Diagenetic Evolution and Formation Mechanisms of High-Quality Reservoirs under Multiple Diagenetic Environmental Constraints:An Example from the Paleogene Beach-Bar Sandstone Reservoirs in the Dongying Depression,Bohai Bay Basin

The diagenetic environment, diagenetic responses, diagenetic transformation model and formation mechanisms of high-quality reservoirs（beach-bar sandstones of the Paleogene fourth member） in the Dongying depression were studied through the analysis of fluid inclusions, thin section and burial evolution history. The diagenetic fluids of the beach-bar sandstone reservoirs evolved from early high salinity and weak alkalinity to low salinity and strong acidity, late high salinity and strong alkalinity and late low salinity and acidity, which were accompanied by two stages of oil and gas filling. The fluids at the margins of the sandbodies were continuously highly saline and strongly alkaline. The western（eastern） reservoirs experienced early open（closed）, middle open, and late closed diagenetic environments during their burial history. The flow pattern was characterized by upwelling during the majority of the diagenesis（in the east, a non-circulating pattern transitioned into an upwelling current）. Due to the evolution of the diagenetic fluids, the diagenetic sequence of the beach-bar reservoirs was as follows： early weak carbonate cementation; feldspar and carbonate cement dissolution and authigenic quartz cementation; late carbonate and anhydrite cementation, authigenic feldspar cementation, and late quartz dissolution; and late carbonate cementation, feldspar dissolution, and authigenic quartz cementation. The diagenetic strength during these stages varied or was absent altogether in different parts of the reservoirs. Due to the closeness of the diagenetic environment and the flow pattern of the diagenetic fluids, the diagenetic products are variably distributed in the sandstones interbedded with mudstones and in the fault blocks. The evolution of multiple alternating alkaline and acidic diagenetic environments controlled the distribution patterns of the reservoir diagenesis and reservoir space, and the reservoir quality index, RQI, increased gradually from the margins to the centers of the sandstones. The closeness of the diagenetic environment and the flow patterns of the diagenetic fluids controlled the differences in the reservoir properties among the fault blocks. With increasing distance from the oil-source faults, the RQI values in the west gradually decreased and in the east initially increased and then decreased.

Diagenesis and Diagenetic Evolution of Deltaic and Neritic Gas-Bearing Sandstones in the Lower Mingyuefeng Formation of Paleogene, Lishui Sag, East China Sea Shelf Basin: Implications for Depositional Environments and Sequence Stratigraphy Controls

Gas-bearing deposits in the Lower Mingyuefeng Formation of Paleogene, Lishui Sag, East China Sea Shelf Basin consist of shoreface sandstones of the highstand systems tract（HST） and transgressive systems tract（TST）, and deltaic sandstones of the lowstand systems tract（LST） and falling stage systems tract（FSST）.Detailed petrographic observations suggest that the diagenetic features and related evolution of these deposits cannot be simply characterized and demonstrated in the depth domain.However, the occurrence of diagenetic minerals systematically depends on the studied interval within the HST, TST, LST, and FSST; therefore, diagenesis in this region can be better constrained when studied in the context of the depositional environments and sequence stratigraphic framework.The eogenetic processes in such settings include：（1） microcrystalline siderite precipitated as concretions in almost all environments and systems tracts, which inhibited further mechanical compaction;（2） grain dissolution and kaolinitization occurred in shoreface HST sandstones and deltaic LST and FSST sandstones;（3） glaucony was locally observed, which did not clearly reflect the controls of facies or sequence stratigraphy; and（4） cementation by pyrite aggregates occurred in the shoreface HST sandstones and deltaic LST sandstones.The mesogenetic diagenesis includes：（1） partial conversion of kaolinite into dickite in deltaic LST sandstones, and minor chlorite cementation in deltaic FSST sandstones;（2） transformation of kaolinite into illite and quartz cementation in deltaic LST and FSST sandstones;（3） frequent precipitation of ankerite and ferroan calcite in shoreface TST sandstones and early HST sandstones, forming baffles and barriers for fluid flow, with common calcite in shoreface HST sandstones as a late diagenetic cement; and（4） formation of dawsonite in the deltaic LST and FSST sandstones, which is interpreted to be a product of the invasion of a CO2-rich fluid, and acts as a good indicator of CO2-bearing reservoirs.This study has thus constructed a reliable conceptual model to describe the spatial and temporal distribution of diagenetic alterations.The results may provide an entirely new conceptual framework and methodology for successful gas exploration in the continental margins of offshore China, thus allowing us to predict and unravel the distribution and quality evolution of clastic reservoirs at a more detailed and reliable scale.

