In the past 10 years the prevalence of type 2 diabetes mel itus(T2DM) has increased hugely worldwide,driven by a rise in the numbers of overweight and obese individuals.A number of diets have been shown to be effectiv...In the past 10 years the prevalence of type 2 diabetes mel itus(T2DM) has increased hugely worldwide,driven by a rise in the numbers of overweight and obese individuals.A number of diets have been shown to be effective for the management of T2DM:the Mediterranean diet,the vegetarian diet and the low-calorie diet.Results of studies clearly indicate,however,that the efficacy of these diets is not solely related to the biochemical structure of the individual nutrients they contain.This review discusses this point with reference to the potential role of the intestinal microbiota in diabetes.The macrobiotic Ma-Pi 2 diet is rich in carbohydrates,whole grains and vegetables,with no animal fat or protein or added sugar.In shortand medium-term trials conducted in patients with T2 DM,the Ma-Pi 2 diet has been found to significantly improve indicators of metabolic control,including fasting blood glucose,glycosylated hemoglobin,the serum lipid profile,body mass index,body weight and blood pressure.The diet may also alter the gut microbiota composition,which could additionally affect glycemic control.As a result,the Ma-Pi 2 diet could be considered a valid additional shortto medium-term treatment for T2 DM.展开更多
Background : Cynomolgus disease models that are similar to the preclinical stage of human type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2 DM) were established by feeding middle-aged cynomolgus monkeys different high energy diets to study...Background : Cynomolgus disease models that are similar to the preclinical stage of human type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2 DM) were established by feeding middle-aged cynomolgus monkeys different high energy diets to study the differential expression of diabetes-related genes. Methods : A total of 36 male monkeys were randomly divided into four groups and fed human diets with high sugar, high fat, double high sugar and fat, and a normal diet. The preclinical diabetes phase was determined by monitoring the metabolic characteristic indices and the results of oral glucose tolerance tests( OGTT). The mRNA expression of 45 diabetes-related genes in peripheral blood leukocytes was analyzed using real-time PCR. Results : A total of 22, 25, and 21 genes were significantly up-regulated( P < 0.05) and 5, 7, and 5 genes were significantly down-regulated( P < 0.05) in the above three induced groups, respectively, compared with the control group. Of the 45 tested genes, the expression profiles of 21 genes were consistent. Most of the expression levels in the double high sugar-and-fat individuals were slightly lower than those in the high glucose and high fat groups, although the expression patterns of the three groups were essentially similar. Conclusion : The different high energy diets all induced diabetes and shared some phenotypic properties with human T2 DM. Most of the expression patterns of the related genes were identical. The gene expression profiles could be used as references for the study of early diagnostic indicators and T2 DM pathogenesis.展开更多
Background/Purpose: Hispanic/Latinos in the US are at increased risk for type 2 diabetes (T2D). Data suggest that avocado intake is associated with better glycemic control, but whether this translates to protection fr...Background/Purpose: Hispanic/Latinos in the US are at increased risk for type 2 diabetes (T2D). Data suggest that avocado intake is associated with better glycemic control, but whether this translates to protection from T2D has not been studied. The goal of the current analyses was to examine whether consuming avocados at baseline is associated with lower incident T2D over a six-year period, compared to not consuming avocados at baseline. Subjects/Methods: Using data from a large population of US adults with Hispanic ancestry, without known or unknown T2D at baseline (N = 6159), participants were classified as avocado consumers (N = 983) or non-consumers (N = 5176) based on the mean of two 24-hour dietary recalls. Cox proportional hazard models estimated the association of avocado consumption with incident T2D (N = 656 cases) over a six-year follow-up period, in the population as a whole, and separately in those with normoglycemia vs. prediabetes at baseline. A set of three sequential models were run: the first controlling only for sociodemographic factors (“minimally adjusted” models), the second for these and health behaviors (“fully adjusted” models), and a third for both sets of covariates and also body mass index (BMI;“fully adjusted + BMI” models). Results: In the population as a whole, avocado intake at baseline was associated with reduced incident T2D in both the minimally adjusted (hazard ratio [HR] (±95% confidence intervals [CIs]): 0.70 (0.52 - 0.94), P = 0.04) and the fully adjusted models (HR: 0.72 (0.54 - 0.97), P = 0.03). This association was observed in both those with prediabetes and with normoglycemia at baseline, but only reached significance in those with prediabetes (minimally adjusted model: HR: 0.68 (0.48 - 0.97), P = 0.03;fully adjusted model: HR: 0.69 (0.48 - 0.98), P = 0.04), not in those with normoglycemia (minimally adjusted model: HR: 0.86 (0.45 - 1.65), P = 0.65;fully adjusted model: HR: 0.80 (0.41 - 1.55), P = 0.50). In models which additionally controlled for BMI (“fully adjusted + BMI model”), the associations were slightly attenuated (overall population: HR: 0.79 (0.59 - 1.06), P = 0.60;normoglycemia: HR: 0.83 (0.42 - 1.64), P = 0.60;prediabetes: HR = 0.75 (0.54 - 1.05), P = 0.09). Conclusions: In our longitudinal analyses, adults with Hispanic/Latino ancestry who consumed avocado were less likely to develop T2D than those who did not consume avocado at baseline, especially if they had prediabetes at baseline.展开更多
