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Computer Use among Different Gender Medical Students in Inner Mongolia Medical University in China
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作者 Lan Wang Zhuang Su +5 位作者 Baofeng Chi Ying Yang Chengcheng Yin Jiao Zhou Yuan Xia Juan Sun 《Open Journal of Epidemiology》 2016年第1期23-27,共5页
Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the difference of computer use and the negative effects for different gender in the Medical University of Inner Mongolia. Methods: A cross-sectional census was cond... Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the difference of computer use and the negative effects for different gender in the Medical University of Inner Mongolia. Methods: A cross-sectional census was conducted on medical students on campus in 2013. Descriptive results were expressed as percentage, prevalence and means ± S.D. Gender differences of using computer time and using computer purpose for male and female students were analyzed by chi-square test. Results: Students using computer more than three hours per day had higher headache prevalence and poor academic performance prevalence than that less than three hours per day. The prevalence of male students using computer more than three hours per day was significantly higher than female students (x<sup>2</sup> = 72.92, p p < 0.001). Conclusion: Using computer for long time brings more students headache and poor academic performance. These results suggest that using computer time reasonably and learning efficiently among university students are necessary, especially for male. 展开更多
关键词 different gender Computer Use PURPOSE HEADACHE Academic Performance
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A Comprehensive Study on Gender Language and Its Differences in China
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作者 Suofeiya Fan 《Journal of Contemporary Educational Research》 2024年第7期187-191,共5页
The study of language and gender,especially the study of gender language differences involves many fields such as psychology,sociology,anthropology,language and literature,news media,education,and so on.Starting from ... The study of language and gender,especially the study of gender language differences involves many fields such as psychology,sociology,anthropology,language and literature,news media,education,and so on.Starting from the broad definition of gender language,this paper composes and reviews the research history of domestic gender language and its differences.Around the research history of domestic gender language,the research period is divided according to the timeline into germination,genesis,and growth.Divided by theme and content,the main content is the phenomenon of sexism in language;the second is the study of gender language style differences;the third is the root causes of sexism and verbal gender differences,i.e.,the construction of the corresponding theories;and the fourth is the discussion of the limitations of the study of gender language in foreign countries. 展开更多
关键词 Language and gender gender language differences Language differences
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Caloric restriction-mimetics for the reduction of heart failure risk in aging heart: with consideration of gender-related differences 被引量:4
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作者 Lei Pang Xi Jiang +6 位作者 Xin Lian Jie Chen Er-Fei Song Lei-Gang Jin Zheng-Yuan Xia Hai-Chun Ma Yin Cai 《Military Medical Research》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2023年第1期113-133,共21页
The literature is full of claims regarding the consumption of polyphenol or polyamine-rich foods that offer some protection from developing cardiovascular disease(CVD). This is achieved by preventing cardiac hypertrop... The literature is full of claims regarding the consumption of polyphenol or polyamine-rich foods that offer some protection from developing cardiovascular disease(CVD). This is achieved by preventing cardiac hypertrophy and protecting blood vessels through improving the function of endothelium. However, do these interventions work in the aged human hearts? Cardiac aging is accompanied by an increase in left ventricular hypertrophy, along with diastolic and systolic dysfunction. It also confers significant cardiovascular risks for both sexes. The incidence and prevalence of CVD increase sharply at an earlier age in men than women. Furthermore, the patterns of heart failure differ between sexes, as do the lifetime risk factors. Do caloric restriction(CR)-mimetics, rich in polyphenol or polyamine, delay or reverse cardiac aging equally in both men and women? This review will discuss three areas:(1) mechanisms underlying age-related cardiac remodeling;(2) gender-related differences and potential mechanisms underlying diminished cardiac response in older men and women;(3) we select a few polyphenol or polyamine rich compounds as the CRmimetics, such as resveratrol, quercetin, curcumin, epigallocatechin gallate and spermidine, due to their capability to extend health-span and induce autophagy. We outline their abilities and issues on retarding aging in animal hearts and preventing CVD in humans. We discuss the confounding factors that should be considered for developing therapeutic strategies against cardiac aging in humans. 展开更多