A Reconstruction and Discussion of the Effect of Diagenetic Environment on Hydrocarbon Generation Based on Diagenetic Mineral Assemblage in Mudstone

Inorganic minerals in mudstone are composed of clay minerals,carbonate and detrital minerals.Detrital minerals(such as quartz and feldspar)are mainly original deposit.However,clay minerals(kaolinite,illite,and chlorite)and carbonate(calcite and dolomite)are mostly diagenetic minerals.Furthermore,conversion of the four kinds of clay minerals are common.The formation of clay minerals and carbonate is controlled by temperature,pressure,p H,Eh and type of cations during diagenesis.Therefore mineral assemblage can indicate the characteristics and change of diagenetic environment.In addition to inorganic minerals,there are also organic matter of different sources and chemical properties in mudstone.Traditionally,it is considered that evolution of organic matter is controlled by thermal effect.Now studies show that inorganic and organic matter can interact with each other and form clay-organic complexes.This suggest that attention should be paid to the influence of diagenetic mineral assemblage and diagenetic environment on the evolution of organic matter* Samples of mudstone from 1500-4500m of the Palaeogene in the Dongying Depression,China,were collected to investigate the changes of mudstone diagenetic environment.XRD,thin section and SEM were used to detect diagenetic minerals and assemblage characteristics.Results showed that content of detrital minerals,which are floating in mud matrix or preserved as silt laminae,is basically unchanged from shallow to deep strata.Clay minerals which are gathered as argillaceous matrix or preserved as argillaceous laminae have growth and decline relation to carbonate which mainly appear as micropoikilitic ferriferous calcite and ferriferous dolomite.All these characteristics indicate that detrital minerals are exogenetic,whereas carbonate is diagenetic minerals.Based on the SEM analysis of the clay minerals,it was found that smectite present honeycomb and reticulate structure,while illite present filiform and schistose structure and there are growth and decline relationship between them.Nevertheless,hexagonal tabular and stratified kaolinite has the highest content from 2400m to3300m.Rosette and stratified chlorite shows increase trend when the burial depth is deeper than 3300m.These characteristics indicated that clay minerals are diagenetic minerals and there are conversions among the four types.Therefore form shallow to deep,three diagenetic mineral assemblage zones can be divided based on the characteristics of carbonate and clay minerals in mudstone.Namely,smectite+illite/smectite zone in the depth of 2000-2500m;kaolinite+illite/smectite zone in the depth of 2500-3300m and illite+chlorite+carbonate zone below 3300m.Previous studies showed that kaolinite is stable under acidic conditions,while other clay minerals and carbonate are stable under alkaline conditions.Hence according to mineral assemblages feature,it was inferred that diagenetic environment of mudstonehasundergonethechangeof alkaline-acid-alkaline.For the organic matter with different chemical properties in mudstone,the hydrocarbon generation will be different in the acidic and alkaline diagenetic environment even if the conditions of temperature and pressure are the same.Therefore,for hydrocarbon generation we should not only focus on thermal effect,but also pay more attention to the differences of diagenetic environment which have great significance for the understanding of hydrocarbon generation,hydrocarbon expulsion and reservoir formation in mudstone.

