Effect of intervention treatment from different stages on prognosis in children with central coordination disturbance

BACKGROUND： Central coordination disturbance is regarded as the early-stage symptom of brain injury-induced cerebral palsy. This disease manifests itself as motor disorder, abnormal attitudinal reflex and muscular tension. Early intervention may improve its prognosis. OBJECTIVE： To observe the effects of intervention treatment from different stages on the prognosis of central coordination disturbance following brain injury in children patients. DESIGN： A contrast observation experiment SETTING： Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation, Urumqi Children＇s Hospital PARTICIPANTS ： Totally 151 children who were diagnosed as central coordination disturbance from January 2002 to December 2003 in the Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation of Urumqi Children＇s Hospital were recruited. All the children patients, including 101 male and 50 female, aged from 3 months to 1 year old, met the diagnosis criteria of central coordination disturbance from Vojta. They were divided into slight, moderate and severe abnormity according to Vojta attitudinal reflex. All 151 patients were divided into 2 groups according to their age at diagnosis： 3-6 months old group （n=74）, 62 severe, 10 moderate and 2 slight; 7-12 months old group （n=77）, 66 severe, 7 moderate and 4 slight. All the relatives of children patients were informed of the experiment. METHODS： ① Both groups received physical training （PT） as the main treatment; Hand training was given if necessary. All of the patients received additional hyperbaric oxygen therapy, bioelectric therapy, scalp acupuncture, drug treatment and family training. The importance of integration of hospital and family based rehabilitation was stressed. Those who did not catch up with the normal development or had abnormal reflexes continued to receive treatment. ② Around the age of 2 years old, all children did a final evaluation using Bayley Scales of Infant Development （BSID）. Mental development index （MDI） and physical development index （PDI） were taken as evaluative criteria. Children with scores 80 and above on MDI and PDI were considered to have normal motor and mental development; 79 and below were considered delayers. The Diagnostic Criteria of Cerebral Palsy and Infantecondary School Social Adaptation Scale were used in the final evaluation[scores ≤5 was extremely severe （extremely severe cerebral palsy）, 6 was severe（severe cerebral palsy）, 7 was moderate（moderate cerebral palsy）, 8 was slight（slight cerebral palsy）, 9 was borderline（slight cerebral palsy）, 10 was normal, 11 was above average, 12 was excellent and ≥13 was extremely excellent]. ③ Final evaluative results of 2 groups were compared. And u test was used for the comparison of Bayley development index and Chi-square test for the comparison of normalization rate. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： BSID MDI and PDI as well as the normalization rate of motor function and mental behavior of children patients at 2 years old. RESULTS： Totally 151 children patients entered the stage of result analysis. ①Two groups of children patients were given integrated rehabilitation therapy , and evaluated at 2 years old . The 3-6 months old group had higher MDI and PDI than the 7-12 months old group （91.81＋19.99 vs 71.93＋18.98;91.55＋23.61 vs 68.95＋23.51, u=6.265,5.894,P 〈 0.01 ）.②After being given integrated rehabilitation therapy, children patients of 3-6 months old group had significantly higher normalization rate of motor function and mental behavior than 7-12 months old group （73% ,27%,X2=29.723 9,P 〈 0.01 ）. ③Six slight and 17 moderate central coordination disturbance children of 2 groups all completely recovered; After intervention treatment, among 128 severe central coordination disturbance children, 52 recovered and 76 were still abnormal, in which, 43 slight cerebral palsy, 18 moderate cerebral palsy, 5 severe cerebral palsy and 10 extremely severe cerebral palsy. CONCLUSION： To perform integrated intervention treatment before 6 months old can better improve and promote mental and physical development levels of children patients with central coordination disturbance after brain injury than 6 months later.

Study of Aerodynamic Parameters on Different Underling Surfaces

Aerodynamic parameters including the zero-plane displacement （d）, roughness length （z0）, and friction velocity （u＊） on the different underlying surfaces of heavy-gazing site, medium-grazing site, light-grazing site, no-grazing site, dune, inter-dune, grassland, rice paddy site, wheat site, soybean site, and maize site have been computed based on the Monin-Obukhov similarity theory by utilizing the micrometeorologically observed data of dune and vegetation in the semi-arid area at Naiman, Inner Mongolia of China, conducted jointly by the Institute of Desert Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences and the National Institute of Agro- Environmental Sciences of Japan in 1990-1994. And their relationships between wind speed and Richardson number are analyzed. The aerodynamic characteristics of different man-made disturbed grassland ecosystems are also compared. Result shows that the vegetation coverage and the above-ground biomass decrease with the increase in man-made stress of the grassland. The roughness length for different underlying surfaces is closely related to vegetation height, above-ground biomass, and ground surface undulation, and Richardson number Ri is also its influencing factor. The friction velocity varies largely on different underlying surfaces, and it is positively proportional to wind speed and roughness length. The aerodynamic parameters of various times on the same underlying surface are different, too. Above results indicate that grassland and vegetation are of significance in preventing desertification, especially in the arid and semi-arid land ecosystems. And the results of this paper are also important for constructing the land surface physical process as well as regional climate model.