关键词 Cardiovascular disease Cardiac aging Caloric restriction gender difference Caloric restriction-mimetics Dietary compounds Clinical application
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Doing Gender Well and Differently in Management
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作者 于英 《科技视界》 2014年第22期167-167,共1页
The purpose of this paper is to revisit theoretical positions on gender and the implications for gender in management by building upon current research on doing gender well and re-doing or undoing gender and argue tha... The purpose of this paper is to revisit theoretical positions on gender and the implications for gender in management by building upon current research on doing gender well and re-doing or undoing gender and argue that gender can be done well and differently through simultaneous,multiple enactments of femininity and masculinity. 展开更多
关键词 Doing gender differently gender with entrepreneurship Management theory
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Gender Differences in the Incidence and Related Factors of Low Social Support among Adolescents with Subthreshold Depression
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作者 Yi Shi Fangfang Shangguan Jing Xiao 《International Journal of Mental Health Promotion》 2023年第12期1257-1263,共7页
Background:Social support is related to depression,but the gender differences and related factors that contribute to low social support among adolescents with subthreshold depression remain to be elucidated.This study... Background:Social support is related to depression,but the gender differences and related factors that contribute to low social support among adolescents with subthreshold depression remain to be elucidated.This study explores the relationship between social support and depression,in addition to the gender difference in the incidence of low social support among adolescents with subthreshold depression and its related factors.Methods:A total of 371 Chinese adolescents with subthreshold depression were recruited.All subjects were rated on the Social Support Scale for Adolescents,the Response Style Scale,the Self-Perception Profile for Children,the Individualism-collectivism scale.Results:Binary logistic regression indicated that the stability dimension of cognitive style,the generality dimension of the Cognitive Style Questionnaire,and the social acceptance dimension of the Self-Perception Profile for Children scale were significantly correlated with social support level in male adolescents with subthreshold depression.In contrast,the total score of the Self-Perception Profile for Children scale,the social acceptance of the Self-Perception Profile for Children scale,total individualism,and total collectivism were significantly correlated with social support level in female adolescents with subthreshold depression.Limitations:This study is a cross-sectional study,and its effectiveness in explaining factors that influence levels of social support is limited.Conclusions:The gender difference between low social support among adolescents with subthreshold depression is related to cognitive style,self-perception,and collectivism–individualism. 展开更多
关键词 gender difference subthreshold depression social support SELF-PERCEPTION cognitive style
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A Study on Gender Differences in Speech Interaction Behaviors of Preschool Teachers-Based on the Improved Flanders Interactive Analysis System(iFIAS)
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作者 Weiyao XIAO 《Sino-US English Teaching》 2023年第12期493-500,共8页
The issue of the extremely imbalanced gender ratio in preschool teachers has received widespread attention,and there are few studies on teacher-child verbal interaction behavior based on gender differences in preschoo... The issue of the extremely imbalanced gender ratio in preschool teachers has received widespread attention,and there are few studies on teacher-child verbal interaction behavior based on gender differences in preschool teachers.This article takes the“Little Light Bulb Is On”,a scientific exploration activity done by 5-6 years old kindergarten students as an example,and uses the improved Flanders Interaction Analysis System(iFIAS)as a tool to analyze the speech interaction behavior of male and female preschool teachers.The research results indicate that there are gender differences in teacher child language interaction between male and female teachers in terms of the atmosphere,the teaching structure,the teaching tendency,the way of raising questions,and the overall trend of interaction. 展开更多
关键词 verbal interaction gender differences Flanders Interactive Analysis System kindergarten science activities
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Classification of musical hallucinations and the characters along with neural-molecular mechanisms of musical hallucinations associated with psychiatric disorders