Characterization of organic matter deposited in the oriental zone from Moknine hypersaline environment, oriental Tunisia

The geochemistry data show that the total organic carbon (TOC) contents are high in the surface sediments in the eastern part of the Moknine’s Sebkha. Low decreasing of organic matter (OM) with increasing depth indicates the good preservation of OM in modern sediments. “Lignite levels” inserted in the sand sequence and deposited at the edge and in the intermediate zone are considered as lithologic and organic markers. It is characterized by high TOC and poor hydrogen index (HI), indicating a higher plant origin and good preservation of OM in thin beds under anoxic condition.; In all samples low values of HI are typical for strong terrigenous input in the Sebkha. Gas chromatography (GC) of saturate fraction showed that OM in the border zone is provided from plants but in the central zone OM is a mixture of terrestrial fraction and little fraction from microalgae. The study of free lipids indicated that this environment was influenced by intense bacterial and microbial activities, as evidenced by the abundance of n-alkanes and nC-{18}-nC-{22}.

柴北缘中酸性侵入岩成因及其构造意义

研究区位于柴北缘缝合带与磨拉石前陆盆地的结合部,区内构造经历了多期演化,岩浆岩广泛发育。岩体侵入于下元古界金水口岩群和寒武—奥陶纪滩间山群中,岩性为闪长岩、石英闪长岩、花岗闪长岩,属次铝质钙碱性岩系。岩石地球化学特征表明,该岩体具有火山弧花岗岩的特征,物源具有地壳和地幔的成分,并具同源岩浆演化特征。研究区主体属加里东期构造岩浆岩带,形成于板块碰撞前的构造环境,花岗岩结晶温压条件为640~720℃、0.1~0.3 GPa。

鄂尔多斯盆地西南缘浅埋藏储层致密化成因

鄂尔多斯盆地西南缘镇原地区三叠系延长组8段细粒砂岩在较浅的埋藏条件下便发生了致密化。综合利用岩心分析、铸体薄片、扫描电镜与图像分析等技术,对其孔喉及成岩特征进行分析。结果表明:储层的成分及结构成熟度较低,孔隙结构以细孔—微细喉型为主,压实作用强烈,并且具有多期胶结与多期溶解的特征。以储层的“埋藏史-油气充注史-成岩演化序列-孔隙结构”为约束条件对储层的致密化定量表征发现,长8段在稳定的构造背景与辫状河三角洲环境的控制下,形成了细粒、富含塑性颗粒且高杂基含量的沉积,配合其后的快速埋深造成了强烈压实,其对储层致密化的贡献值为85%。成岩环境的多期变化造成了富集不同盐类的孔隙流体对储层的强烈胶结作用,对储层致密化贡献值为40.8%。早期绿泥石膜对颗粒的保护、稳定的构造背景及顶底板围岩处的硅质与钙质胶结层对孔隙流体活动的限制、过早的低渗和远离盆地生烃中心造成的缺乏酸性流体持续性注入等导致了溶蚀作用较弱,对储层致密化的抑制值仅为26.1%,且形成的次生孔喉易被后期胶结物充填。构造、沉积、成岩作用及其与油气充注在时空的耦合关系造成了长8段储层在浅埋藏条件下的致密化。

歧北斜坡沙二段储层碱性环境成岩演化及其对储集性能的影响

为深化认识歧北斜坡沙二段储层成岩环境、演化模式及孔隙发育机理,通过岩石(铸体)薄片、扫描电镜、X射线衍射分析等手段,对沙二段致密砂岩储层碱性环境成岩作用特征、成岩演化模式、碱性环境成因机制及其对储层孔隙发育的影响进行研究。结果表明:储层中存在石英溶蚀、多期碳酸盐矿物胶结交代、硬石膏交代以及碱性黏土矿物组合等多种碱性环境的成岩现象;目前储层成岩阶段处于中成岩A_(2)亚期,整个成岩演化过程中,成岩环境经历了碱性—酸性—碱性的变化;早期成岩阶段,碱性成岩环境的形成与同沉积期的咸水湖盆环境密切相关,中成岩A_(2)亚期阶段,由于金属阳离子富集,酸性水来源减少并大量消耗,导致孔隙水介质pH值升高,重新恢复为碱性成岩环境;碱性环境形成的多期碳酸盐胶结物大量充填孔隙,使储集空间大幅降低,同时,储层中的早期碱性流体介质也抑制了酸性流体对储层的溶蚀改造强度,但碱性环境下石英溶蚀形成了大量次生孔隙,是研究区储层孔隙发育的主要机制。研究成果对预测研究区优质储层分布具有指导意义。

