基于弗洛凯特理论的Halo轨道辐轮构型编队控制设计

面向未来使用平动点航天器编队进行深空探测的需求,研究了特殊的定向辐轮构型航天器编队在日地L2平动点Halo轨道上的动力学和相关控制问题。首先,建立了圆型限制性三体问题(CRTBP)的相对动力学和辐轮构型编队模型的数学表达;其次,基于Floquet理论和傅里叶级数展开推导了Halo轨道的相对运动解析解,该解的推导同样可应用于其他小偏离的周期时变系统;接着,以深空探测任务为导向,基于Floquet模态法和LQR控制法分别给出编队主星和从星的分层控制策略;最后,对控制策略进行仿真,详细分析了辐轮构型维持控制力的规律等,得到了构型参数(半径和频率)与维持代价的关系。

地月周期轨道对地月L1与L2附近Halo轨道的可见性分析

随着去往月球航天器的增多,现有的近地空间光学卫星与地基光学望远镜的探测能力已无法满足要求,急需增强地月空间观测能力,通过使用地月周期轨道来填补地月空间观测能力的不足被认为是一种有效手段。针对地月周期轨道的特性,文章基于微分校正原理对三体轨道建模,并完成了算法的设计,提出了地月周期轨道的选择原则,并优选了3条轨道。在地月周期轨道对地月拉格朗日点L1、L2附近Halo轨道的可见性分析中,为方便评估,采用类球体的物体星等评估模型来定义可见性的评估标准;基于卫星工具包提供模型计算中涉及的自然天体、物体和观测卫星三者的时空关系,给出了可见性分析过程及结果,研究表明地月周期轨道对地月拉格朗日点L1、L2附近Halo轨道均有不错的观测效果,其中轨道1对地月周期轨道的可见性综合最高,均大于95%。

X-Ray and Neutron Diffraction Studies on Thermal Parameters of Thalous Bromide

Thermal parameters of TIBr were determined using both X-ray and neutron diffraction techniques. The data was analysed by Rietveld profile refinement procedure. From the neutron diffraction data, due to weak odd-order reflections, it was not possible to determine the individual thermal parameters. TheX-ray diffraction measurements yielded BT1=0.296(5) nm2 and BBr=0.162(5) nm2. The overall isotropic value, B was 0.252(7) nm2 which is in good agreement with B=0.230(8) nm2 obtained from present neutron diffraction measurements. The present values are also in good agreement with theoretical estimates obtained from the shell models.

最佳Halo重力牵引治疗Lenke3型脊柱侧凸的生物力学分析

背景:Halo重力牵引是许多学者认可的术前牵引方法,但大部分为临床观察,缺乏有限元的相关分析。目的:运用有限元法探究Halo重力牵引对Lenke3型脊柱侧凸的最佳牵引力,从生物力学角度为临床提供理论依据。方法:对脊柱侧凸患者扫描的CT图像进行逆向建模处理并建立有限元模型,并取正常节段(T1-T4椎体)对模型的有效性进行验证。对腰胸椎侧凸模型设置5组不同的受力条件,模拟患者在不同牵引力作用下的矫正情况。5组皆将L5下表面完全约束,在T1上表面施加沿Z轴正方向(重力的反方向)不同大小的牵引力,分别为50,100,150,200,250 N。对比不同牵引力下侧凸脊柱的位移、主弯曲的Cobb角变化情况、脊柱的伸长量以及Von Mises应力。结果与结论:①当Halo重力牵引力为150-200 N时,主弯曲的Cobb角缩小量为最大缩小量的69.4%-88.9%,Z轴的伸长量是最大伸长量69.4%-85.9%,受到的应力为最大应力的63.6%-82.9%;②牵引力大于200 N,Cobb角的减少量和Z轴的伸长量变化不明显,但应力值急剧增长,且此时的T6、T7、T8椎体质心到L5中垂线的减小距离最为明显;③当Halo重力牵引力为150-200 N时,对此类型患者的矫正效果最佳——Cobb角缩小量与Z轴伸长量效果较佳的同时不会有应力的急剧增长。上述结果可为临床矫正提供一定的理论支持,可在较大程度矫正侧凸时保证患者安全。

