Identification of Differentially Expressed Genes Associated with Cotton Fiber Development in a Chromosomal Substitution Line(CS-B22sh)

One of the impediments in the genetic improvement of cotton fiber is the paucity of information about genes associated with fiber development.Availability of chromosome arm substitution line CS-

High-quality genomes of Bombax ceiba and Ceiba pentandra provide insights into the evolution of Malvaceae species and differences in their natural fiber development

Members of the Malvaceae family,including Corchorus spp.,Gossypium spp.,Bombax spp.,and Ceiba spp.,are important sources of naturalfibers.In the past decade,the genomes of several Malvaceae species have been assembled;however,the evolutionary history of Malvaceae species and the differences in theirfiber development remain to be clarified.Here,we report the genome assembly and annotation of two nat-uralfiber plants from the Malvaceae,Bombax ceiba and Ceiba pentandra,whose assembled genome sizes are 783.56 Mb and 1575.47 Mb,respectively.Comparative analysis revealed that whole-genome duplication and Gypsy long terminal repeat retroelements have been the major causes of differences in chromosome number(2n=14 to 2n=96)and genome size(234 Mb to 2676 Mb)among Malvaceae species.We also used comparative genomic analyses to reconstruct the ancestral Malvaceae karyotype with 11 proto-chromo-somes,providing new insights into the evolutionary trajectories of Malvaceae species.MYB-MIXTA-like 3 is relatively conserved among the Malvaceae and functions infiber cell-fate determination in the epidermis.It appears to perform this function in any tissue where it is expressed,i.e.infibers on the endo-carp of B.ceiba and in ovulefibers of cotton.We identified a structural variation in a cellulose synthase gene and a higher copy number of cellulose synthase-like genes as possible causes of thefiner,less spinnable,weakerfibers of B.ceiba.Our study provides two high-quality genomes of naturalfiber plants and offers insights into the evolution of Malvaceae species and differences in their naturalfiber formation and devel-opment through multi-omics analysis.

High Differential Group Index of Dispersion Compensating Fibers for OCDMA Encoder/Decoder

We report the LPG pair device that can be used as a pulse duplicator or an OCDMA encoder/decoder. Due to the ring core region of dispersion compensating fiber (DCF), we can shorten the device length by a third and obtain surrounding insensitive LPG devices.

MORPHOLOGICAL STUDY OF FETAL NEOCORTICAL TRANSPLANT GRAFTED TO THE CEREBRAL CORRESPONDING AREA IN YOUNG RATS DIFFERENTIATION OF IMMATURE NEURONS AND RECIPROCAL CONNECTIONS OF FIBERS BETWEEN GRAFT-HOST BRAIN

The fetal neocortical transplant (E15-17 days gestation) of Wistar rat was grafted to the corresponding neocortical region (frontal-parietal lobe) of the same strain in young rats (4-5 weeks old). On the 7th, 15th, 30th, 60th, 150th day after transplantation, the sections cut through the middle area of graft-ost brain were examined by HE, Nissl, Glees stain, immunohistochemical technique for GFAP and NF, Nissl, Glees stain, immunohistochemical technique for GFAP and NF, acetylcholinesterase (AChE) histochemistry as well as horseradish peroxidase (HRP) retrograde tracing with light microscope. Some of the sections were also examined with TEM. The result showed that most immature neurons within the graft can survive, grow, differentiate and mature, and are similar to the structure of the neocortical neurons of host brain. This study also provides patterns of integration of the interface between graft-host brain varying with the proliferation of reactive astrocyte as well as graft-host reciprocal connection of fibers.