东营凹陷民丰地区深部储层成岩环境变化研究

通过薄片鉴定、激光拉曼光谱分析、全岩和粘土矿物分析以及流体包裹体测试等手段,结合埋藏史分析,研究了东营凹陷民丰地区深部储层成岩环境的特点。分析认为,东营凹陷民丰地区深部储层成岩现象丰富,表现出不同成岩环境相叠合的特征,存在酸性、碱性和酸性碱性交替等多重成岩环境。着重利用不同成岩环境代表矿物中的流体包裹体分析成岩环境的变化,结果显示,3 000-3 200 m是碱性流体活动的重要深度。东营凹陷民丰地区深部储层在埋深过程中由浅到深大致经历了（弱）碱性（小于1 750 m）→酸性（1 750-3 200 m）→酸碱交替（3 200-4 000 m）→碱性（4 000-5 000 m）→弱碱性到弱酸性（大于5 000 m）多重成岩环境的变化,从而形成了现今复杂的成岩现象。埋深和温度是成岩环境变化的宏观主导因素,但并非绝对控制因素,局部流体性质的变化更能直接导致成岩环境的变化。

东营凹陷北部沙河街组四段深部储层多重成岩环境及演化模式

主要通过薄片鉴定、扫描电镜观察、包裹体分析、粘土矿物分析、镜质体反射率测试和岩心物性分析等手段,结合构造发育史和有机质热演化史等研究成果,以揭示东营凹陷北带古近系深部碎屑岩储层成岩环境及演化模式为目的展开研究工作。结果表明:东营凹陷北带古近系深部碎屑岩储层存在酸性、碱性和酸性碱性交替等多重成岩环境。酸性成岩环境以碳酸盐矿物溶解、长石溶解蚀变为高岭石并伴生石英次生加大等为标志,碱性成岩环境以石英质颗粒及其次生加大边溶解、长石次生加大和晚期碳酸盐矿物沉淀为标志。研究区古近系深部碎屑岩储层成岩环境由浅至深大致经历了碱性—酸性—酸性碱性交替(局部碱性较强)—碱性—弱碱性的演化过程,并建立了沙河街组四段的成岩演化和储层改造模式。

塔里木盆地西部碳酸盐岩成岩环境特征及其对储层物性的控制作用

塔里木盆地西部碳酸盐岩在其漫长的地质演化过程中 ,主要经历了大气淡水成岩环境、海水成岩环境和埋藏成岩环境的改造 ,形成了丰富的成岩组构和成岩作用类型。根据宏观和微观岩石学特征的研究 ,并结合地球化学 ,阴极发光和微量元素分析资料 ,可在研究区鉴别出十三种基本的成岩段类型和八种有利的复合成岩段 ,并详细描述了不同成岩段的成岩组构、成岩矿物组合特征和储集空间类型 ,同时深入探讨了不同成岩段与储层物性间的关系及其受控因素 ,从而将碳酸盐岩成岩演化特征与储层物性特征有机地联系起来 。

应用阴极发光技术研究母岩性质及成岩环境

为了给济阳坳陷沾化凹陷的油气勘探和开发提供依据和参考 ,对渤南油田义 3 7 7井 182块岩心 (主要是沙河街组二、三段的细砂岩、不等粒砂岩 )薄片的阴极发光特征进行观察和分析 ,根据陆源矿物和自生胶结物 (石英和长石等 )的发光特点划分胶结作用类型 ,结合普通显微镜下观察 ,按不同矿物的成分类型推断其母岩性质 ,对岩石的成岩作用分段加以研究 ,恢复当时的物源方向和成岩环境。对比阴极发光特征及母岩性质 ,判断物源来自东南方的孤岛凸起 ,搬运距离较近 ;义 3 7 7井岩心的结构成熟度和轻矿物成熟度均较低 ,推断物源区当时地势较高 ,剥蚀和埋藏都较快。图 5表 1参