微流星体碰撞对日地L_(2)点Halo轨道的影响

空间中存在大量高速运动的微流星体,与在轨运行的航天器发生碰撞后将导致轨道偏离、性能下降、结构破坏甚至航天器失效.由于Halo轨道具有不稳定的特性,本文主要探究微流星体碰撞对日地L_(2)点Halo轨道动力学演化规律的影响.首先,建立日地L_(2)点附近轨道的动力学模型,通过微分修正法构造Halo轨道的初始条件,基于Grün微流星体通量模型计算微流星体与航天器碰撞的数量和碰撞引起的速度改变量.然后,采用Runge-Kutta算法求解Halo轨道的动力学方程,研究碰撞速度改变量引起的轨道偏差随时间的演化规律.此外,采用状态转移矩阵方法分析初始状态偏差的演化规律,并与数值积分方法对比.最后基于状态转移矩阵方法分析了不同碰撞速度改变量的大小和方向引起的动力学响应.研究发现,状态转移矩阵在短时间内得到的结果与数值积分方法基本一致,而且只需一次矩阵乘法即可通过初始状态偏差计算得到末时刻状态偏差,具有非常高的效率.研究结果表明,由于Halo轨道固有的不稳定特性,所以初始时刻微流星体碰撞引起的微小状态偏差会快速增长,导致消耗更多控制燃料,最终将影响航天器的寿命.此外,微流星体碰撞的速度改变量的方向对偏差传递的规律有重要的影响.

Microstructures and micromechanical behaviors of high -entropy alloys investigated by synchrotron X-ray and neutron diffraction techniques: A review

High-entropy alloys(HEAs)possess outstanding features such as corrosion resistance,irradiation resistance,and good mechan-ical properties.A few HEAs have found applications in the fields of aerospace and defense.Extensive studies on the deformation mech-anisms of HEAs can guide microstructure control and toughness design,which is vital for understanding and studying state-of-the-art structural materials.Synchrotron X-ray and neutron diffraction are necessary techniques for materials science research,especially for in situ coupling of physical/chemical fields and for resolving macro/microcrystallographic information on materials.Recently,several re-searchers have applied synchrotron X-ray and neutron diffraction methods to study the deformation mechanisms,phase transformations,stress behaviors,and in situ processes of HEAs,such as variable-temperature,high-pressure,and hydrogenation processes.In this review,the principles and development of synchrotron X-ray and neutron diffraction are presented,and their applications in the deformation mechanisms of HEAs are discussed.The factors that influence the deformation mechanisms of HEAs are also outlined.This review fo-cuses on the microstructures and micromechanical behaviors during tension/compression or creep/fatigue deformation and the application of synchrotron X-ray and neutron diffraction methods to the characterization of dislocations,stacking faults,twins,phases,and intergrain/interphase stress changes.Perspectives on future developments of synchrotron X-ray and neutron diffraction and on research directions on the deformation mechanisms of novel metals are discussed.

改良Halo骨盆牵引对重度脊柱畸形伴呼吸功能障碍患者的干预效果

目的探讨一期改良Halo骨盆牵引(halo-pelvic traction,HPT)联合二期手术对重度脊柱畸形伴呼吸功能障碍患者的应用效果。方法选取2019年1月至2022年1月北京大望路急诊抢救医院收治的120例重度脊柱畸形伴呼吸功能障碍患者作为研究对象。所有患者均行一期HPT牵引治疗和二期脊柱畸形矫形术。牵引前、牵引末次复查、内固定术后、末次随访,比较患者影像学指标和呼吸功能指标的变化情况。结果牵引前,患者主弯侧凸Cobb角、颈7铅垂线至骶骨正中线的距离(C7PL-CSVL)、顶椎偏距(AVT)、T1倾斜角、影像学肩高度、矢状面偏移(SVA)、腰胸椎后凸角(TK)为(119.17±15.39)°、(33.33±7.2)mm、(103.55±16.56)mm、(20.13±5.94)°、(26.78±6.32)mm、(38.29±5.54)mm、(87.66±11.63)°,高于牵引末次复查[(74.62±15.15)°、(13.23±4.27)mm、(57.70±17.56)mm、(9.29±1.73)°、(10.18±2.00)mm、(14.41±3.24)mm、(52.96±12.11)°]、内固定术后[(60.78±14.40)°、(12.42±3.58)mm、(44.31±13.77)mm、(8.89±2.66)°、(9.38±2.39)mm、(17.11±3.24)mm、(51.28±11.20)°]和末次随访[(64.21±14.86)°、(12.69±3.26)mm、(45.17±11.65)mm、(6.51±1.77)°、(9.53±2.36)mm、(17.50±3.07)mm、(51.82±12.20)°],差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。牵引前,患者FVC、FVC%、FEV1、FEV1%为(1.13±0.19)L、(31.61±4.64)%、(1.08±0.22)L、(29.68±11.56)%,低于牵引末次复查[(1.36±0.28)L、(36.19±4.95)%、(1.17±0.19)L、(33.45±5.97)%]、内固定术后[(1.49±0.28)L、(38.08±7.46)%、(1.26±0.22)L、(35.91±7.81)%]和末次随访[(1.53±0.26)L、(38.61±6.91)%、(1.28±0.24)L、(36.88±7.85)%],差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论改良HPT牵引能有效矫正重度脊柱畸形伴呼吸功能障碍患脊柱畸形,改善呼吸功能,是一种安全、有效地辅助治疗措施。

