The concept of"ren"(仁) in The Analects of Confucius is at the core of Confucianism and has acquired rich connotations and a dis-tinguished position. Enormous differences in cultural background between the E...The concept of"ren"(仁) in The Analects of Confucius is at the core of Confucianism and has acquired rich connotations and a dis-tinguished position. Enormous differences in cultural background between the East and the West, however, result in varied under-standings of"ren". In this paper, a detailed comparison between Ku Hung-ming's translation of The Analects of Confucius andthat of James Legge's is made to analyze the the impact of different cultural background on the understanding and translation of"ren"in the relevant contexts. It is concluded that cultural difference exerts a great influence on the English versions of The Ana-lects of Confucius.展开更多
AIM: To investigate the Chinese version of the Low Vision Quality of Life Questionnaire(CLVQOL) as an instrument for obtaining clinically important changes after cataract surgery.METHODS: Patients underwent cataract s...AIM: To investigate the Chinese version of the Low Vision Quality of Life Questionnaire(CLVQOL) as an instrument for obtaining clinically important changes after cataract surgery.METHODS: Patients underwent cataract surgery in Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, who fit the inclusion criteria were recruited. Two CLVQOLs were administered, including a preoperative CLVQOL and a CLVQOL at the end of the 3 mo follow-up period, and were completed using face-to-face interviews or phone interviews conducted by trained investigators. The minimal clinically important difference(MCID) was calculated using an anchor-based method and a distribution method. In addition, the responsiveness of the questionnaire was measured.RESULTS: A total of 155 residents were enrolled. The average visual acuity(VA) preoperatively was 0.08(SD=0.05), and it increased to 0.47(SD=0.28) at the end of followup. Statistically significant positive changes in the CLVQOL scores indicated significant improvement of vision related quality of life after cataract surgery. With the larger value between the two results as the final value, the MCID values of the CLVQOL(scores of the four scales as well as the total score) were 8.94, 2.61, 4.34, 3.10 and 17.63, respectively. The CLVQOL has both good internal and external responsiveness.CONCLUSION: CLVQOL scores are appropriate instruments for obtaining clinically important changes after cataract surgery. This study is an effective exploration for establishingcataract surgery efficacy standards, which helps clinical and scientific research workers in ophthalmology to gain a more in-depth understanding when using CLVQOL.展开更多
Pride and Prejudice is the second published and the most attractive novel of Jane Austin.This paper compares Wang Keyi's version and Sun Zhili's version of Pride and Prejudice and points out the characteristic...Pride and Prejudice is the second published and the most attractive novel of Jane Austin.This paper compares Wang Keyi's version and Sun Zhili's version of Pride and Prejudice and points out the characteristics of the two different versions.This paper attempts to study what translation methods the two translators adopted,the differences between the two versions and the reason why the differences exist.展开更多
尽管多因素定价模型为学术界广泛接受,但其因子有效性源于公司基本面风险差异还是投资者预期差,依然存在分歧。选取账面—市值比B/M测度价值溢价,将其分解为账面—价值比(B/V)和价值—市值比(V/M),研究已有记载的7种风险假说是否能够充...尽管多因素定价模型为学术界广泛接受,但其因子有效性源于公司基本面风险差异还是投资者预期差,依然存在分歧。选取账面—市值比B/M测度价值溢价,将其分解为账面—价值比(B/V)和价值—市值比(V/M),研究已有记载的7种风险假说是否能够充分呈现价值溢价的因果逻辑。结果发现,B/M对预期收益率的解释力与V/M相当,而B/V的差异则不能解释预期收益率差异。进一步地,财务困境风险假说、个股现金流风险假说,既不能一致地解释B/M之间的差异,亦不能解释V/M之间的差异;股权隐含违约风险假说、系统性风险敏感性假说、市场现金流风险假说、营运杠杆风险假说、股权久期风险假说这五类理论,虽可解释B/V的差异,但无法解释V/M的差异。基于线性外推偏差假说和套利风险理论,讨论了V/M在市场上产生和持续存在的原因。研究支持行为金融学中价值溢价成因的预期差假说,对以Fama and French(1993)为代表的多因素模型在中国A股市场上是否可由风险理论所解释提出质疑,由此基于“价值溢价消失之谜”这一前沿学术问题提供了重要参考。展开更多
文摘The concept of"ren"(仁) in The Analects of Confucius is at the core of Confucianism and has acquired rich connotations and a dis-tinguished position. Enormous differences in cultural background between the East and the West, however, result in varied under-standings of"ren". In this paper, a detailed comparison between Ku Hung-ming's translation of The Analects of Confucius andthat of James Legge's is made to analyze the the impact of different cultural background on the understanding and translation of"ren"in the relevant contexts. It is concluded that cultural difference exerts a great influence on the English versions of The Ana-lects of Confucius.
文摘AIM: To investigate the Chinese version of the Low Vision Quality of Life Questionnaire(CLVQOL) as an instrument for obtaining clinically important changes after cataract surgery.METHODS: Patients underwent cataract surgery in Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, who fit the inclusion criteria were recruited. Two CLVQOLs were administered, including a preoperative CLVQOL and a CLVQOL at the end of the 3 mo follow-up period, and were completed using face-to-face interviews or phone interviews conducted by trained investigators. The minimal clinically important difference(MCID) was calculated using an anchor-based method and a distribution method. In addition, the responsiveness of the questionnaire was measured.RESULTS: A total of 155 residents were enrolled. The average visual acuity(VA) preoperatively was 0.08(SD=0.05), and it increased to 0.47(SD=0.28) at the end of followup. Statistically significant positive changes in the CLVQOL scores indicated significant improvement of vision related quality of life after cataract surgery. With the larger value between the two results as the final value, the MCID values of the CLVQOL(scores of the four scales as well as the total score) were 8.94, 2.61, 4.34, 3.10 and 17.63, respectively. The CLVQOL has both good internal and external responsiveness.CONCLUSION: CLVQOL scores are appropriate instruments for obtaining clinically important changes after cataract surgery. This study is an effective exploration for establishingcataract surgery efficacy standards, which helps clinical and scientific research workers in ophthalmology to gain a more in-depth understanding when using CLVQOL.
文摘Pride and Prejudice is the second published and the most attractive novel of Jane Austin.This paper compares Wang Keyi's version and Sun Zhili's version of Pride and Prejudice and points out the characteristics of the two different versions.This paper attempts to study what translation methods the two translators adopted,the differences between the two versions and the reason why the differences exist.
文摘尽管多因素定价模型为学术界广泛接受,但其因子有效性源于公司基本面风险差异还是投资者预期差,依然存在分歧。选取账面—市值比B/M测度价值溢价,将其分解为账面—价值比(B/V)和价值—市值比(V/M),研究已有记载的7种风险假说是否能够充分呈现价值溢价的因果逻辑。结果发现,B/M对预期收益率的解释力与V/M相当,而B/V的差异则不能解释预期收益率差异。进一步地,财务困境风险假说、个股现金流风险假说,既不能一致地解释B/M之间的差异,亦不能解释V/M之间的差异;股权隐含违约风险假说、系统性风险敏感性假说、市场现金流风险假说、营运杠杆风险假说、股权久期风险假说这五类理论,虽可解释B/V的差异,但无法解释V/M的差异。基于线性外推偏差假说和套利风险理论,讨论了V/M在市场上产生和持续存在的原因。研究支持行为金融学中价值溢价成因的预期差假说,对以Fama and French(1993)为代表的多因素模型在中国A股市场上是否可由风险理论所解释提出质疑,由此基于“价值溢价消失之谜”这一前沿学术问题提供了重要参考。