白云凹陷珠海组砂岩中碳酸盐胶结物的形成机理

通过矿物学、岩石学和地球化学方法,探讨了珠江口盆地白云凹陷珠海组砂岩储层中多期碳酸盐胶结物的成因机理。根据不同期次碳酸盐胶结物的成分、产状和赋存状态,从矿物学和成岩序列的角度区分出3期胶结物类型,即早期方解石(含少量菱铁矿)、中期的铁方解石和晚期的铁白云石。多期胶结物氧碳同位素计算的Z值表明,珠海组早期碳酸盐与干旱陆相湖泊环境有关,是在常温常压条件下,直接从过饱和的碱性湖水介质中析出的产物;中期的铁方解石和晚期的铁白云石明显晚于早期方解石,在3 000~3 500m深度段内,珠海组中碳酸盐胶结物的δ13C值明显向负偏移(-6.3‰^-14.1‰),并与自生高岭石含量升高段和次生孔隙发育带呈很好的对应性,表明中晚期碳酸盐的碳主要来自有机酸脱羧产生的CO2。而长石类颗粒溶解提供了Ca2+离子,随着有机酸的消耗,成岩环境逐渐由酸性向碱性转变,还原性增强,孔隙流体中Fe2+和Mg2+很容易和CO2结合进入碳酸盐矿物晶格,形成中晚期含亚铁的碳酸盐胶结物,并充填在残余原生粒间孔和各类次生溶孔中,对储层物性造成一定的负面影响。

徐州地区下古生界碳酸盐岩的碳、氧同位素研究

在已有的对徐州地区下古生界碳酸盐岩详细岩石学研究基础上,系统测试了碳酸盐岩方解石和白云石的碳、氧同位素组成特征;地球化学和岩石学研究相结合,综合提取了碳酸盐岩碳、氧同位素组成的沉积、成岩地质信息;初步探讨了同位素组成的地层变化及其意义。研究结果表明:碳酸盐岩碳同位素组成特征可以指示沉积环境及其演化,开阔陆表海、灰质障壁砂坝、局限陆表海、潮下带、潮渠、藻坪诸沉积相间碳酸盐岩的δ^(13)C值表现出规律性变化,碳同位素组成变化曲线上的显著正偏移与海侵有关;碳酸盐岩氧同位素组成对成岩环境及其演化有明显响应,淡水成岩环境、潮上成岩环境、潮间成岩环境、潮下成岩环境和埋藏成岩环境具有不同的碳酸盐岩氧同位素组成特征;徐州地区大北望寒武系剖面地层界线附近都有碳、氧同位素组成变化的特征显示,研究工作证实了徐州地区下古生界同位素地层划分的可行性。

碎屑储集岩成岩演化过程中流体—岩石相互作用特征——以塔里木盆地西南坳陷地区为例

塔西南坳陷不同时代碎屑储集岩成岩环境经历了由酸性向碱性演变的过程,成岩环境地球化学性质的这种转变直接控制了发生在碎屑岩成岩体系中的流体—岩石相互作用特征。酸性成岩环境形成于烃源岩—储集岩系统中有机—无机反应最活跃时期,主要分布在早成岩阶段A、B期和晚成岩阶段A期,当古地温小于90℃,Ro值在<0.5%～1.3%之间,酸性的孔隙介质与骨架颗粒之间主要发生蚀变、溶解和氧化硅沉淀作用。当古地温达到90℃以上,Ro值在1.3%～>2%时,有机质脱羧基停止,有机酸发生分解,CO2来源减小,使孔隙流体性质由酸性向碱性变化,成岩环境呈碱性,这时晚期含铁碳酸盐矿物交代作用最为活跃,同时伴随自生伊利石和绿泥石沉淀、陆源伊利石重结晶成绢云母、高岭石向伊利石或绿泥石转变等作用。成岩环境在其演化过程中,由于孔隙流体性质的转变,破坏了早期成岩环境的物理化学平衡状态,使旧的成岩反应停止,新的成岩反应开始,从而形成多种矿物蚀变→交代→溶解→沉淀过程,导致碎屑储集岩结构和孔隙组合特征上的差异,流体-岩石相互作用的强度和范围决定了碎屑储集岩的储集性能及分布特征。

