Differential Gene Expression Between Wheat Hybrids and Their Parental Inbreds in Primary Roots

To provide an insight into the molecular basis of heterosis, differential display of mRNA was used to analyze the difference of gene expression between wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) heterotic hybrid A, nonheterotic hybrid B and their parental inbreds in the primary roots. By using 5′ end random primers in combination with three one-base-anchored primers, it was found that 22.5% and 22.9% of 877 total displayed cDNAs were differentially expressed between hybrid A, B and their parents, respectively. Both quantitative and qualitative differences in gene expression between hybrids and their parental inbreds were obvious, indicating that the patterns of gene expression in hybrids alter significantly as compared to their corresponding parents. On the other hand, by using MADS-box gene specific 5′ end primer for DDRT-PCR, we found that nearly all of the displayed cDNA fragments were polymorphic between hybrids and their parents, and major difference occurred in qualitative level, in which hybrid specific-expressed and silenced genes are the major two patterns, suggesting that MADS-box gene may be important for manifestation of differential gene expression and wheat heterosis. In comparison with our previous results by using seedling leaves, it is indicated that differential gene expression between hybrids and parents is dependent on the tissues tested, and more differentially expressed genes were observed in the primary roots than in the seedling leaves. Therefore, it is concluded that the expressions of both randomly displayed cDNAs and transcription factor genes, such as MADS-box, alter significantly between hybrids and their parents, which might be responsible for the observed heterosis.

Proteomics Identification of Differentially Expressed Proteins Relevant for Nicotine Synthesis in Flue-Cured Tobacco Roots Before and After Decapitation

Nicotine is a secondary substance synthesized in tobacco roots. In flue-cured tobacco planting, tobacco decapitation is an effective practice to promote nicotine biosynthesis by regulation of the redistribution of total nitrogen amounts. However, proteins relevant to nicotine synthesis in tobacco roots has not been identified and characterized yet. It is important to explore the regulation of nicotine biosynthesis in tobacco roots. To identify the proteins relevant to nicotine synthesis, the protein patterns in roots of flue-cured tobacco （cv. K326） before and after decapitation were analyzed. In the present study, the protein patterns in roots of flue-cured tobacco were analyzed by two-dimensional electrophoresis （2-DE）, and the differentially-expressed spots were identified by matrix assisted laser desorption ionization time of flight mass spectrometry （MALDI-TOF-MS）. Paired comparison of 2-DE maps revealed 26 spots of differentially-expressed proteins in roots before and after decapitation. Furthermore, nine differentially-expressed spots were identified. There were four proteins which were enzymes possibly involved in nicotine biosynthesis. In addition, the roles of the four enzymes in nicotine biosynthesis were discussed in a putative network. Our results would contribute to the understanding of the regulation pathway of nicotine biosynthesis and further to the molecular manipulation on the nicotine contents in flue-cured tobacco.

<i>Rehmannia</i>Root Improves Extracellular Matrix Production and Epidermal Differentiation by Upregulation of the Estrogen Receptor

Estrogen is essential for the skin to maintain its physiological function. The binding of estrogen to the estrogen receptor (ER) activates gene transcription, which has biological effects on the target tissue. Estrogen levels and ER expression are known to decrease with aging and exposure to ultraviolet light (UV);therefore, increased estrogen levels and ER expression may improve age-related changes in the skin. Rehmannia root has been reported to have blood circulation-promoting and anti-inflammatory effects;however, few studies have reported the effects of Rehmannia root on skin. In this study, we examined the effects of Rehmannia glutinosa Libosch. var. purpurea Makino root extract (RE) on ER expression, and estrogen, RE, or their related ingredients increased ER expression in human epidermal keratinocytes, human dermal fibroblasts, and skin models. Moreover, RE increased the production of basic fibroblast growth factor, transforming growth factor β1, and epidermal growth factor. The mixture of estrogen and RE improved extracellular matrix (ECM) production to a greater degree than estrogen and RE independently. Although high population doubling levels (PDL) and UV irradiation downregulated ER expression, RE upregulated ER expression in high PDL cells and UV irradiated cells. In addition, RE increased the expression of epidermal differentiation marker proteins compared to their expression levels in the absence of RE. The collective findings suggest that RE aids in the prevention of skin aging by upregulating the ER expression that has been decreased by aging and UV and promoting estrogen activity, ECM production, and epidermal differentiation.