Halo-骨盆牵引治疗重度脊柱侧弯畸形的效果及其对肺功能的影响

目的探讨Halo-骨盆牵引(HPT)治疗重度脊柱侧弯畸形的效果及其对肺功能的影响。方法回顾性分析2021-01至2023-10北京大望路急诊抢救医院收治的100例脊柱侧弯合并肺功能不全患者的临床资料作为研究对象,所有患者均行一期HPT牵引治疗和二期脊柱侧弯矫形术。牵引前、牵引末次复查、内固定术后,比较患者影像学指标和肺功能指标的变化情况。采用Pearson统计学相关性分析主弯Cobb角对肺功能指标的影响。结果纳入患者肺功能结果显示,牵引前、牵引末次复查、内固定术后比较,限制性通气功能参数均存在不同程度增高(P<0.05)。相关分析表明,随着主弯Cobb角减小,肺限制性通气功能参数呈显著负相关性(P<0.05)。结论HPT牵引能有效矫正重度脊柱侧弯畸形,改善呼吸功能,是一种安全、有效的辅助治疗措施。

Direct visualization of laser-driven dynamic fragmentation in tin by in situ x-ray diffraction

We present a novel method for investigating laser-driven dynamic fragmentation in tin using in situ X-ray diffraction.Our experimental results demonstrate the feasibility of the method for simultaneously identifying the phase and temperature of fragments through analysis of the diffraction pattern.Surprisingly,we observe a deviation from the widely accepted isentropic release assumption,with the temperature of the fragments being found to be more than 100 K higher than expected,owing to the release of plastic work during dynamic fragmentation.Our findings are further verified through extensive large-scale molecular dynamics simulations,in which strain energies are found to be transferred into thermal energies during the nucleation and growth of voids,leading to an increase in temperature.Our findings thus provide crucial insights into the impact-driven dynamic fragmentation phenomenon and reveal the significant influence of plastic work on material response during shock release.

Intensity correlation properties of x-ray beams split with Laue diffraction

Beam splitting is one of the main approaches to achieving x-ray ghost imaging, and the intensity correlation between diffraction beam and transmission beam will directly affect the imaging quality. In this paper, we investigate the intensity correlation between the split x-ray beams by Laue diffraction of stress-free crystal. The analysis based on the dynamical theory of x-ray diffraction indicates that the spatial resolution of diffraction image and transmission image are reduced due to the position shift of the exit beam. In the experimental setup, a stress-free crystal with a thickness of hundredmicrometers-level is used for beam splitting. The crystal is in a non-dispersive configuration equipped with a double-crystal monochromator to ensure that the dimension of the diffraction beam and transmission beam are consistent. A correlation coefficient of 0.92 is achieved experimentally and the high signal-to-noise ratio of the x-ray ghost imaging is anticipated.Results of this paper demonstrate that the developed beam splitter of Laue crystal has the potential in the efficient data acquisition of x-ray ghost imaging.

Dispersion Relations in Diffraction in Time

In agreement with Titchmarsh’s theorem, we prove that dispersion relations are just the Fourier-transform of the identity, g(x′)=±Sgn(x′)g(x′), which defines the property of being a truncated functions at the origin. On the other hand, we prove that the wave-function of a generalized diffraction in time problem is just the Fourier-transform of a truncated function. Consequently, the existence of dispersion relations for the diffraction in time wave-function follows. We derive these explicit dispersion relations.