AIM: To assess whether regular Mediterranean diet and regular intake of vegetables may reduce the risk of blindness, cataract, and glaucoma in these type 2 diabetics. · METHODS: A cross-sectional design was carri...AIM: To assess whether regular Mediterranean diet and regular intake of vegetables may reduce the risk of blindness, cataract, and glaucoma in these type 2 diabetics. · METHODS: A cross-sectional design was carried out among known black diabetics admitted at the diabetic clinics of Kinshasa, between October 2008 and March 2009. The Mediterranean-style dietary score (MSDPS) was used to characterize a Mediterranean-style dietary pattern in the study population using the Harvard semi quantitative FFQ adapted for Africa. · RESULTS: Five hundred Type 2 diabetic patients were included in this study (48% of males; 40% aged ≥60 years). There was a significant association between blindness, cataract and aging; between blindness (P <0.05), cataract (P<0.05), glaucoma (P <0.05), and physical inactivity; between blindness (P<0.05), cataract (P <0.0001), glaucoma (P <0.01) and high SES, and a very significant association between blindness (P <0.0001), cataract (P <0.0001), glaucoma (P <0.0001) and exposure to sunlight. There was also a significant association between blindness, glaucoma, and male sex. Regular intake of Mediterranean diet, Brassica Rapa, beans, Abelmoschus, Musa acuminata reduced significantly the risk of blindness, cataract and glaucoma. · CONCLUSION: Regular intake of Mediterranean diet, Brassica Rapa, beans, Abelmoschus, and Musa acuminata may significantly reduce the risk of blindness or its major causes among type 2 diabetes mellitus in Africa.展开更多
文摘In the past 10 years the prevalence of type 2 diabetes mel itus(T2DM) has increased hugely worldwide,driven by a rise in the numbers of overweight and obese individuals.A number of diets have been shown to be effective for the management of T2DM:the Mediterranean diet,the vegetarian diet and the low-calorie diet.Results of studies clearly indicate,however,that the efficacy of these diets is not solely related to the biochemical structure of the individual nutrients they contain.This review discusses this point with reference to the potential role of the intestinal microbiota in diabetes.The macrobiotic Ma-Pi 2 diet is rich in carbohydrates,whole grains and vegetables,with no animal fat or protein or added sugar.In shortand medium-term trials conducted in patients with T2 DM,the Ma-Pi 2 diet has been found to significantly improve indicators of metabolic control,including fasting blood glucose,glycosylated hemoglobin,the serum lipid profile,body mass index,body weight and blood pressure.The diet may also alter the gut microbiota composition,which could additionally affect glycemic control.As a result,the Ma-Pi 2 diet could be considered a valid additional shortto medium-term treatment for T2 DM.
基金Science and Technology Planning Project of Guangdong Province,Grant/Award Number:2016A030303037 and 2017A070702014Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province,(2018A030313307)+1 种基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,Grant/Award Number:81102358GDAS Special Project of Science and Technology Development,Grant/Award Number:2017GDASCX-0107
文摘Background : Cynomolgus disease models that are similar to the preclinical stage of human type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2 DM) were established by feeding middle-aged cynomolgus monkeys different high energy diets to study the differential expression of diabetes-related genes. Methods : A total of 36 male monkeys were randomly divided into four groups and fed human diets with high sugar, high fat, double high sugar and fat, and a normal diet. The preclinical diabetes phase was determined by monitoring the metabolic characteristic indices and the results of oral glucose tolerance tests( OGTT). The mRNA expression of 45 diabetes-related genes in peripheral blood leukocytes was analyzed using real-time PCR. Results : A total of 22, 25, and 21 genes were significantly up-regulated( P < 0.05) and 5, 7, and 5 genes were significantly down-regulated( P < 0.05) in the above three induced groups, respectively, compared with the control group. Of the 45 tested genes, the expression profiles of 21 genes were consistent. Most of the expression levels in the double high sugar-and-fat individuals were slightly lower than those in the high glucose and high fat groups, although the expression patterns of the three groups were essentially similar. Conclusion : The different high energy diets all induced diabetes and shared some phenotypic properties with human T2 DM. Most of the expression patterns of the related genes were identical. The gene expression profiles could be used as references for the study of early diagnostic indicators and T2 DM pathogenesis.