Identification of differentially expressed genes in dorsal root ganglion in early diabetic rats

Objective To screen and identify differentially expressed genes in the dorsal root ganglion （DRG） in early experimental diabetic rats. Methods Diabetic model rats were induced by single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin （STZ）. At the second week after STZ injection, the sensory nerve conduction velocities （SNCV） of sciatic nerve were measured as an indicator of neuropathy. The technique of silver-staining mRNA differential display polymerase chain reaction （DD-PCR） was used to detect the levels of differentially expressed genes in rat DRG. The cDNA fragments that displayed differentially were identified by reverse-hybridization, cloned and sequenced subsequently, and then confirmed by Northern blot. Results The SNCV in the diabetic model group [n = 9, （45.25±10.38） m/s] reduced obviously compared with the control group [n = 8, （60.10± 11.92） m/s] （P 〈 0.05）. Seven distinct cDNA clones, one was up-regulated gene and the others were downregulated ones, were isolated by silver-staining mRNA differential display method and confirmed by Northern blot. According to the results of sequence alignment with GenBank data, majority of the clones had no significant sequence similarity to previously reported genes except only one that showed high homology to 6-pyruvoyl-tetrahydropterin synthase mRNA （accession No., BC059140）, which had not been reported to relate to diabetic neuropathy. Conclusion These differentially expressed genes in the diabetic DRG may contribute to the pathogenesis of diabetic peripheral neuropathy.

Studies on Rhizome Multiplication and Differentiation of Cymbidium sinense × Cymbidium goeringii

With the rhizomes obtained from the germination of Cymbidium sinense ~ Cymbidium goeringii seeds as a material, the effects of different basic media and different plant growth regulators on the multiplication and differentiation of rhizomes and rooting and transplanting of seedlings were investigated. The results showed that the basal medium more suitable for the multiplication and differentiation of rhizomes was 1/2MS; the medium more suitable for the multiplication and differentiation of rhizomes of the hybrid orchid was 1/2MS ＋ 6 - BA 2.0 mg/L ＋ KT 0.5 mg/L ＋ NAA 0.05 mg/L; the medium more suitable for the rooting of the hybrid orchid was 1/2MS ＋ IBA 0.5 mg/L; and after training of seedlings, transplanting was performed onto moss, and after 25 d, the survival rate was 95.6%.

Dorsal root ganglion progenitors differentiate to gamma-aminobutyric acid-and choline acetyltransferase-positive neurons

This study examined the isolation and differentiation of dorsal root ganglion progenitor cells for therapeutic use in neurodegenerative diseases. Rat embryonic dorsal root ganglia progenitors were isolated and purified using the differential adhesion method combined with cytosine arabinoside treatment. After culture in serum-free medium supplemented with B27, basic fibroblast growth factor and epidermal growth factor, these cells remained viable and survived for more than 18 months in vitro. Most cells differentiated to neurons that were immunoreactive for gamma-aminobutyric acid and choline acetyltransferase as detected by immunohistochemical staining. In addition, nerve growth factor and neurotrophic tyrosine kinase receptor expression were also observed in dorsal root ganglion progenitors and differentiated cells. K252a, an inhibitor that blocks nerve growth factor-induced signaling, inhibited cell survival, suggesting the possible existence of a nerve growth factor autocrine loop in these proliferating cells.

Scabrous patrinia root inhibits circulating tumor cells in differentiated thyroid carcinoma–a clinical observation

