Output Speed and Torque of Differential Double-Stator Swing Hydraulic Multimotors

A new type of differential double-stator swing hydraulic motor, based on double stator structure, was introduced. Compared with the traditional swing hydraulic motors, it could provide various kinds of rotational speeds and torques under the same conditions of input flow rate and pressure. The operating prindple and graphic symbols were described. The output speed and torque characters in multifarious connection modes were analyzed through single-acting differential double-stator swing hydraulic multi-motors. Then the differential connection modes and differential principles of differential double-stator swing hydraulic multi-motors were stated. Furthermore, the output speed and torque characters of double- acting and triple-acting ones in multifarious connection modes were gotten. The interaction between output torque and the displacement ratio was studied. Finally, the internal leakage that influenced the volumetric efficiency was researched. The theoretical and experimental researches show that the differential double-stutor swing hydraulic multi-motors can provide various kinds of rotational speeds and torques. Predictably, this new kind of swing hydraulic multi-motors has broad application prospects in machine tool equipments, engineering machineries, and simulation turntables.

Points regarding cell transplantation for the treatment of spinal cord injury

Transplantation of somatic cells,including bone marrow stromal cells（BMSCs）,bone marrow mononuclear cells（BMNCs）,and choroid plexus epithelial cells（CPECs）,enhances the outgrowth of regenerating axons and promotes locomotor improvements.They are not integrated into the host spinal cord,but disappear within 2-3 weeks after transplantation.Regenerating axons extend at the spinal cord lesion through the astrocyte-devoid area that is filled with connective tissue matrices.Regenerating axons have characteristics of peripheral nerves：they are associated with Schwann cells,and embedded in connective tissue matrices.It has been suggested that neurotrophic factors secreted from BMSCs and CPECs promote “intrinsic” ability of the spinal cord to regenerate.Transplanted Schwann cells survive long-term,and are integrated into the host spinal cord,serving as an effective scaffold for the outgrowth of regenerating axons in the spinal cord.The disadvantage that axons are blocked to extend through the glial scar at the border of the lesion is overcome.Schwann cells have been approved for clinical applications.Neural stem/progenitor cells（NSPCs） survive long-term,proliferate,and differentiate into glial cells and/or neurons after transplantation.No method is available at present to manipulate and control the behaviors of NPSCs to allow them to appropriately integrate into the host spinal cord.NPSP transplantation is not necessarily effective for locomotor improvement.

NEWTONIAN MECHANICS ON KAHLER MANIFOLD

In this paper we discuss Newtonian Mechanics on Kahler Manifold, and also givefoe complex mathematical aspects of Newton's law, the law of kinetic energy, the lawof kinetic quantity,the equation of motion and the 'general equation of dynamics',and so on.

MORPHOLOGICAL STUDY OF FETAL NEOCORTICAL TRANSPLANT GRAFTED TO THE CEREBRAL CORRESPONDING AREA IN YOUNG RATS DIFFERENTIATION OF IMMATURE NEURONS AND RECIPROCAL CONNECTIONS OF FIBERS BETWEEN GRAFT-HOST BRAIN

The fetal neocortical transplant (E15-17 days gestation) of Wistar rat was grafted to the corresponding neocortical region (frontal-parietal lobe) of the same strain in young rats (4-5 weeks old). On the 7th, 15th, 30th, 60th, 150th day after transplantation, the sections cut through the middle area of graft-ost brain were examined by HE, Nissl, Glees stain, immunohistochemical technique for GFAP and NF, Nissl, Glees stain, immunohistochemical technique for GFAP and NF, acetylcholinesterase (AChE) histochemistry as well as horseradish peroxidase (HRP) retrograde tracing with light microscope. Some of the sections were also examined with TEM. The result showed that most immature neurons within the graft can survive, grow, differentiate and mature, and are similar to the structure of the neocortical neurons of host brain. This study also provides patterns of integration of the interface between graft-host brain varying with the proliferation of reactive astrocyte as well as graft-host reciprocal connection of fibers.