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作者 Xin Lian Wei Song +1 位作者 Tian-Mei Si Naomi Zheng Lian 《World Journal of Psychiatry》 SCIE 2024年第9期1386-1396,共11页
BACKGROUND Musical hallucinations(MH)involve the false perception of music in the absence of external stimuli which links with different etiologies.The pathomechanisms of MH encompass various conditions.The etiologica... BACKGROUND Musical hallucinations(MH)involve the false perception of music in the absence of external stimuli which links with different etiologies.The pathomechanisms of MH encompass various conditions.The etiological classification of MH is of particular importance and offers valuable insights to understand MH,and further to develop the effective treatment of MH.Over the recent decades,more MH cases have been reported,revealing newly identified medical and psychiatric causes of MH.Functional imaging studies reveal that MH activates a wide array of brain regions.An up-to-date analysis on MH,especially on MH comorbid psychiatric conditions is warranted.AIM To propose a new classification of MH;to study the age and gender differences of MH in mental disorders;and neuropathology of MH.METHODS Literatures searches were conducted using keywords such as“music hallucination,”“music hallucination and mental illness,”“music hallucination and gender difference,”and“music hallucination and psychiatric disease”in the databases of PubMed,Google Scholar,and Web of Science.MH cases were collected and categorized based on their etiologies.The t-test and ANOVA were employed(P<0.05)to compare the age differences of MH different etiological groups.Function neuroimaging studies of neural networks regulating MH and their possible molecular mechanisms were discussed.RESULTS Among the 357 yielded publications,294 MH cases were collected.The average age of MH cases was 67.9 years,with a predominance of females(66.8%females vs 33.2%males).MH was classified into eight groups based on their etiological mechanisms.Statistical analysis of MH cases indicates varying associations with psychiatric diagnoses.CONCLUSION We carried out a more comprehensive review of MH studies.For the first time according to our knowledge,we demonstrated the psychiatric conditions linked and/or associated with MH from statistical,biological and molecular point of view. 展开更多
关键词 PATHOMECHANISM Etiological factors CLASSIFICATION gender difference Neuropathway Psychotic musical hallucination and non-psychotic musical hallucination Neuropathway Biological and molecular mechanism
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Gender differences in ghrelin, nociception genes, psychological factors and quality of life in functional dyspepsia 被引量:16
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作者 Yoon Jin Choi Young Soo Park +4 位作者 Nayoung Kim Yong Sung Kim Sun Min Lee Dong Ho Lee Hyun Chae Jung 《World Journal of Gastroenterology》 SCIE CAS 2017年第45期8053-8061,共9页
AIM to evaluate gender differences in the aspect of ghrelin,nociception-related genes and psychological aspects and the quality of life(Qo L) in Korean functional dyspepsia(FD) patients.METHODS Total of 191 persons we... AIM to evaluate gender differences in the aspect of ghrelin,nociception-related genes and psychological aspects and the quality of life(Qo L) in Korean functional dyspepsia(FD) patients.METHODS Total of 191 persons were prospectively enrolled between March 2013 and May 2016 in Seoul National Bundang Hospital,and classified into control and FD group based on ROME Ⅲ criteria. Questionnaire included assessment for dyspepsia symptoms,Qo L and anxiety or depression. Preproghrelin and nociception genes in the gastric mucosa and plasma acyl/des-acyl ghrelin were measured. RESULTS Lower level of plasma acyl ghrelin in FD patients compared to control was significant only in male(15.9 fmol/m L vs 10.4 fmol/m L,P = 0.017). Significantly higher m RNA expressions of nerve growth factor and transient receptor potential vanilloid receptor 1 were observed in male(P = 0.002 and P = 0.014,respectively) than in female. In contrast,female FD patients had a higher anxiety and depression score than male FD(P = 0.029),and anxiety score was correlated with epigastric pain only in female FD patients(female: Spearman rho = 0.420,P = 0.037). The impairment of overall Qo L was more prominent in female FD patients than male patients(5.4 ± 0.3 vs 6.5 ± 0.3,P = 0.020). CONCLUSION Gender differences of ghrelin and nociception-related genes in male and psychological factors in female underlie FD symptoms. More careful assessment of psychological or emotional status is required particularly for the female FD patients. 展开更多
关键词 Functional dyspepsia gender differences Quality of life
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High fat diet feeding results in gender specific steatohepatitis and inflammasome activation 被引量:10
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作者 Michal Ganz Timea Csak Gyongyi Szabo 《World Journal of Gastroenterology》 SCIE CAS 2014年第26期8525-8534,共10页
AIM: To develop an animal model that encompasses the different facets of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), which has been a challenge.