Objective To observe the clinical inhibition of circulating tumor cells(CTCs) in differentiated thyroid carcinoma(DTC) by the extract of scabrous patrinia root(Huikangling).Methods Eighty-seven DTC patients tested positive for CTCs were randomly divided into two groups; all patients were treated with oral levothyroxine sodium in accordance with the DTC endocrine inhibition treatment criteria. Patients(n = 45) in the treatment group were provided the standard endocrine therapy along with oral Huikangling(0.4 g/tablet, 0.4 g × 3/time, 3 times/day, 12 weeks). Patients(n = 42) in the control group were only provided the standard therapy. After 4 and 12 weeks, CTCs in the blood were detected by flow cytometry.Results After 4 weeks of oral Huikangling treatment, CTCs were detected in 18(40%) and 29(69%) patients in the treatment and control groups, respectively; the difference was statistically significant(χ2 = 8.49, P < 0.05). After 12 weeks, CTCs were detected in 7(15.6%) and 17(44.7%) patients in the treatment and control groups, respectively; the difference was statistically significant(χ2 = 5.68, P < 0.05). Follow-up evaluation revealed two patients with lung metastasis and one patient with bone metastasis in the control group; one patient showed lateral neck lymph node metastasis without local recurrence in the treatment group.Conclusion Huikangling treatment reduces the number of CTC-positive DTC cases; however, further studies are needed to elucidate the underlying mechanisms.

Okumura Hata Propagation Model Optimization in 400 MHz Band Based on Differential Evolution Algorithm: Application to the City of Bertoua

Propagation models are the foundation for radio planning in mobile networks. They are widely used during feasibility studies and initial network deployment, or during network extensions, particularly in new cities. They can be used to calculate the power of the signal received by a mobile terminal, evaluate the coverage radius, and calculate the number of cells required to cover a given area. This paper takes into account the standard k factors model and then uses the differential evolution algorithm to set up a propagation model adapted to the physical environment of the Cameroonian cities of Bertoua. Drive tests were made on the LTE TDD network in the city of Bertoua. Differential evolution algorithm is used as the optimization algorithm to deduct a propagation model which fits the environment of the considered town. The calculation of the root mean square error between the actual data from the drive tests and the prediction data from the implemented model allows the validation of the obtained results. A comparative study made between the RMSE value obtained by the new model and those obtained by the Okumura Hata and free space models, allowed us to conclude that the new model obtained is better and more representative of our local environment than the Okumura Hata currently used. The implementation shows that Differential evolution can perform well and solve this kind of optimization problem;the newly obtained models can be used for radio planning in the city of Bertoua in Cameroon.

慢性萎缩性胃炎的中医辨治思路与对策

慢性萎缩性胃炎(CAG)是临床上公认的胃癌前疾病,中医药治疗CAG具有明显的优势及鲜明的特色。从CAG病因病机等方面的研究入手,对中医药治疗CAG提出治本独取阳明,补虚泻实,顾护脾胃,升降气机,调气和血,祛瘀通络,祛邪解毒,甘平凉润,和胃护络的辨治思路与对策,以期进一步提高中医药治疗CAG的临床疗效。

淹水胁迫下鸭茅根系基因差异表达及相关通路分析

近年来我国南方地区洪涝灾害频繁发生,严重制约草牧业的发展。鸭茅作为重要的生态草种和优质牧草,耐淹性较差的特性严重影响其在频繁遭受洪涝区域的推广应用。本研究以国审品种“安巴”鸭茅为研究对象,对淹水胁迫0、8和24 h处理后的幼苗根系生理和转录等进行分析,以探究鸭茅在淹水胁迫下的响应机制。结果显示,淹水胁迫引起鸭茅根系中可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白和丙二醛含量显著增加,相对电导率先减少后显著升高。在淹水胁迫处理8 h后(相较于0 h),鸭茅根系中有5788个差异表达基因,包括上调基因2872个,下调基因2916个。胁迫处理24 h后,鸭茅根系中共有8807个差异表达基因,包括上调基因4123个,下调基因4684个。GO富集显示,这些差异表达基因功能主要涉及多糖代谢、微管结合、纤维素代谢过程、抗氧化反应等。KEGG富集显示,鸭茅根系主要通过苯丙烷生物合成、碳代谢、谷胱甘肽代谢、氨基酸生物合成、淀粉和蔗糖代谢以及糖酵解/糖异生等途径来响应淹水胁迫。进一步分析苯丙烷生物合成、碳代谢、谷胱甘肽代谢通路中的差异表达基因,推测HXK1、HXK2、ADH1、GST和APX2等关键基因在鸭茅响应胁迫中发挥重要作用。MYB、NB-ARC、WRKY、GRAS和AP2等转录因子家族基因在淹水胁迫中表达丰富,可能与鸭茅的耐淹性密切相关。本研究结果为进一步探究鸭茅耐淹的分子机理提供了基础数据,也为后续的鸭茅耐淹性状改良工作提供理论支撑。

