RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE INCIDENCE RATES OF TESTICULAR AND PROSTATIC CANCERS AND FOOD CONSUMPTIONS

Objective: To determine the relationships between the incidence rates of testicular and prostatic cancers and food consumptions in order to study the etiologic cause and the mechanism of the development of male genital organ cancer. Methods: The incidence rates of testicular and prostatic cancers in 42 countries (region) were correlated with the dietary practices in these countries. These data came from the cancer rate database (1988–1992) and the food supply database (1961–1990) provided by the Department of Environmental Health, Medical University of Yamanashi, Japan. Results: The incidence rates of testicular and prostatic cancers varied greatly from country to country but in China the rates of the both malignancies were lower than that of USA and Japan. This may be due to the difference in lifestyle, especially in dietary practices. Among the food items we examined, cheese was most closely correlated with the incidence of testicular cancer at ages 20–39, followed by animal fats and milk. The correlation coefficient (r) was the highest (r=0.804) when calculated for cheese consumed during the period of 1961–1965 (maternal or prepubertal consumption). Stepwise-multiple-regression analysis revealed that cheese (1961–1965) made a significant contribution to the incidence of testicular cancer. Multiple coefficient (r) is 0.920. As far as prostatic cancer was concerned, milk was most closely correlated (r=0.711) with its incidence, followed by meat and coffee. Stepwise-multiple-regression analysis identified milk, meat, butter and coffee as significant factors contributing to the incidence of prostatic cancer (R=0.993). The results of our study suggest a role of milk and dairy practices in the development of testicular and prostatic cancers.

Households Hunger:The Key Attribute to Anthropometric Failures of Children in West Oromia(Ethiopia)

Poor nutrition is the underlying cause of child death.However,comprehensive data showing the relationships between dietary-practices,food security,and nutritional status are scant.The present study aimed to examine the association of inappropriate feeding practices and household-hunger with anthropometric measures in children aged 6–23 months.A cross-sectional survey was conducted on randomly selected 525-households.Semi-structured interviewer-administered questionnaires were used to gather data on socio-demographic,child health,dietary-practices and household-hunger.Weight and height/length of the children were measured and analyzed using the new World Health Organization(WHO)Growth Standards.The prevalence of stunting,wasting and underweight as well as composite index of anthropometric failure(CIFA)were used to indicate under-nutrition.The overall prevalence of inappropriate feeding practices was 22.9%,rate of moderate households-hunger was 12.4%,and the prevalence of stunting,underweight and wasting was 16.2%,6.9%and 6.3%,respectively,while the CIAF was 21.3%.The prevalence was significantly higher in young children aged 12–23 months than in infants aged 6–11 months.Children from households experiencing moderate hunger had significantly higher risk of being stunting(OR:10.20;95%CI:2.00–51.50),underweight(OR:3.89;95%CI:1.40–10.90),wasting(OR:1.97;95%CI:0.99–3.90),and CIAF(OR:1.90;95%CI:1.05–3.45),than those residing in households experiencing no or mild hunger.Multi-disciplinary approaches are required to improve household food-security and child dietary practices,thus the nutritional status among young children.

Role of nutritional factors in pathogenesis of cancer

Diet and nutrition are crucial factors throughout the complete life course in the promotion and upholding of good health.It has always been accepted that our defencelessness to infection and disease was influenced by diet and environmental as well as genetic factors.Nutrition is coming to the front position as a principle modifiable determinant of chronic disease,with scientific confirmation with time more supporting the view that alterations in diet have strong effects,equally positive as well as negative,on health throughout life.For the most part notably,nutritional adjustments may not only influence present health but also determine whether or not an individual will develop chronic non-communicable diseases like cancer.Diet is a blend of protective,mutagenic,and carcinogenic agents;the majority of them are metabolized by the enzymes of biotransformation process.Genetic polymorphisms that alter protein expression or else the function of these enzymes can change the risk of developing cancer.The scientific community has identified numerous naturally occurring materials in plant food with the power to resolve possible carcinogens.A few of these nutrients and natural phytochemicals look for toxins and usher them from the body before they can cause cell damage that may lead to cancer.Others give the impression to make it easier for the body to make repairs at the cellular level.At a standstill,others may help bring to an end cancer cells from reproducing.Even after a cell begins to experience damage that can lead to cancer,what you eat and drink,and how you live can still help short-circuit the cancer process.It is thought that a diet containing defensive micronutrients as well as carcinogens and mutagens may adapt the risk of cancer development,particularly in genetically susceptible individuals.