Analysis of genotype differences of rice response to low Zn^(2+) activity and some morphological characteristics

Zinc deficiency is one of the most widespreadmicro-nutritional disorder for rice. To solve the problem, screening Zn-efficient cultivars isan available method and understanding geno-

Analysis of differences between anatomic and CT measurements for anterior axial pedicle screw placement

Objective To explore the differences between anatomic and CT measurements for anterior transoral axial pedicle screw placement. Methods C2 vertebrae of 60 adult spines were measured anatomically,while 20 adult spine vertebrae were

An Analysis of the Difference between the Multiple Linear Regression Approach and the Multimodel Ensemble Mean

An investigation of the difference in seasonal precipitation forecast skills between the multiple linear regression （MLR） ensemble and the simple multimodel ensemble mean （EM） was based on the forecast quality of individual models. The possible causes of difference in previous studies were analyzed. In order to make the simulation capability of studied regions relatively uniform, three regions with different temporal correlation coefficients were chosen for this study. Results show the causes resulting in the incapability of the MLR approach vary among different regions. In the Nifio3.4 region, strong co-linearity within individual models is generally the main reason. However, in the high latitude region, no significant co-linearity can be found in individual models, but the abilities of single models are so poor that it makes the MLR approach inappropriate for superensemble forecasts in this region. In addition, it is important to note that the use of various score measurements could result in some discrepancies when we compare the results derived from different multimodel ensemble approaches.

Isolation and bioinformatics analysis of differentially methylated genomic fragments in human gastric cancer

AIM:To isolate and analyze the DNA sequences which are methylated differentially between gastric cancer and normal gastric mucosa. METHODS: The differentially methylated DNA sequences between gastric cancer and normal gastric mucosa were isolated by methylation-sensitive representational difference analysis (MS-RDA). Similarities between the separated fragments and the human genomic DNA were analyzed with Basic Local Alignment Search Tool (BLAST). RESULTS: Three differentially methylated DNA sequences were obtained, two of which have been accepted by GenBank. The accession numbers are AY887106 and AY887107. AY887107 was highly similar to the 11th exon of LOC440683 (98%), 3' end of LOC440887 (99%), and promoter and exon regions of DRD5 (94%). AY887106 was consistent (98%) with a CpG island in ribosomal RNA isolated from colorectal cancer by Minoru Toyota in 1999. CONCLUSION: The methylation degree is different between gastric cancer and normal gastric mucosa. The differentially methylated DNA sequences can be isolated effectively by MS-RDA.

DYNAMIC BEHAVIOR ANALYSIS FOR LANDING-GEAR WITH DIFFERENT TYPES OF DUAL-CHAMBER SHOCK-STRUTS

In this paper three types of dual- chamber shock- struts are considered in dynamic analyses of landing-gear behavior during impact and taxi. Their dynamic characteristics are compared with each other according to calculation results, and some conclusions are presented.It is very helpful for selecting a suitable type of dual-chamber shock-strut in landing-gear design.

The difference analysis of physical-mechanical properties of sediments in the central South Yellow Sea and Zhe-Min coastal area in China

The difference analysis of physical-mechanical properties of muddy sediments is made in the central South Yellow Sea and the Zhe-Min（Zhejiang Province to Fujian Province of China） coastal area. The results show that sediments in the two regions are both dominated by mud. There are perfect negative power function correlations between the water content and the density, the compression coefficient and the compression modulus; a good positive power function correlation between the liquid limit and the plastic limit, a perfect positive linear correlation between the water content and the void ratio, and a perfect polynomial function correlation between the miniature vane shear strength and the pocket penetration resistance. In general, compared with sediments in the Zhe-Min coastal area, sediments in the central South Yellow Sea possess high water content, high void ratio,low density, high plasticity, high compressibility, low shear strength. The causes of the differences between physical-mechanical properties of sediments are analyzed from the topographic features, material sources,hydrodynamic conditions, deposition rate, and material composition. Compared with the Zhe-Min coastal area,the central South Yellow Sea is far from the Mainland and low-lying; has poor hydrodynamic condition; the materials diffused to the area are less and dominated by fine clay, have the high content of smectite and organic matters. These factors lead to sediments of the central South Yellow Sea has the higher water content, the higher plasticity, the lower density, and the lower strength than sediments in the Zhe-Min coastal area.