乳腺癌发病与中医体质及辨证分型的相关性研究

目的探讨乳腺癌发病与中医体质及辨证分型的相关性。方法选取2021年1月至2023年6月在安徽医科大学第一附属医院就诊的108例乳腺癌患者为观察组,另选取同期在该院进行体检的80例健康妇女为对照组。统计所有受试者的一般资料、中医体质及中医辨证分型,采用多因素logistic回归分析乳腺癌发病的危险因素,以Spearman法分析中医体质与辨证分型的相关性。结果108例乳腺癌患者中,以气虚质(18.52%)、气郁质(16.67%)、血瘀质(13.89%)占比较高,2组间平和质、气虚质、血瘀质、气郁质分布比例比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),其他体质分布比例差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);多因素logistic回归分析结果显示,平和质为乳腺癌发病的保护因素,气虚质、气郁质为乳腺癌发病的危险因素(P<0.05);108例乳腺癌患者中,辨证分型最多为气血亏虚证(56.48%),其后依次为肝郁痰凝证(18.52%)、冲任失调证(16.67%)、肝肾阴虚证(8.33%);气虚质与气血亏虚证呈正相关(P<0.05);阴虚质与肝肾阴虚证呈正相关(P<0.05);血瘀质与冲任失调证呈正相关(P<0.05);气郁质与肝郁痰凝证呈正相关(P<0.05)。结论气虚质、气郁质为乳腺癌的易感体质,乳腺癌中医体质与辨证分型存在相关性,在一定程度上影响疾病证型的发生及发展。

根蘖与嫁接繁殖灵武长枣不同时期果实差异表达基因分析

【目的】研究灵武长枣根蘖繁殖与嫁接繁殖果实品质差异的内在机理,为提高其果实品质提供基础数据。【方法】以灵武长枣根蘖繁殖与嫁接繁殖白熟期(NB)、着色期(NZ)、成熟期(NC)和嫁接繁殖白熟期(JB)、着色期(JZ)、成熟期(JC)的果实为试验材料,采用高通量测序技术进行果实转录组测序,筛选与根蘖和嫁接繁殖的灵武长枣果实品质差异相关的基因,初步探究根蘖和嫁接繁殖灵武长枣果实不同时期基因表达差异情况。【结果】18个灵武长枣样品经过转录组测序,得到质控数据138.26 GB,将其比对到参考基因组冬枣上,18个样品的Cleans reads与参考基因组比对效率在93.77%以上。主成分分析结果显示,3次生物学重复样品聚集程度较高且组间存在分离现象,说明其基因表达量存在差异。差异分析结果表明,灵武长枣果实发育各时期组间分析对比中,果实白熟期(JB-vs-NB)、着色期(JZ-vs-NZ)和成熟期(JC-vs-NC)各组间分别筛选出65、4 509和1 534个差异基因。GO功能富集到生物过程、分子功能和细胞组分三大类中的50个亚类中,KEGG通路注释将差异基因显著富集在次生代谢物生物合成、代谢途径、氨基酸生物合成等通路中,成熟期差异基因富集在糖酸相关通路的显著性较高。【结论】在淀粉和蔗糖代谢、半乳糖代谢、氨基糖和核苷酸糖代谢,乙醛酸和二羧酸代谢、丁酸代谢5条与果实可溶性糖和总酸含量相关的代谢途径中筛选出了ncbi_107424266、ncbi_107414286、ncbi_107425230、ncbi_107429837等31个差异基因,分别在果实发育不同时期的糖酸代谢途径中差异表达,调控各时期果实中可溶性糖及总酸含量。

自适应分数阶偏微分方程修正模型的能量泛函及Euler-Lagrange方程研究

首先对分数阶微分方程进行构建,结合全变分项,提出了修正的自适应分数阶偏微分方程模型。研究首先确定出分数阶偏分去噪模型的最优分数阶数,当分数阶次为1.8时,峰值信噪比和结构相似度达到33.12和0.874,均方根误差降低至5.62。然后将研究提出的模型与全变分模型、分数阶偏分去噪模型等在图像上进行对比实验,研究提出的模型在峰值信噪比、结构相似度上达到最高,分别为29.045与0.839,均方根误差为9.427,表明模型能够抑制阶梯效应,具有优越的去噪性能。