成岩作用研究进展与发展方向

随着能源勘探开发研究和现代测试技术的不断提高,成岩作用研究取得了重大进展。为了把握成岩作用研究的现状,进而了解其发展趋势,通过对国内外大量有关成岩作用研究成果的调研,从成岩环境、成岩流体、成岩模拟实验、成岩相、成岩作用与沉积相的结合、成岩作用与层序地层学的交叉、成岩作用在层控固体矿床中的应用,以及早期成岩作用等8个方面对成岩作用的研究进展进行了总结,并在此基础上,简要分析了成岩作用研究未来的发展方向。

碎屑组分差异对成岩作用的约束——以苏里格气田东二区砂岩储层为例

成岩物质基础的不同是否能在一定程度上影响成岩微环境、成岩矿物和成岩强度,是一个值得深入探讨的问题。为此,以鄂尔多斯盆地苏里格气田东二区二叠系砂岩储层(位于盆地北部两大物源分区的交汇部位,其主要含气层段为下二叠统山西组一段和和下石盒子组盒8段)为例,采用薄片鉴定、铸体、阴极发光、扫描电镜、流体包裹体激光拉曼等分析实验方法,深入研究了长石石英砂岩和岩屑砂岩在成岩流体性质、成岩微环境和成岩产物等方面的差异。结果表明:①该区砂岩储层成岩现象多样,不同的岩石类型成岩序列也不同;②储层中成岩古流体的演化复杂,具有多流体性质和成岩环境变化相叠合的特点,在不同的砂岩类型中具有不同的表现;③埋深和温度是该区储层成岩环境变化的主导因素,此外,岩性及原始物质组分的差异不仅影响了局部流体性质和成岩微环境的变化,而且还导致了成岩反应、成岩序列和成岩产物的差异;④受差异成岩作用控制,该区长石石英砂岩的成岩演化相对简单,其孔隙特征明显好于岩屑砂岩。

碱性环境成岩作用及对储集层孔隙的影响——以鄂尔多斯盆地长7段致密砂岩为例

根据大量岩石薄片观察、扫描电镜和X衍射分析,详细研究鄂尔多斯盆地三叠系延长组长7段致密砂岩的岩石学特征、成岩作用及孔隙成因等,探讨长7致密砂岩碱性环境成岩作用及发育的各种伴生孔隙,并分析孔隙的演化过程及与其油气成藏的关系。长7段致密砂岩广泛发育碱性环境成岩作用,包括硅质的溶解及被交代、碳酸盐矿物胶结交代、钠长石化作用及大量伊利石、绿泥石沉淀。碱性环境下发育了多种伴生孔隙,如石英溶孔、黏土矿物晶间微孔、云母层间孔和钠长石化伴生孔隙。埋藏过程中,碱性环境成岩作用出现于早成岩B阶段和中成岩A2阶段,其中早成岩B期是主要碱性环境伴生孔隙发育阶段,大量黏土晶间微孔的出现严重损害了储集层的渗透能力,同时也导致后期酸性溶蚀强度降低,因此推测在大量烃类充注之前,长7段砂岩已经严重致密化,为典型的先致密后成藏。