关键词 gender differences Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis INFLAMMASOME High fat diet
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Gender inequalities in physical activity among adolescents from 64 Global South countries 被引量:5
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作者 Luiza Isnardi Cardoso Ricardo Andrea Wendt +5 位作者 Caroline dos Santos Costa Gregore Iven Mielke Javier Brazo-Sayavera Asaduzzaman Khan Tracy L Kolbe-Alexander Inacio Crochemore-Silva 《Journal of Sport and Health Science》 SCIE 2022年第4期509-520,共12页
Purpose:The aims of this study were to(a)describe gender inequalities in physical activity(PA)among adolescents from Global South countries,and(b)investigate the relationship between gender inequalities in PA and cont... Purpose:The aims of this study were to(a)describe gender inequalities in physical activity(PA)among adolescents from Global South countries,and(b)investigate the relationship between gender inequalities in PA and contextual factors,such as geographic region,human development index,gender inequality index,and unemployment rates.Methods:We analyzed cross-sectional data from the Global School-Based Student Health Survey conducted in Global South countries between 2010 and 2020 among 13-to 17-year-old adolescents.Country-context variables were retrieved from secondary data sources(World Health Organization,World Bank,and Human Development Reports).PA was assessed by a self-administered questionnaire querying the number of days in the past week in which participants were physically active for a total of at least 60 min.PA absolute gender inequalities were evaluated by the differences in the prevalence between boys and girls,95%confidence intervals(95%CIs)were estimated using the bootstrap method.Relative inequalities were obtained through Poisson regression.Meta-analyses with random effects were used to calculate pooled estimates of absolute and relative inequalities.Results:Based on 64 Global South countries/surveys,the prevalence of PA was 6.7 percentage points(p.p.)higher in boys than in girls,ranging from 0.5 p.p.in Afghanistan to 15.6 p.p.in Laos(I^(2)=85.1%).The pooled ratio for all countries showed that boys presented a PA prevalence 1.58 times higher than girls(95%CI:1.47-1.70)on average.The highest absolute and relative inequalities were observed in high income countries.Countries with higher Human Development Index rankings and lower Gender Inequality Index rankings also presented greater gender differences.Conclusion:Given that girls are overall less active than boys across the globe,the findings of this study reinforce that macro-and micro-level changes should be actively sought if we aim to increase population levels of PA in adolescents and promote equity in PA. 展开更多
关键词 Adolescents gender differences Physical activity Social inequalities STUDENTS
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Gender differences in clinical outcomes of acute myocardial infarction undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention: insights from the KAMIR-NIH Registry 被引量:4
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作者 Myunhee Lee Dae-Won Kim +19 位作者 Mahn-Won Park Kyusup Lee Kiyuk Chang Wook Sung Chung Tae Hoon Ahn Myung Ho Jeong Seung-Woon Rha Hyo-Soo Kim Hyeon Cheol Gwon In Whan Seong Kyung Kuk Hwang Shung Chull Chae Kwon-Bae Kim Young Jo Kim Kwang Soo Cha Seok Kyu Oh Jei Keon Chae Ji-Hoon Jung KAMIR-NIH registry investigators 《Journal of Geriatric Cardiology》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2020年第11期680-693,共14页
Background There are numerous but conflicting data regarding gender differences in outcomes following percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI). Furthermore, gender differences in clinical outcomes with acute myocardial... Background There are numerous but conflicting data regarding gender differences in outcomes following percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI). Furthermore, gender differences in clinical outcomes with acute myocardial infarction(AMI) following PCI in Asian population remain uncertain because of the under-representation of Asian in previous trials. Methods A total of 13,104 AMI patients from Korea Acute Myocardial Infarction Registry-National Institute of Health(KAMIR-NIH) between November 2011 and December 2015 were classified into male(n = 8021, 75.9%) and female(n = 2547, 24.1%). We compared the demographic, clinical and angiographic characteristics, 30-days and 1-year major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events(MACCE) in women with those in men after AMI by using propensity score(PS) matching. Results Compared with men, women were older, had more comorbidities and more often presented with non-ST segment elevation