红甜菜根中类黄酮类差异代谢物的比较分析

该研究以一品红和俄罗斯红甜菜块根为原料,使用UPLC-MS/MS检测平台和Metware自建数据库对两种红甜菜块根中的类黄酮物质进行检测和分析其代谢物质的成分及差异。利用多元统计分析方法,根据检测到的类黄酮类代谢物的数据来筛选差异代谢物;随后再利用KEGG网站分析差异代谢物参与的合成途径。结果表明,两种甜菜块根共检测出类黄酮代谢物69个,分成黄酮、黄酮醇、查尔酮、二氢黄酮、橙酮类和其他类黄酮六种类型。差异代谢物29种,一品红中12种差异代谢物含量高于俄罗斯红,17种低于俄罗斯红。根据代谢物log2FC判定差异倍数较大的成分主要是五羟基查耳酮类、异鼠李素、二甲氧基黄酮、蒽酮、多甲氧基黄酮、槲皮素、山柰酚、香叶木素、高车前素类衍生物。被注释到KEGG通路上的代谢物有7个:依次是3-O-甲基槲皮素、木犀草甙、3'-O-甲基木犀草素、芦丁、异槲皮苷、异牡荆素、三叶豆甙。由此表明,两种甜菜物质中存在具有显著差异的类黄酮类代谢物,建议可作为特征代谢物做进一步分析。

红甜菜根中萜类代谢物的比较代谢组学分析

为了比较不同红甜菜品种间萜类代谢物差异,进一步创制红甜菜新种质,本研究采用UPLC-MS/MS检测平台和Metware自建数据库MWDB(Metware database)对俄罗斯(红甜菜)、一品红(红甜菜)进行广泛靶向代谢组学分析,结合聚类和多元统计等多种统计分析方法筛选差异代谢物,研究结果表明:在两组红甜菜块根样品中共检测出48种萜类物质,分为倍半萜、单萜、二萜、三萜、三萜皂苷和其他萜类共六大类,其中倍半萜13种,单萜7种,二萜13种,三萜7种,三萜皂苷7种,以及布卢门醇C。在两组样品中筛选出的差异代谢物8种,其中下调物质5种,分别为桃叶珊瑚苷、苜蓿酸-3-O-葡萄糖醛酸苷-28-O-鼠李糖基(1,2)-阿拉伯糖苷、6’-O-芥子酰京尼平苷、筋骨草苷和原莪术醇;上调的物分别为Cis-guai-10-en-4α,11-diol、6’-O-葡萄糖桃叶珊瑚苷和6,9-二羟基-7-巨豆烯-3-酮。不同品种红甜菜中存在显著差异的萜类代谢物,可作为特征代谢物做进一步分析。

油莎豆快速繁殖体系构建研究

为建立油莎豆(Cyperus esculentus)快速繁殖体系,本试验以黑油莎2号为试验材料,茎尖作为外植体,采用植物不同组织培养条件培养油莎豆无菌苗,以期筛选出最佳茎尖消毒方法、适宜茎尖分化培养基配方以及快速生根培养基配方。结果表明:随消毒时间的增加,黑油莎2号茎尖污染率呈现降低的趋势,而存活率则呈现先升后降的变化;MS+0.9 mg/L 6-苄基腺膘呤(6-BA)+0.3 mg/L萘乙酸(NAA)处理时,黑油莎2号茎尖分化成苗数量显著高于其他处理(P <0.05),且茎尖分化成苗率最高,为62.67%;1/2MS+0.2 mg/L吲哚丁酸(IBA)处理时,黑油莎2号无菌苗生根数量(29.00)最高,显著高于其他处理(P <0.05),且根系粗壮,根长为0.9~3.0 cm。最后得出75%酒精30s+0.1%升汞4 min为黑油莎2号最佳茎尖消毒方法,MS+0.9 mg/L 6-BA+0.3 mg/L NAA为最佳茎尖分化培养基配方,MS+1.0 mg/L 6-BA和1/2MS+0.2 mg/L IBA分别是最佳快速繁殖和生根培养基配方。油莎豆快速繁殖体系构建为寒区高效繁育油莎豆优异种苗及种质资源创新提供依据。

