Connectivity differences between adult male and female patients with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder according to resting-state functional MRI

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder（ADHD） is a pervasive psychiatric disorder that affects both children and adults. Adult male and female patients with ADHD are differentially affected, but few studies have explored the differences. The purpose of this study was to quantify differences between adult male and female patients with ADHD based on neuroimaging and connectivity analysis. Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging scans were obtained and preprocessed in 82 patients. Group-wise differences between male and female patients were quantified using degree centrality for different brain regions. The medial-, middle-, and inferior-frontal gyrus, superior parietal lobule, precuneus, supramarginal gyrus, superior- and middle-temporal gyrus, middle occipital gyrus, and cuneus were identified as regions with significant group-wise differences. The identified regions were correlated with clinical scores reflecting depression and anxiety and significant correlations were found. Adult ADHD patients exhibit different levels of depression and anxiety depending on sex, and our study provides insight into how changes in brain circuitry might differentially impact male and female ADHD patients.

Real-time digital image stabilization based on regional field image gray projection

Digital image stabilization technique plays important roles in video surveillance and object acquisition.Many useful electronic image stabilization algorithms have been studied.A real-time algorithm is proposed based on field image gray projection which enables the regional odd and even field image to be projected into x and y directions and thus to get the regional gray projection curves in x and y directions,respectively.For the odd field image channel,motion parameters can be estimated via iterative minimum absolute difference based on two successive field image regional gray projection curves.Then motion compensations can be obtained after using the Kalman filter method.Finally,the odd field image is adjusted according to the compensations.In the mean time,motion compensation is applied to the even field image channel with the odd field image gray projection curves of the current frame.By minimizing absolute difference between odd and even field image gray projection curves of the current frame,the inter-field motion parameters can be estimated.Therefore,the even field image can be adjusted by combining the inter-field motion parameters and the odd field compensations.Finally,the stabilized image sequence can be obtained by synthesizing the adjusted odd and even field images.Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm can run in real-time and have a good stabilization performance.In addition,image blurring can be improved.

Effects of optical axis direction on optical path difference and lateral displacement of Savart polariscope

A simple method is applied to calculating the optical path difference （OPD） of a plane parallel uniaxial plate with an arbitrary optical axis direction. Then, the theoretical expressions of the OPD and lateral displacement （LD） of Savart polariscope under non-ideal conditions are obtained exactly. The variations of OPD and LD are simulated, and some important conclusions are obtained when the optical axis directions have an identical tolerance of ／pm 1^{{／circ}}. An application example is given that the tolerances of optical axis directions are gained according to the spectral resolution tolerances of the stationary polarization interference imaging spectrometer （SPIIS）. Several approximate formulae are obtained for explaining some conclusions above. The work provides a theoretical guidance for the optic design, crystal processing, installation and debugging, data analysis and spectral reconstruction of the SPIIS.

Susceptibility-weighted imaging is suitable for evaluating signal strength in different brain regions of a rabbit model of acute hemorrhagic anemia

Acute hemorrhagic anemia can decrease blood flow and oxygen supply to brain, and affect its physiological function. While detecting changes in brain function in patients with acute hemorrhagic anemia is helpful for preventing neurological complications and evaluating therapeutic effects, clinical changes in the nervous systems of these patients have not received much attention. In part, this is because current techniques can only indirectly detect changes in brain function following onset of anemia, which leads to lags between real changes in brain function and their detection.

Interchannel phase difference and stereo sound image localization

By considering higher order approximation to the interaural phase difference, a more general localization equation for stereo sound image with interchannel phase difference is derived. At very low frequency or low interchannel phase difference, the equation can be simplified to Makita theory. In general, image position is obviously affected by frequency.It is shown that image position varying with freqllency is the main reason for image width broadening in stereo reproduction with interchannel phase difference. And an extra interaural sound level difference caused by interchannel phase difference is the main reason for image naturalness degrading. In practice, it is necessary to reduce the interchannel phase difference,at least, to less than 60°.

Experimental investigation of ghost imaging of reflective objects with different surface roughness

We present an experimental demonstration of ghost imaging of reflective objects with different surface roughness.The influence of the surface roughness, the transverse size of the test detector, and the reflective angle on the signal-to-noise ratio(SNR) is analyzed by measuring the second-order correlation of the light field based on classical statistical optics. It is shown that the SNR decreases with an increment of the surface roughness and the detector's transverse size or a decrease of the reflective angle. Additionally, the comparative studies between the rough object and the smooth one under the same conditions are also discussed.

Monitoring and analysing the Emirate of Dubai’s land use/land cover changes:an integrated,low-cost remote sensing approach

This study presents a modified low-cost approach,which integrates the spectral angle mapper and image difference algorithms in order to enhance classification maps for the purpose of monitoring and analysing land use/land cover change between 2000 and 2015 for the Emirate of Dubai.The approach was modified by collecting 320 training samples from QuickBird images with a spatial resolution of 0.6 m,as well as carrying out field observations,followed by the application of a 3×3 Soble filter,sieving classes,majority/minority analysis,and clump classes of the obtained classification maps.The accuracy assessment showed that the targeted 2000,2005,2010 and 2015 classification maps have 88.1252%,89.0699%,90.1225%and 96.0965%accuracy,respectively.The results showed that the built-up area increased by 233.721 km^(2)(5.81%)between 2000 and 2005 and continues to increase even up and till the present time.The assessment of changes in the periods 2000–2005 and 2010–2015 confirmed that net vegetation area losses were more pronounced from 2000 to 2005 than from 2010 to 2015,dropping from 47,618 to 40,820 km^(2),respectively.This study is aimed to assist urban planners and decision-makers,as well as research institutes.