myocardial infarction(NSTEMI) and reduced left ventricular systolic function. Over the median follow-up of 363 days, gender differences in both 30-days and 1-year MACCE as well as thrombolysis in myocardial infarction minor bleeding risk were not observed in the PS matched population(30-days MACCE: 5.3% vs. 4.7%, log-rank P = 0.494, HR = 1.126, 95% CI: 0.800-1.585;1-year MACCE: 9.3% vs. 9.0%, log-rank P = 0.803, HR = 1.032, 95% CI: 0.802-1.328;TIMI minor bleeding: 4.9% vs. 3.9%, log-rank P = 0.215, HR = 1.255, 95% CI: 0.869-1.814). Conclusions Among Korean AMI population undergoing contemporary PCI, women, as compared with men, had different clinical and angiographic characteristics but showed similar 30-days and 1-year clinical outcomes. The risk of bleeding after PCI was comparable between men and women during one-year follow up. 展开更多
关键词 Acute myocardial infarction Asian population gender difference Percutaneous coronary intervention
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Gender difference in the neuroprotective effect of rat bone marrow mesenchymal cells against hypoxiainduced apoptosis of retinal ganglion cells 被引量:5
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作者 Jing Yuan Jian-xiong Yu 《Neural Regeneration Research》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2016年第5期846-853,共8页
Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells can reduce retinal ganglion cell death and effectively prevent vision loss. Previously, we found that during differentiation, female rhesus monkey bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells ... Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells can reduce retinal ganglion cell death and effectively prevent vision loss. Previously, we found that during differentiation, female rhesus monkey bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells acquire a higher neurogenic potential compared with male rhesus monkey bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. This suggests that female bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells have a stronger neuroprotective effect than male bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. Here, we first isolated and cultured bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells from female and male rats by density gradient centrifugation. Retinal tissue from newborn rats was prepared by enzymatic digestion to obtain primary retinal ganglion cells. Using the transwell system, retinal ganglion cells were co-cultured with bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells under hypoxia. Cell apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry and caspase-3 activity assay. We found a marked increase in apoptotic rate and caspase-3 activity of retinal ganglion cells after 24 hours of hypoxia compared with normoxia. Moreover, apoptotic rate and caspase-3 activity of retinal ganglion cells significantly decreased with both female and male bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell co-culture under hypoxia compared with culture alone, with more significant effects from female bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. Our results indicate that bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells exert a neuroprotective effect against hypoxia-induced apoptosis of retinal ganglion cells, and also that female cells have greater neuroprotective ability compared with male cells. 展开更多
关键词 nerve regeneration optic nerve injury bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells retinal ganglion cells NEUROPROTECTION hypoxic injury gender difference transwell system CO-CULTURE cell apoptosis flow cytometry caspase-3 neural regeneration
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Gender differences in the efficacy of cardiovascular rehabilitation in patients after cardiac surgery procedures 被引量:2
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作者 Mauro Feola Sonia Garnero +4 位作者 Beatrice Daniele Claudia Memo Fabio Dell'Aira Giuliana Chizzolini Marzia Testa 《Journal of Geriatric Cardiology》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2015年第5期575-579,共5页
Cardiac rehabilitation (CR) programs are well known to improve patients' functional status after cardiac surgery and are recommended by current guideline. In fact, they pro- mote not only structured physical exerci... Cardiac rehabilitation (CR) programs are well known to improve patients' functional status after cardiac surgery and are recommended by current guideline. In fact, they pro- mote not only structured physical exercises but also a complete secondary prevention determining an overall reduction in recurrent cardiac events and an improvement in functional, psychosocial status and survival. 展开更多