Connectivity differences between adult male and female patients with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder according to resting-state functional MRI

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder（ADHD） is a pervasive psychiatric disorder that affects both children and adults. Adult male and female patients with ADHD are differentially affected, but few studies have explored the differences. The purpose of this study was to quantify differences between adult male and female patients with ADHD based on neuroimaging and connectivity analysis. Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging scans were obtained and preprocessed in 82 patients. Group-wise differences between male and female patients were quantified using degree centrality for different brain regions. The medial-, middle-, and inferior-frontal gyrus, superior parietal lobule, precuneus, supramarginal gyrus, superior- and middle-temporal gyrus, middle occipital gyrus, and cuneus were identified as regions with significant group-wise differences. The identified regions were correlated with clinical scores reflecting depression and anxiety and significant correlations were found. Adult ADHD patients exhibit different levels of depression and anxiety depending on sex, and our study provides insight into how changes in brain circuitry might differentially impact male and female ADHD patients.

ANALYSIS OF Lyl1 EXPRESSION AS A FREQUENT PARTNER OF LMO2 IN T-CELL LEUKEMOGENESIS IN HUMAN

Objective： To identify aberrant gene expression in primary human T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia （T-ALL） and to evaluate the differently expressed level of Lyll and LMO2 genes in human LMO2 positive/TALl negative T-ALL tumors. Methods： Three methods, representational difference analysis （RDA） of cDNA, cDNA microarrays and RT-PCR were used to detect if Lyll and LMO2 genes were differently expressed in human LMO2 positive/tall negative T-ALL tumors. Results： The results of cDNA RDA and cDNA array shown that Lyll and LMO2 genes are differently expressed in human T-cell tumors. The result of RT-PCR also shown Lyll and LMO2 are high expressed in human T-cell tumors and very low level or no expressed in normal group. Conclusion： We have found that cDNA RDA and cDNA microarray can be successfully used to identify aberrant gene expression in T-ALL cells. In the study described in this manuscript we found that Lyll and LMO2 are aberrantly expressed in human T-ALL LMO2 positive/TALl negative T-ALL tumors.

IDENTIFICATION OF DIFFERENTIAL GENES IN OVARIAN CANCER USING REPRESENTATIONAL DIFFERENCE ANALYSIS OF cDNA

Objoctive To identify differential genes between normal ovarian epithelium tissue and ovarian epithelial cancer using representational difference analysis of cDNA （cDNA-RDA）. Methods cDNA-RDA was performed to identify the differentially expressed sequences between cDNAs from cancer tissue and cDNAs from normal ovarian tissue in the same patient who was in the early stage of ovarian serous cystadenocarcinoma. These differentially expressed fragments were cloned and analyzed, then sequenced and compared with known genes. Results Three differentially cxpressed cDNA fragments were isolated using cDNA from normal ovarian tissue as tester and cDNA from cancer tissue as driver amplicon by cDNA-RDA. DP Ⅲ- 1 and DP Ⅲ-2 cDNA clone showed significant homology to the cDNA of alpha actin gene; DPⅢ-3 cDNA clone showed significant homology to the cDNA oftransgelin gene. Conclusion cDNA-RDA can bc used to sensitively identify the differentially expressed genes in ovarian serous cystadenocarcinoma. Ovarian serous cystadenocarcinoma involves alteration of multiple genes.

