据车辆各部件的工作效率以及电池充电情况,计算车辆驱动消耗实际电量。分析纯电动汽车制动过程中的动力学以及路面的摩擦因子对制动产生的影响,明确汽车制动时产生的能量损失和影响能量回收的相关因素。为了获得最大的再生能量,在能量回收控制中,以制动的方式进行能量补偿,并将更多的动能用于动力发电机,达到制动能量的回收循环。仿真结果表明,所研究方法对制动能量的回收控制效果较好,回收利用率较为理想。

四川省气电容量成本回收机制研究

四川省发展气电是实现“双碳”目标,提升电力调峰调频、确保安全稳定供电的重大举措。2022年四川省出台气电上网两部制电价政策指导意见,明确气电容量电价按一定合理收益回收固定投资成本,电量电价与气价实施联动调整。通过梳理国家及部分省份的气电两部制电价政策,调查分析四川气电的成本构成,研究对气电投资成本回收机制并测算容量电价,提出了容量电价测算原则、方法以及疏导路径的相关建议。研究结果表明:①因地制宜出台气电价格政策有利于推动气电产业健康可持续发展;②实施气电两部制电价有利于通过容量电价回收固定成本且取得合理收益,有利于促进四川气电产业有序健康可持续发展,并通过相对较低的电量电价实现与电力市场逐步接轨,增强市场竞争力;③容量电价按照“谁受益、谁承担”和“合理分摊、动态调整”原则进行疏导;④气电容量电价标准按资本金内部收益率8%对应取值,F机组容量电价标准可为28元/(kW·月),并且容量电费由该省内大工业、一般工商业用户疏导分摊。

水冷冷水机组热回收的节能分析

本文首先介绍了夏热冬暖地区生活热水系统常用的三种热水供给方案,并对其所用的热源机组进行能效分析及能耗分析,把空调制冷与生活热水作为一个整体,具体计算了三种方案热源机组的单位制热量耗电指标,这一指标的计算结果表明了回收水冷冷水机组的冷凝余热用于生活热水系统节能效果明显,且在此基础上推导出不同环境温度下运行经济性最佳的水冷冷水机组热回收温度,进而通过工程实例广东佛山某酒店项目的生活热水系统热源机组年能耗计算佐证之。本文量化分析了水冷冷水机组热回收的节能效果以及热回收温度对节能效果的影响,以期为水冷冷水机组热回收的应用及运行提供有益的参考和指导。

面向混合动力汽车液压再生能量控制策略研究

针对混合动力汽车制动能量回收控制,提出了一种基于模糊Q学习的液压再生制动系统能量回收效率优化算法。建立了基于并联液压混合动力系统的汽车动力学模型,通过模糊Q学习法对汽车再生制动控制策略进行了优化。在此基础上建立了试验平台,验证液压再生制动仿真模型的准确性。与基于专家经验的模糊控制策略、动态规划算法相比,结果表明,经模糊Q学习算法优化的汽车节能率分别提高了9.62%和8.91%。

考虑道路识别的四驱电动汽车再生制动策略

为了充分利用路面附着条件分配再生制动力,提高制动能量回收率,根据双电动机四驱结构电动汽车复合制动系统的特点,对其制动能量回收控制策略进行了研究.分析了驱动轮与地面附着特性,设计了道路识别器来计算每个轮胎与当前路面之间的峰值附着系数,并使用模糊控制策略确定每个车轮与8种道路的滑移率和附着利用率的相似输入.根据双电动机外部特性的制动力分配关系,提出了使更多制动能量回馈给电池的策略.结果表明:制动强度为0.3时,能量回收率为65.55%,具有较高的回收效率.

考虑制动意图识别的四驱电动汽车制动控制策略

为进一步提高制动能量回收率,考虑不同工况下驾驶员不同制动意图所需的制动效果,提出了一种四驱电动汽车制动控制策略。首先,针对常规制动工况,基于常规制动意图识别,从制动能量回收率、稳定性和安全性角度分别设计控制策略;其次,针对滑行工况下的不同滑行制动意图,判断电机制动力是否介入及何时介入,并根据驾驶员所需的滑行距离计算电机制动力的大小;然后,由台架试验获得前后电机外特性并建立前后电机最优利用效率模型;最后,利用Carsim和Simulink进行了联合仿真分析。仿真结果表明,在新欧洲驾驶循环(New European Driving Cycle,NEDC)工况下,与并联控制策略相比,能量回收率提升了13.64百分点;在滑行工况下可有效识别驾驶员需求滑行距离,提升了整车滑行经济性。

新型电力系统下抽水蓄能电站高质量发展探究

为实现“双碳”目标,我国新能源装机规模快速增长,建设以新能源为主体的新型电力系统势在必行。新型电力系统中新能源大规模并网,对灵活性资源有了更高要求。抽水蓄能电站作为技术成熟的储能电站,在解决以新能源为主体的新型电力系统负荷波动方面发挥重要价值,能够同时应对源荷双侧的挑战。然而,抽水蓄能电站成本回收机制的不清晰对其发展模式造成阻碍,本文依据抽水蓄能电站在不同市场环境下的价值属性,对抽水蓄能电站成本回收机制提出建议,推动我国抽水蓄能产业可持续发展,满足新型电力系统建设需要。

低频电刺激可缓解妇科开腹手术术后疼痛及促进胃肠功能恢复

目的 观察低频电刺激对妇科腹部手术后患者康复的影响。方法 选择2021年6月至2022年7月间,在蚌埠医学院泰兴临床学院妇产科进行开腹手术的患者63例。将患者随机分成对照组31例和低频电刺激组32例。低频电刺激组予以患者可耐受范围内进行刺激,每日1次,每次30 min,每次刺激强度需重新测定。对照组选取相同穴位处粘贴电极片,连接治疗仪,但不给予电流刺激。30 min后去除电极片。采用视觉模拟评分法(VAS)记录术后评分、手术结束至首次排气排便的时间。结果 术后48 h VAS评分,低频电刺激组(3.6±1.2)vs.对照组(4.5±1.4),疼痛程度降低(P<0.05);术后72 h VAS评分,低频电刺激组(1.7±0.9)vs.对照组(3.3±1.4),疼痛程度降低(P<0.01)。首次排气时间(26.9±6.7)h vs.(35.5±13.0)h低频电刺激组相对对照组时间短(P<0.05);首次排便时间(49.0±5.4)h vs.(64.4±13.8)h低频电刺激组相比对照组时间短(P<0.05)。结论 低频电生理刺激能减轻妇科开腹手术患者术后疼痛;促使患者术后首次排气、排便时间缩短。

脉冲电场回收农产品加工废料中生物活性物质的研究进展

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