关键词 Cardiac rehabilitation Cardiovascular disease gender differences
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Gender differences in adolescent dry eye disease:a health problem in girls 被引量:5
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作者 Masahiko Ayaki Motoko Kawashima +2 位作者 Miki Uchino Kazuo Tsubota Kazuno Negishi 《International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition)》 SCIE CAS 2018年第2期301-307,共7页
AIM: To evaluate the signs and symptoms of dry eye disease(DED) in adolescents. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional, case-control study and outpatients aged 10 to 19y were recruited from six eye clinics of various... AIM: To evaluate the signs and symptoms of dry eye disease(DED) in adolescents. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional, case-control study and outpatients aged 10 to 19y were recruited from six eye clinics of various practices and locations in Japan, and 253 non-DED subjects and 70 DED patients were enrolled. Participants were examined for DED-related signs. Patients were also interviewed to ascertain the presence or absence of six common DED-related symptoms: dryness, irritation, pain, eye fatigue, blurring, and photophobia. Main outcome measures were differences in signs and symptoms of dry eye disease between boys and girls.RESULTS: Of the 323 adolescents recruited, 70(21.7%) were diagnosed with DED. Significant differences between the non-DED and DED groups were found for short tear break-up time(BUT; ≤5s; P=0.000) and superficial punctate keratopathy(SPK; staining score ≥3; P=0.000). Late adolescent girls reported fewer symptoms than late adolescent boys, although their DED-related signs were worse compared to other groups. The prevalence and severity of DED were similar in the Tokyo area compared with suburban and local areas but myopic errors were worse. CONCLUSION: We find that adolescents reported symptoms of DED similar to those found in adults, and the majority have short BUT-type DED. The prevalence and severity of DED in late adolescent girls is comparable with adults. Adolescents with DED are underserved and we believe that DED is a hidden but potentially serious health problem for this age group. 展开更多
关键词 dry eye disease adolescence gender difference
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Gender disparity in COVID-19: Role of sex steroid hormones 被引量:1
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作者 Anuja Lipsa Jyothi S Prabhu 《Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine》 SCIE CAS 2021年第1期5-9,共5页
The emerging pandemic of COVID-19 caused by the novel pathogenic human coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 has caused significant morbidity and mortality across the globe,prompting the scientific world to search for preventive mea... The emerging pandemic of COVID-19 caused by the novel pathogenic human coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 has caused significant morbidity and mortality across the globe,prompting the scientific world to search for preventive measures to interrupt the disease process.Demographic data indicates gender-based differences in COVID-19 morbidity with better outcome amongst females.Disparity in sex-dependent morbidity and mortality in COVID-19 patients may be attributed to difference in levels of sex steroid hormones-androgens and estrogens.Evidence suggests that apart from the regulation of viral host factors,immunomodulatory and cardioprotective roles exerted by estrogen and progesterone may provide protection to females against COVID-19.Exploring the underlying mechanisms and beneficial effects of these hormones as an adjuvant to existing therapy may be a step towards improving the outcomes.This article aims to review studies demonstrating the role of sex steroidal hormones in modulating SARS-CoV-2 host factors and summarize plausible biological reasons for sex-based differences seen in COVID-19 mortality. 展开更多
关键词 SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 gender differences Steroid hormones ESTROGENS ANDROGENS
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Gender-based differences in cardiac diseases 被引量:1
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作者 Colleen E.Clancy 《The Journal of Biomedical Research》 CAS 2011年第2期81-89,共9页
It has been observed that the incidence of heart failure and Brugada syndrome are higher in men, while women are more likely to have QT interval prolongation and develop torsades de pointes (TdP). Over the past deca... It has been observed that the incidence of heart failure and Brugada syndrome are higher in men, while women are more likely to have QT interval prolongation and develop torsades de pointes (TdP). Over the past decade, new studies have improved our understanding of the mechanisms of abnormal repolarization and the relationship between gender differences in cardiac repolarization and presentation of clinical syndromes. Nevertheless, the causes of gender-based differences in cardiac disease are still not completely clear. This review paper briefly summarized what is currently known about gender differences in heart failure, Brugada syndrome and long QT syndrome from molecular mechanisms to clinical presentations. 展开更多