薰衣草高效快繁体系的探究

通过植物组织培养技术,以筛选出薰衣草快速繁殖的最优培养条件。以2个品种薰衣草品种法国蓝和太空蓝的种子为外植体,对外植体的消毒方式、增殖分化和生根培养的最适培养基和激素配比进行研究分析。结果表明:法国蓝与太空蓝种子萌发率最高、污染率最低的处理方式分别为10%NaClO 15~20 min和10%H_(2)O_(2)5 min;当GA_(3)浓度为600 mg·L^(-1)时,法国蓝和太空蓝浸种时间分别为16 h和24 h时,种子的萌发率最高。法国蓝和太空蓝的最佳增殖分化培养基分别为MS+0.1 mg·L^(-1)NAA+0.2 mg·L^(-1)TDZ,MS+0.05 mg·L^(-1)NAA+0.2 mg·L^(-1)TDZ。法国蓝和太空蓝最佳生根培养基均为1/2 MS+0.2 mg·L^(-1)NAA。本研究建立了薰衣草快速繁殖体系,为薰衣草优良种质的快速繁殖、扩大培养、推广应用提供技术性参考。

陈锐基于“态靶辨治”理论抵挡汤新用管窥

抵挡汤自东汉张仲景始,历代医家不断演变加减药味,临床广泛应用。立足于大黄、水蛭二味抵挡核心药,探讨抵挡汤在糖尿病肾病中的新功效。陈锐教授认为应用抵挡汤应遵循治疗的疾病、用法服法应随时间、空间的变化而变化,抵挡汤组方思维、治疗大法、治疗疾病的核心病机是不变的,临床用药药味、药量、治疗靶向应简单化与精准化。

基于高通量测序的锈腐病西洋参转录组分析

为探究锈腐病对西洋参基因表达模式的影响,本研究采用RNA-seq方法分析比较健康与患锈腐病西洋参根与叶中的基因表达差异,并对差异表达基因(DEGs)进行功能聚类分析。结果显示:BL-vs-AL(感病叶片vs健康叶片)组中共鉴定出8 642个DEGs,包含上调表达4 463个,下调表达4 179个;BR-vs-AR(感病根vs健康根)组中共鉴定出5 308个DEGs,包含上调表达2 609个,下调表达2 699个。GO分析发现,大多数DEGs在细胞过程、代谢过程、细胞、催化活性等方面显著富集。KEGG分析表明,DEGs主要富集到苯丙素生物合成、不饱和脂肪酸的生物合成、MAPK信号通路等与植物抗病相关的代谢通路中。同时,在两组共有DEGs中预测到转录因子116个,分别归属到25类转录因子家族中。qRT-PCR验证7个DEGs结果与转录组测序结果的表达变化趋势相符。本研究明确了异质生境中感染锈腐病的西洋参相关基因的表达特征及相关代谢通路,可为深入研究西洋参抗锈腐病的分子机制提供一定的信息参考。

中医辨证施护联合综合性康复训练对神经根型颈椎病患者的影响

目的:探讨中医辨证施护联合综合性康复训练对神经根型颈椎病(cervical spondylotic radiculopathy,CSR)患者的干预效果。方法:选取82例CSR患者,参考随机数字表法分为对照组、观察组各41例。对照组予综合性康复训练,观察组在此基础上给予中医辨证施护干预,两组连续治疗4周,比较两组颈椎病临床评价量表(cervical spondylosis clinical evaluation scale,CASCS)评分、颈功能活动度、临床疗效及血液流变学指标。结果:治疗4周后,两组CASCS单项指标评分、颈功能活动度单项指标均显著提升,且观察组较对照组提升更显著(P<0.05);观察组总有效率[97.56%(40/41)]高于对照组[80.49%(33/41)](P<0.05)。治疗4周后,两组全血黏度高切、中切、低切以及血浆黏度均下降,且观察组较对照组降低更显著(P<0.05)。结论:中医辨证施护联合综合性康复训练干预可有效改善CRS患者的临床症状、颈椎活动度及血液流变学指标,提高临床疗效。