Surface diffraction beamline at the SSRF

BL02U2 of the Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility is a surface diffraction beamline with a photon flux of 5.5×10^(12) photons/s at 10 keV and a beam size of 160µm×80µm at the sample site.It is dedicated to studying surfaces(solid-vacuum,solid-gas)and interfaces(solid-solid,solid-liquid,and liquid-liquid)in nanoscience,condensed matter,and soft matter systems using various surface scattering techniques over an energy range of 4.8-28 keV with transmission and reflection modes.Moreover,BL02U2 has a high energy resolution,high angular resolution,and low beam divergence,which can provide excellent properties for X-ray diffraction experiments,such as grazing incident X-ray diffraction,X-ray reflectivity,crystal truncation rods,and liquid X-ray scattering.Diversity of in situ environments can also be provided for the samples studied.This paper describes the setup of the new beamline and its applications in various fields.

Analytical Method for the Wave Diffraction of Asymmetrically Arranged Breakwaters

The layout forms of several breakwater structures can be generalized as asymmetrical arrangements in actual engineering.However,the problem of wave diffraction around asymmetrically arranged breakwaters has not been adequately investigated.In this study,we propose an analytical method of wave diffraction for regular waves passing through asymmetrically arranged breakwaters,and we use the Nyström method to obtain the analytical solution numerically.We compared the results of this method with those of previous analytical solutions and with numerical results to demonstrate the validity of our approach.We also provided diffraction coefficient diagrams of breakwaters with different layout forms.Moreover,we described the analytical expression for the problem of diffraction through long-wave incident breakwaters and presented an analysis of the relationship between the diffraction coefficients and the widths of breakwater gates.The analytical method presented in this study contributes to the limited literature on the theory of wave diffraction through asymmetrically arranged breakwaters.

A novel self-alignment method for high precision silicon diffraction microlens arrays preparation and its integration with infrared focal plane arrays

Silicon(Si)diffraction microlens arrays are usually used to integrating with infrared focal plane arrays(IRFPAs)to improve their performance.The errors of lithography are unavoidable in the process of the Si diffrac-tion microlens arrays preparation in the conventional engraving method.It has a serious impact on its performance and subsequent applications.In response to the problem of errors of Si diffraction microlens arrays in the conven-tional method,a novel self-alignment method for high precision Si diffraction microlens arrays preparation is pro-posed.The accuracy of the Si diffractive microlens arrays preparation is determined by the accuracy of the first li-thography mask in the novel self-alignment method.In the subsequent etching,the etched area will be protected by the mask layer and the sacrifice layer or the protective layer.The unprotection area is carved to effectively block the non-etching areas,accurately etch the etching area required,and solve the problem of errors.The high precision Si diffraction microlens arrays are obtained by the novel self-alignment method and the diffraction effi-ciency could reach 92.6%.After integrating with IRFPAs,the average blackbody responsity increased by 8.3%,and the average blackbody detectivity increased by 10.3%.It indicates that the Si diffraction microlens arrays can improve the filling factor and reduce crosstalk of IRFPAs through convergence,thereby improving the perfor-mance of the IRFPAs.The results are of great reference significance for improving their performance through opti-mizing the preparation level of micro nano devices.

Direct observation of shock-induced phase transformation in polycrystalline iron via in situ x-ray diffraction

Phase transition of polycrystalline iron compressed along the Hugoniot is studied by combining laser-driven shock with in situ x-ray diffraction technique.It is suggested that polycrystalline iron changes from an initial body-centered cubic structure to a hexagonal close-packed structure with increasing pressure(i.e.,a phase transition fromαtoε).The relationship between density and pressure for polycrystalline iron obtained from the present experiments is found to be in good agreement with the gas-gun Hugoniot data.Our results show that experiments with samples at lower temperatures under static loading,such as in a diamond anvil cell,lead to higher densities measured than those found under dynamic loading.This means that extrapolating results of static experiments may not predict the dynamic responses of materials accurately.In addition,neither the face-centered cubic structure seen in previous molecular-dynamics simulations or twophase coexistence are found within our experimental pressure range.