Clinical analysis of different periods of liver transplantation at an organ transplantation centre

Objective To summarize our clinical experience in liver transplantation while considering the background in this filed in China. Methods Ninety-five patients who had received liver transplantation from April 1993 to March 2002 were analyzed retrospectively. Three periods were defined objectively as period Ⅰ(1993-1997),Ⅱ(1999) and Ⅲ(2000 -2002). Operative techniques, recipients, original diseases, complications and survival rates were compared among the three periods. Results Malignant liver lesions were the main cause for liver transplantation in period Ⅰ and Ⅱ. The ratio of number of malignant disease to total recipients decreased gradually from period Ⅰ to Ⅱ (100%, 53% and 35%, respectively). The 1-year survival rate in patients with benign liver disease was 85 % and the total operative mortality was 5% in period Ⅲ. The incidence of hepatitis B virus reactivation or reinfection was 24% twelve months after liver transplantation. Vascular complication decreased but biliary complications did

Metastatic suppressor genes inactivated by aberrant methylation in gastric cancer

AIM: To screen out the differentially methylated DNA sequences between gastric primary tumor and metastatic lymph nodes, test the methylation difference of gene PTPRG between primary gastric tumor and metastatic lymph nodes, and test the regulatory function of 5-aza- 2-deoxycytidine which is an agent with suppression on methylation and the level of methylation in gastric cancer cell line. METHODS: Methylated DNA sequences in genome were enriched with methylated CpG islands amplification (MCA) to undergo representational difference analysis (RDA), with MCA production of metastatic lymph nodes as tester and that of primary tumor as driver. The obtained differentially methylated fragments were cloned and sequenced to acquire the base sequence, which was analyzed with bioinformatics. With methylation-specific PCR (MSP) and RT-PCR, methylation difference of gene PTPRG was detected between primary tumor and metastatic lymph nodes in 36 cases of gastric cancer. Methylation of gene PTPRG and its regulated expression were observed in gastric cancer cell line before and after being treated with methylation-suppressive agent. RESULTS: Nineteen differentially methylated sequences were obtained and located at 5' end, exons, introns and 3' end, in which KL59 was observed to be located at 9p21 as the first exon of gene p16 and KL22 to be located at promoter region of PRPRG . KL22, as the probes, was hybridized with driver, tester and 3-round RDA products respectively with all positive signals except with the driver. Significant difference was observed in both methylation rate of gene PTPRG and PTPRG mRNA expression rate between primary tumor and metastatic lymph nodes. Demethylation of gene PTPRG, with recovered expression of PTPRG mRNA, was observed after gastric cancer cell line being treated with methylation-suppressive agent. CONCLUSION: Difference exists in DNA methylation between primary tumor and metastatic lymph nodes of gastric cancer, with MCA-RDA as one of the good analytical methods. Significant difference exists in methylation of gene PTPRG between primary tumor and metastatic lymph nodes of gastric cancer. Methylation level in gastric cancer cell line can be decreased by 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine, which is the methylation- suppressive agent, with PTPRG expression being recovered.

Spatial-temporal Changes of Vegetation Cover in Guizhou Province, Southern China

Guizhou Province is an important karst area in the world and a fragile ecological area in China. Ecological risk assessment is very necessary to be conducted in this region. This study investigates different characteristics of the spatial-temporal changes of vegetation cover in Guizhou Province of Southern China using the data set of SPOT VEGETATION(1999–2015) at spatial resolution of 1-km and temporal resolution of 10-day. The coefficient of variation, the Theil-Sen median trend analysis, and the Mann-Kendall test are used to investigate the spatial-temporal change of vegetation cover and its future trend. Results show that: 1) the spatial distribution pattern of vegetation cover in Guizhou Plateau is high in the east whereas low in the west. The average annual normalized difference vegetation index(NDVI) from west to east is higher than that from south to north. 2) Average annual NDVI improved obviously in the past 17 years. The growth rate of average annual NDVI is 0.028/10 yr, which is slower than that of vegetation in the country(0.048/10 yr) from 1998 to 2007. Average annual NDVI in karst area is lower than that in non-karst area. However, the growing rate of average annual NDVI in karst area(0.030/10 yr) is faster than that in non-karst area(0.023/10 yr), indicating that vegetation coverage increases more rapidly in karst area. 3) Vegetation coverage in the study area is stable overall, but fluctuates in the local scales. 4) Vegetation coverage presents a continuous increasing trend. The Hurst exponent of NDVI in different vegetation types has an obvious threshold in various elevations. 5) The proportion of vegetation cover with sustainable increase is higher than that of vegetation cover with sustainable decrease. The improvement in vegetation cover may expand to most parts of the study area.