关键词 gender differences heart failure Brugada syndrome long QT
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A Socio-pragmatic Analysis of Gender Differences in Gossip Girl
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作者 周瑶 《英语广场(学术研究)》 2016年第3期32-38,共7页
The paper employs the method of discourse analysis to analyze males' and females' differences in cross-gender conversations in Gossip Girl from the perspective of Searle's Indirect Speech Act Theory, Grice... The paper employs the method of discourse analysis to analyze males' and females' differences in cross-gender conversations in Gossip Girl from the perspective of Searle's Indirect Speech Act Theory, Grice's Cooperative Principle, and Leech's Politeness Principle. The study found that females tend to abide by Cooperative Principle, while males are more likely to fl out the CP, and that female characters are used to making requests or suggestions by raising question in a euphemistic way; while males concern less about courtesy, women always attach a great deal of importance to saving others' face in daily conversation. The paper contributed to reducing misunderstanding in cross-gender communication. 展开更多
关键词 gender differences Indirect Speech Act Theory Cooperative Principle Politeness Principle
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Gender differences in challenging behaviors,management and outcomes in elderly patients with delirium
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作者 Jihui Lv Qing Shen +5 位作者 Daniel Kan Yin Chan Anne Hoolahan Xi Zheng Bin Ong Sharon Reutens Zheng Chen 《Neural Regeneration Research》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2010年第10期796-800,共5页
BACKGROUND: Gender differences have been reported in some common mental disorders. However, few studies have monitored gender differences in individuals with delirium. OBJECTIVE: To explore gender differences in cha... BACKGROUND: Gender differences have been reported in some common mental disorders. However, few studies have monitored gender differences in individuals with delirium. OBJECTIVE: To explore gender differences in challenging behaviors, management and outcomes in age-matched elderly patients with delirium.DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING: A retrospective cohort study was performed in the Bankstown-Lidcombe Hospital, Sydney, Australia, from October 2008 to April 2009. METHODS: Patients, aged 65-90 years, diagnosed with delirium according to the International Classification of Diseases (ICD)-10 in the Psychogeriatric Unit of Bankstown Lidcombe Hospital from January 2002 to October 2008 were reviewed. All the patients were measured according to the Confusion Assessment Method upon admission. Those who developed delirium during hospitalization were excluded.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Cause of delirium, wandering, aggression, duration of delirium, physical restraint, use of antipsychotic medicine, recovery from delirium, discharge back home, length of stay, one-to-one nursing care, falls and absconding rate.RESULTS: The 131 age-matched delirious patients comprised 54 males and 77 females. The behavioral disorders of wandering [odds ration (OR) = 2.612, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.26 -5.413, P = 0.009] and aggression (OR = 2.243, 95% CI = 1.028 - 4.891, P= 0.04) were more frequent in males than in females. More males received one-to-one nursing care (OR = 4.114, 95% CI = 1.355 - 12.491, P = 0.008), were more likely to receive antipsychotic medications (OR = 2.24, 95% CI = 1.095-4.583, P = 0.021) and more likely to be physically restrained (OR = 2.07, 95% CI = 1.02-1.02, P = 0.043) compared with female patients. All absconding patients (3/131, 2.3%) were male. In addition, male patients displayed a greater falling rate compared with females (OR = 4.57, 95% CI= 1.519-13.722, P = 0.004).CONCLUSION: There are gender differences in challenging behaviors, management and outcomes in elderly delirious patients. Males with delirium display more challenging behaviors that require physical restraint and pharmacological management including wandering and aggression; males also abscond and have a higher rate of falls compared with female patients. 展开更多
关键词 DELIRIUM challenging behaviors gender difference elderly patients