碳酸盐成岩作用研究现状与前瞻

碳酸盐成岩作用是沉积学最为活跃的领域之一,与之有关的研究成果会直接影响人们对碳酸盐油气储层形成机制和层控矿床形成机制的理解。近年来,碳酸盐成岩作用在多个领域取得了令人瞩目的研究成果,主要包括以下几个方面:(1)实验室沉淀白云石获得成功:人们模拟海水(泻湖)条件下的细菌硫酸盐还原环境,在常温下沉淀出具有序反射的白云石。(2)热液白云化作为新的主流模式成为关注的热点:人们已认识到热液白云岩储层、沉积-喷流型铅锌矿床和Mississippi河谷型铅锌矿床具有共同的形成机制,它们均受构造(伸展、走滑构造)和热流体流动的强烈控制。(3)深埋藏条件下封闭系统的白云化作用受到关注:一些对油气储集空间和层控矿床有较大意义的白云化作用主要是在相对封闭条件下发生的,在对岩石储集空间的变化的贡献上以及在相应的地球化学指标上不同于开放条件下的白云化作用。(4)混合水白云化模式受到质疑:人们重新研究了作为混合水白云化典型地点的美国威斯康星弧碳酸盐的成岩作用,根据流体包裹体分析、阴极发光分析、偏光显微镜观察及稳定同位素分析等方法并结合有机物成熟度的数据,得出威斯康星弧与白云化有关的水-岩相互作用是由与温度升高有关的浓卤水导致的,白云化作用是热水成岩作用的结果。(5)淡水环境的成岩机制受到挑战:新近研究证明,大范围的低位体系域中可以没有具化学活性的淡水透镜体,海水环境同样可以产生成熟的石灰岩,细菌硫酸盐还原作用可以引起海水对碳酸盐的不饱和。(6)锶同位素在海相碳酸盐研究中的广泛应用:由于锶同位素不像氧、碳同位素那样因温度、压力和微生物作用而分馏,矿物可直接反映流体的同位素组成,地质历史中海水锶同位素组成也具有独特的长期变化趋势,这使得海相碳酸盐的锶同位素组成在沉积期后流体示踪中得到广泛应用。(7)硫酸盐还原作用对碳酸盐成岩作用的影响受到重视:如BSR和TSR可减小SO42-对白云石沉淀(或白云化)的动力学屏障,其产物H2S和CO2可在不同条件下对碳酸盐储层产生影响,BSR和TSR可提高成岩流体锶含量,甚至在形成天青石矿床中也具极大的潜在价值。

川西雷口坡组碳酸盐岩储层特征及成岩作用

川西雷口坡组储层较发育,(藻)砂屑白云岩、中-细晶白云岩为主要储集岩,粒间溶孔、粒内溶孔为主要孔隙类型,孔隙结构以中-小孔细喉为主,总体显示出低孔低渗的特征。雷口坡组(藻)砂屑白云岩在川西坳陷的西缘分布稳定,厚度较大,总体上以海底、埋藏成岩环境为主,北段受到大气水成岩环境的影响,向南逐渐减弱。受成岩环境的控制,雷口坡组(藻)砂屑白云岩主要的成岩作用类型有压实、压溶作用、胶结充填作用、溶蚀作用、白云岩化作用等,其中,建设性的成岩作用主要有溶蚀作用、白云岩化作用、晚期破裂作用。溶蚀作用中的准同生期暴露溶蚀、表生溶蚀,主要分布于川西坳陷北部中坝构造带附近;而埋藏溶蚀作用对于川西坳陷中、南段储层的发育也具有非常重要的意义。鲕粒、砂屑白云岩主要与早期回流渗透、埋藏白云岩化有关。综合沉积、成岩特征,雷口坡组在川西坳陷北段南部砂屑滩体发育,且经历了准同生期大气水溶蚀、表生期溶蚀和埋藏溶蚀作用,是最有利的勘探区;而在中段的金河剖面的鲕粒、砂屑白云岩粒间(溶)孔中,发现有大量的沥青,表明发生过油气的运移或聚集,也是值得重视的有利勘探区域。

鄂尔多斯盆地白垩系粘土矿物的分布特征及其沉积-成岩环境意义

系统地分析了鄂尔多斯盆地白垩系粘土矿物的特征及其沉积、成岩环境意义。研究结果表明:白垩系砂岩、泥质岩的粘土矿物组合以I+C+I/S型、I+C型为主,具有高伊利石含量,较高绿泥石、伊/蒙混层矿物含量的粘土矿物组成特点;其中泥质岩粘土矿物主要为陆源碎屑成因,次为沉积成岩过程中形成的自生粘土矿物,而砂岩粘土矿物兼有陆源碎屑成因和沉积成岩过程自生成因的特征;白垩系沉积时气候总体特征为干旱—半干旱,但局部时段发生干—湿气候波动而处于短暂的湿热气候环境;白垩系沉积物源富含长石等硅酸盐矿物,沉积物质主要自北、南、西向盆地内部搬运沉积;白垩系沉积和埋藏成岩过程中水介质整体上具有盐度较高,偏碱性,富K+、Fe2+、Mg2+的特点,且总体上盆地南部水介质中的这些指标都高于北部。