A New Dual Polarized Aperture-Coupled Printed Array for SAR Applications

This paper presents a new design of dual polarized aperture coupled printed antenna array. The finite difference time domain (FDTD) analysis of an aperture coupled microstrip element is performed, and the effects of antenna parameters on its characteristics are obtained to guide the design of the printed array. Then an 8×2 dual polarized array design in X band is introduced with configuration plots. In order to improve its isolation and cross polarization, an outphase displacement feeding technique is adopted in the feed network. Also, the round bends are used instead of conventional right angle bends so as to achieve better VSWR performance. Experimental results are presented, indicating the validity of the design. This dual polarized array can be applied as a sub array of spaceborne SAR systems.

Compositional and Structural Difference of Fulvic Acid from Black Soil Applied with Different Organic Materials: Assessment After Three Years

Knowledge of different effects of various organic materials on soil humic substance is important for both environmental safety and sustainable agriculture.A pot experiment was conducted at Jilin Agricultural University,Jilin Province in northeast China to discover the influence of herb residue,animal excrement,woody residue,animal remnant on fulvic acid（FA） composition and structure using differential thermal analysis-thermogravimetric（DTA-TG）,fourier transform infrared spectroscopy（FTIR） and elemental analysis.DTA-TG showed the range of peak temperature in the first exothermic reaction increased following the trend： CK〉herb residue〉animal excrement〉woody residue=animal remnant,and the most weight loss was observed in animal excrement.Moreover,the second exothermic reaction of CK-and animal excrement-FA was presented as double peaks,the order of weight loss in that area was animal remnant〉CK〉woody residue〉animal excrement〉herb residue.According to FTIR,herb residue displayed higher adsorption intensity at 2 950,1 420,1 240 and 1 030 cm-1,animal excrement was in reverse.At the same time,herb residue-and animal excrement-FA had an absorption peak at 1 720 cm-1,while other organic materials didn＇t have this peak.As elemental analysis showed,FA isolated from various treatments was significantly distinct.It was clearly shown from our results that FA composition and structure in amended soils may be affected in different ways and at various extents on dependence of the nature and origin of amendment.

FRP Retrofitted RC Slabs Using Finite Difference Model

Current guidelines recommend using single-degree-of-freedom(SDOF) method for dynamic analysis of reinforced concretec (RC) structures against blast loads, which is not suitable for retrofitted members. Thus, a finite difference procedure developed in another study was used to accurately and efficiently analyze the dynamic response of fibre reinforced polymer (FRP) plated members under blast loads. It can accommodate changes in the mechanical properties of a member's cross section along its length and through its depth in each time step, making it possible to directly incorporate both strain rate effects (which will vary along the length and depth of a member) and non-uniform member loading to solve the partial differential equation of motion. The accuracy of the proposed method was validated in part using data from field blast testing. The finite difference procedure is implemented easily and enables accurate predictions of FRP-plated-member response.

Three-dimensional free bio-convection of nanofluid near stagnation point on general curved isothermal surface

In this paper, the three-dimensional nanofluid bio-convection near a stagnation attachment is studied. With a set of similarity variables, the governing equations embodying the conservation of total mass, momentum, thermal energy, nanoparticles and microorganisms are reduced to a set of fully coupled nonlinear differential equations. The homotopy analysis method （HAM）-finite difference method （FDM） technique is used to obtain exact solutions. The effect of various physical parameters on distribution of the motile microorganisms and the important physical quantities of practical interests are presented and discussed.