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Drug-abusing Offenders with Co-morbid Mental Disorders:Gender Differences in Problem Severity,Treatment Participation,and Recidivism
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作者 DU Jiang HUANG David +1 位作者 ZHAO Min HSER Yih Ing 《Biomedical and Environmental Sciences》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2013年第1期32-39,共8页
Objective This study examined the gender differences in drug‐related problems and predictors of recidivism among a sample of 1444 offenders with co‐morbid drug abuse and mental disorders participating in California... Objective This study examined the gender differences in drug‐related problems and predictors of recidivism among a sample of 1444 offenders with co‐morbid drug abuse and mental disorders participating in California's Proposition 36 Program.Methods Background characteristics and problem severity in multiple key life areas were assessed at intake by using Addiction Severity Index,and drug treatment participation,mental health diagnoses and arrests were based on official records.Results Women demonstrated greater problem severity than men in family relationships,health,psychological health,and sexual and physical abuse history.Men on the other hand had greater criminal history,high rates of attention disorder,and psychotic disorder.More men than women were rearrested during the year after treatment admission.Logistic regression analyses showed that for the combined sample,male,young age,cocaine use(relative to methamphetamine),drug abuse severity,methadone treatment,arrest history and fewer prior treatment history were associated with higher recidivism at 12‐month follow‐up;lower education,cocaine use,and arrest history were related to women's recidivism,while young age,outpatient treatment,and arrest history were predictors of men's recidivism.Conclusion Although the specific type of mental disorder did not seem to be predictive of recidivism,the high rates of mental health disorder and arrest of this population is problematic.Intervention strategies taking into consideration gender‐specific problems and needs can improve outcomes for both. 展开更多
关键词 Drug abuse OFFENDER Mental disorder gender difference
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Gender differences in the etiology of heart failure: A systematic review
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作者 NahidAzad Anusha Kathiravelu Shabnam Minoosepeher Paul Hebert Dean Fergusson 《Journal of Geriatric Cardiology》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2011年第1期15-23,共9页
Background Heart failure (HF) is an increasing problem for the aging population, specifically among women. The etiology of HF influences both the selection and outcome of the treatment. There are variations between ... Background Heart failure (HF) is an increasing problem for the aging population, specifically among women. The etiology of HF influences both the selection and outcome of the treatment. There are variations between genders in morbidity and mortality in different studies, possibly reflecting etiology. The objective of this study was to examine the strength of evidence available for gender differences in the etiology of chronic heart failure. Methods Computer-assisted searches from 1980-2009 for gender differences in the etiology of heart failure were performed (Medline, EMBASE and PubMed). From 2347 abstracts reviewed based on inclusion criteria, 35 original articles were chosen for review. Data extraction was based on observational studies (prospective/retrospective cohort or cross sectional) with a mean follow up of 3 months. There was no interrater variability between the 2 reviewers on data-extraction. Results Ventricular systolic dysfunction being more associated with male sex, but female sex was more reported to be associated with preserved left ventricular function. Ischemic etiology and associated coronary heart disease were strongly correlated with male sex. The risk for HF was dramatically more elevated for women with systolic hypertension but the association for diabetes mellitus as the etiology of HF was somewhat equal between males and females. Conclusions One of the limitations in reaching conclusions about gender differences in cardiovascular disease is that many major clinical trials do not include a gender analysis nor they are powered to do so as women are under-represented in most of the HF studies. The need remains for a well designed prospective study of sufficient numbers of male and female patients with and without heart failure and analyzing etiology and risk factors based on the sex differences. 展开更多
关键词 heart failure gender differences ETIOLOGY
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