In this article,we evaluated the energy performance parameters and gas emissions to identify which of the stoves studied performs best,and the biomass char briquettes with less emission.Biomass char briquettes from pe...In this article,we evaluated the energy performance parameters and gas emissions to identify which of the stoves studied performs best,and the biomass char briquettes with less emission.Biomass char briquettes from peanut shells,cashew nut shells,and corn cobs were produced using wheat flour as a binder.The binder rate was set at 9%and 10%.Based on the energy performance parameters,it was highlighted that the char briquette from corn cob with 9%binder(Char_CC_9%)has the best energy performance,followed by the char briquette from peanut shells with 9%binder(Char_PNS_9%),and lastly,the char briquette from cashew nut shells with 10%binder(Char_CNS_10%).The average energy efficiency of the“jambar”stove was 15.68%,while that of the“Malgache”stove was 12.41%.The average specific fuel consumption of the“jambar”stove was 0.12 kg of fuel per kilogram of water while that of the“Malgache”stove was 0.15 kg of fuel per kilogram of water.In terms of gaseous emissions,CO(carbon monoxide)concentrations were very high for char briquettes from corn cobs,with a CO emission factor of 0.40 g/min and NOx emission factor of 9.79 mg/min.For char briquettes from cashew nut shells,CO and NOx emission factors were respectively 0.30 g/min and 5.32 mg/min.The lowest average concentrations were obtained with char briquettes from peanut shells with a CO emission factor of 0.25 g/min and NOx 3.98 mg/min.展开更多
The world’s production of cocoa highly has grown since 1960.In West Africa,the production reached about 3,000,000 tons in 2012.More than 50%of the world’s production of cocoa comes nowadays from Côte d’Ivoire ...The world’s production of cocoa highly has grown since 1960.In West Africa,the production reached about 3,000,000 tons in 2012.More than 50%of the world’s production of cocoa comes nowadays from Côte d’Ivoire and Ghana and Côte d’Ivoire is the biggest producer.After harvesting,the empty shells,considered as non-useful wastes,are abandoned in the fields where they become a source of pollution.That yields millions of tons of biomass that can be converted into charcoal,instead of being sources of pollution.In the present work,the drying kinetics of the empty wet shells were studied.Then,charcoal production by pyrolysis of those empty shells of cocoa pods was performed,using a carbonisation stove fitted with a chimney.The study showed that the empty shells have a high moisture content.The different phases of the drying were observed.The study compared the drying rates and the diffusion coefficients of a small sample and a big sample.Two experiences of carbonisation of the empty shells were successfully carried out.For the first experiment,the pyrolysis temperatures were recorded and the charcoal mass efficiency calculated.For the second experiment,the temperatures were higher and the result was colored charcoals.The colorations disappeared after some hours.展开更多
基金funded by the Research and Innovation Action project BIO4AFRICA implemented under European Union Funding for Research&Innovation,EU HORIZON 2020(Grant Agreement No.101000762)。
文摘In this article,we evaluated the energy performance parameters and gas emissions to identify which of the stoves studied performs best,and the biomass char briquettes with less emission.Biomass char briquettes from peanut shells,cashew nut shells,and corn cobs were produced using wheat flour as a binder.The binder rate was set at 9%and 10%.Based on the energy performance parameters,it was highlighted that the char briquette from corn cob with 9%binder(Char_CC_9%)has the best energy performance,followed by the char briquette from peanut shells with 9%binder(Char_PNS_9%),and lastly,the char briquette from cashew nut shells with 10%binder(Char_CNS_10%).The average energy efficiency of the“jambar”stove was 15.68%,while that of the“Malgache”stove was 12.41%.The average specific fuel consumption of the“jambar”stove was 0.12 kg of fuel per kilogram of water while that of the“Malgache”stove was 0.15 kg of fuel per kilogram of water.In terms of gaseous emissions,CO(carbon monoxide)concentrations were very high for char briquettes from corn cobs,with a CO emission factor of 0.40 g/min and NOx emission factor of 9.79 mg/min.For char briquettes from cashew nut shells,CO and NOx emission factors were respectively 0.30 g/min and 5.32 mg/min.The lowest average concentrations were obtained with char briquettes from peanut shells with a CO emission factor of 0.25 g/min and NOx 3.98 mg/min.
基金ASCAD(l’Académie des Sciences,des Cultures,des Arts d’Afrique et de ses Diasporas)for its support to his renewable energy program。
文摘The world’s production of cocoa highly has grown since 1960.In West Africa,the production reached about 3,000,000 tons in 2012.More than 50%of the world’s production of cocoa comes nowadays from Côte d’Ivoire and Ghana and Côte d’Ivoire is the biggest producer.After harvesting,the empty shells,considered as non-useful wastes,are abandoned in the fields where they become a source of pollution.That yields millions of tons of biomass that can be converted into charcoal,instead of being sources of pollution.In the present work,the drying kinetics of the empty wet shells were studied.Then,charcoal production by pyrolysis of those empty shells of cocoa pods was performed,using a carbonisation stove fitted with a chimney.The study showed that the empty shells have a high moisture content.The different phases of the drying were observed.The study compared the drying rates and the diffusion coefficients of a small sample and a big sample.Two experiences of carbonisation of the empty shells were successfully carried out.For the first experiment,the pyrolysis temperatures were recorded and the charcoal mass efficiency calculated.For the second experiment,the temperatures were higher and the result was colored charcoals.The colorations disappeared after some hours.