Three-dimensional finite difference analysis of shallow sprayed concrete tunnels crossing a reverse fault or a normal fault: A parametric study

Urban tunnels crossing faults are always at the risk of severe damages.In this paper,the efects of a reverse and a normal fault movement on a transversely crossing shallow shotcreted tunnel are investigated by 3D finite difference analysis.After verifying the accuracy of the numerical simulation predictions with the centrifuge physical model results,a parametric study is then conducted.That is,theleffects of various parameters such as the sprayed concrete thickness,the geo-mechanical properties of soil,the tunnel depth,and the fault plane dip angle are studied on the displacements of the ground surface and the tunnel structure,and on the plastic strains of the soil mass around tunnel.The results of each case of reverse and normal faulting are independently discussed and then compared with each other.It is obtained that deeper tunnels show greater displacements for both types of faulting.

Assessment of Flue Gas Reinjecting Operating Strategy in Performance of CCHP System using Energy Level Difference Analysis

A proper operating strategy is helpful to improve the off-design performance of combined cooling,heating and power(CCHP)systems,providing high efficiency and low emission.The energy level difference graphic analysis method is used to identify energy level as well as exergy destruction of the part-load process.This method illustrates the energy efficiency upgrading mechanism of the flue gas reinjecting(FGR)operating strategy.It is referenced to a reducing turbine inlet temperature(TIT)operating strategy.By comparison,the FGR operating strategy leads to a 2.62%exergy distribution reduction in a gas turbine at an 85%load level due to the decrease of the energy level difference.When the output power is reduced further,the FGR operating strategy is supplanted by the TIT operating strategy with the limit of compressor inlet temperature.However,the opposite results of exergy distribution are presented in the exhaust-heat recovery devices.A heat-driven refrigeration and power cycle is introduced in a typical CCHP system as a solution.Moreover,the results suggest that the operational flexibility of the CCHP system is improved by enlarging the ratio of cooling to electricity.

Rapid recognition of Chinese herbal pieces of Areca catechu by different concocted processes using Fourier transform mid-infrared and near-infrared spectroscopy combined with partial least-squares discriminant analysis

Rapid and sensitive recognition of herbal pieces according to different concocted processing is crucial to quality control and pharmaceutical effect. Near-infrared （NIR） and mid-infrared （MIR） technology combined with supervised pattern recognition based on partial least-squares discriminant analysis （PLSDA） was attempted to classify and recognize six different concocted processing pieces of 600 Areca catechu L. samples and the influence of fingerprint information preprocessing methods on recognition performance was also investigated in this work. Recognition rates of 99.24%, 100% and 99.49% for original fingerprint, multiple scatter correct （MSC） fingerprint and second derivative （2nd derivative） fingerprint of NIR spectra were achieved by PLSDA models, respectively. Meanwhile, a perfect recognition rate of 100% was obtained for the above three fingerprint models of MIR spectra. In conclusion, PLSDA can rapidly and effectively extract otherness of fingerprint information from NIR and MIR spectra to identify different concocted herbal pieces ofA. catechu.

Spectral difference analysis and identification of different maturity blueberry fruit based on hyperspectral imaging using spectral index

Hyperspectral imaging,with many narrow bands of spectra,is strongly capable to detect or classify objects.It has been become one research hotspot in the field of near-ground remote sensing.However,the higher demands for computing and complex operating of instrument are still the bottleneck for hyperspectral imaging technology applied in field.Band selection is a common way to reduce the dimensionality of hyperspectral imaging cube and simplify the design of spectral imaging instrument.In this research,hyperspectral images of blueberry fruit were collected both in the laboratory and in field.A set of spectral bands were selected by analyzing the differences among blueberry fruits at different growth stages and backgrounds.Furthermore,a normalized spectral index was set up using the bands selected to identify the three growth stages of blueberry fruits,aiming to eliminate the impact of background included leaf,branch,soil,illumination variation and so on.Two classifiers of spectral angle mapping(SAM),multinomial logistic regression(MLR)and classification tree were used to verify the results of identification of blueberry fruit.The detection accuracy was 82.1%for SAM classifier using all spectral bands,88.5%for MLR classifier using selected bands and 89.8%for decision tree using the spectral index.The results indicated that the normalization spectral index can both lower the complexity of computing and reduce the impact of noisy background in field.