文摘Background/Purpose: Hispanic/Latinos in the US are at increased risk for type 2 diabetes (T2D). Data suggest that avocado intake is associated with better glycemic control, but whether this translates to protection from T2D has not been studied. The goal of the current analyses was to examine whether consuming avocados at baseline is associated with lower incident T2D over a six-year period, compared to not consuming avocados at baseline. Subjects/Methods: Using data from a large population of US adults with Hispanic ancestry, without known or unknown T2D at baseline (N = 6159), participants were classified as avocado consumers (N = 983) or non-consumers (N = 5176) based on the mean of two 24-hour dietary recalls. Cox proportional hazard models estimated the association of avocado consumption with incident T2D (N = 656 cases) over a six-year follow-up period, in the population as a whole, and separately in those with normoglycemia vs. prediabetes at baseline. A set of three sequential models were run: the first controlling only for sociodemographic factors (“minimally adjusted” models), the second for these and health behaviors (“fully adjusted” models), and a third for both sets of covariates and also body mass index (BMI;“fully adjusted + BMI” models). Results: In the population as a whole, avocado intake at baseline was associated with reduced incident T2D in both the minimally adjusted (hazard ratio [HR] (±95% confidence intervals [CIs]): 0.70 (0.52 - 0.94), P = 0.04) and the fully adjusted models (HR: 0.72 (0.54 - 0.97), P = 0.03). This association was observed in both those with prediabetes and with normoglycemia at baseline, but only reached significance in those with prediabetes (minimally adjusted model: HR: 0.68 (0.48 - 0.97), P = 0.03;fully adjusted model: HR: 0.69 (0.48 - 0.98), P = 0.04), not in those with normoglycemia (minimally adjusted model: HR: 0.86 (0.45 - 1.65), P = 0.65;fully adjusted model: HR: 0.80 (0.41 - 1.55), P = 0.50). In models which additionally controlled for BMI (“fully adjusted + BMI model”), the associations were slightly attenuated (overall population: HR: 0.79 (0.59 - 1.06), P = 0.60;normoglycemia: HR: 0.83 (0.42 - 1.64), P = 0.60;prediabetes: HR = 0.75 (0.54 - 1.05), P = 0.09). Conclusions: In our longitudinal analyses, adults with Hispanic/Latino ancestry who consumed avocado were less likely to develop T2D than those who did not consume avocado at baseline, especially if they had prediabetes at baseline.
文摘AIM: To assess whether regular Mediterranean diet and regular intake of vegetables may reduce the risk of blindness, cataract, and glaucoma in these type 2 diabetics. · METHODS: A cross-sectional design was carried out among known black diabetics admitted at the diabetic clinics of Kinshasa, between October 2008 and March 2009. The Mediterranean-style dietary score (MSDPS) was used to characterize a Mediterranean-style dietary pattern in the study population using the Harvard semi quantitative FFQ adapted for Africa. · RESULTS: Five hundred Type 2 diabetic patients were included in this study (48% of males; 40% aged ≥60 years). There was a significant association between blindness, cataract and aging; between blindness (P <0.05), cataract (P<0.05), glaucoma (P <0.05), and physical inactivity; between blindness (P<0.05), cataract (P <0.0001), glaucoma (P <0.01) and high SES, and a very significant association between blindness (P <0.0001), cataract (P <0.0001), glaucoma (P <0.0001) and exposure to sunlight. There was also a significant association between blindness, glaucoma, and male sex. Regular intake of Mediterranean diet, Brassica Rapa, beans, Abelmoschus, Musa acuminata reduced significantly the risk of blindness, cataract and glaucoma. · CONCLUSION: Regular intake of Mediterranean diet, Brassica Rapa, beans, Abelmoschus, and Musa acuminata may significantly reduce the risk of blindness or its major causes among type 2 diabetes mellitus in Africa.