Tailoring electron vortex beams with customizable intensity patterns by electron diffraction holography

An electron vortex beam(EVB) carrying orbital angular momentum(OAM) plays a key role in a series of fundamental scientific researches, such as chiral energy-loss spectroscopy and magnetic dichroism spectroscopy. So far, almost all the experimentally created EVBs manifest isotropic doughnut intensity patterns. Here, based on the correlation between local divergence angle of electron beam and phase gradient along azimuthal direction, we show that free electrons can be tailored to EVBs with customizable intensity patterns independent of the carried OAM. As proof-of-concept, by using computer generated hologram and designing phase masks to shape the incident free electrons in the transmission electron microscope, three structured EVBs carrying identical OAM are tailored to exhibit completely different intensity patterns. Furthermore, through the modal decomposition, we quantitatively investigate their OAM spectral distributions and reveal that structured EVBs present a superposition of a series of different eigenstates induced by the locally varied geometries. These results not only generalize the concept of EVB, but also demonstrate an extra highly controllable degree of freedom for electron beam manipulation in addition to OAM.

Numerical Study on the Effect of Gap Diffraction on the Hydrodynamic Performance of A Floating Breakwater

Two-dimensional(2D)flume experiments are useful in investigating the performances of floating breakwaters(FBs),including hydrodynamic performances,motion responses,and mooring forces.Designing a reasonable gap between the flume wall and the FBs is a critical step in 2D flume tests.However,research on the effect of the gap on the accuracy of 2D FB experimental results is scarce.To address this issue,a numerical wave tank is developed using CFD to estimate the wave-FB interaction of a moored dual-cylindrical FB,and the results are compared to experimental data from a previously published work.There is good agreement between them,indicating that the numerical model is sufficiently accurate.The numerical model is then applied to explore the effect of gap diffraction on the performance of FBs in2D experiments.It was discovered that the nondimensional gap length L_(Gap)/W_(Pool)should be smaller than 7.5%to ensure that the relative error of the transmission coefficient is smaller than 3%.The influence of the gap is also related to the entering wave properties,such as the wave height and period.

Diffraction deep neural network-based classification for vector vortex beams

The vector vortex beam(VVB)has attracted significant attention due to its intrinsic diversity of information and has found great applications in both classical and quantum communications.However,a VVB is unavoidably affected by atmospheric turbulence(AT)when it propagates through the free-space optical communication environment,which results in detection errors at the receiver.In this paper,we propose a VVB classification scheme to detect VVBs with continuously changing polarization states under AT,where a diffractive deep neural network(DDNN)is designed and trained to classify the intensity distribution of the input distorted VVBs,and the horizontal direction of polarization of the input distorted beam is adopted as the feature for the classification through the DDNN.The numerical simulations and experimental results demonstrate that the proposed scheme has high accuracy in classification tasks.The energy distribution percentage remains above 95%from weak to medium AT,and the classification accuracy can remain above 95%for various strengths of turbulence.It has a faster convergence and better accuracy than that based on a convolutional neural network.

Deformation behavior of Mg-Y-Ni alloys containing different volume fraction of LPSO phase during tension and compression through in-situ synchrotron diffraction

The deformation behavior of the as-extruded Mg-Y-Ni alloys with different volume fraction of long period stacking ordered(LPSO)phase during tension and compression was investigated by in-situ synchrotron diffraction.The micro-yielding,macro-yielding,tension-compression asymmetry and strain hardening behavior of the alloys were explored by combining with deformation mechanisms.The micro-yielding is dominated by basal slip of dynamic recrystallized(DRXed)grains in tension,while it is dominated by extension twinning of non-dynamic recrystallized(non-DRXed)grains in compression.At macro-yielding,the non-DRXed grains are still elastic deformed in tension and the basal slip of DRXed grains in compression are activated.Meanwhile,the LPSO phase still retains elastic deformation,but can bear more load,so the higher the volume fraction of hard LPSO phase,the higher the tensile/compressive macro-yield strength of the alloys.Benefiting from the low volume fraction of the non-DRXed grains and the delay effect of LPSO andγphases on extension twinning,the as-extruded alloys exhibit excellent tension-compression symmetry.When the volume fraction of LPSO phase reaches∼50%,tension-compression asymmetry is reversed,which is due to the fact that the LPSO phase is stronger in compression than in tension.The tensile strain hardening behavior is dominated by dislocation slip,while the dominate mechanism for compressive strain hardening changes from twinning in theα-Mg grains to kinking of the LPSO phase with increasing volume fraction of LPSO phase.The activation of kinking leads to the constant compressive strain hardening rate of∼2500 MPa,which is significantly higher than the tensile strain hardening rate.

A Novel High Temperature Apparatus for in situ Synchrotron X-ray Diffraction Studies of Molten Salt

This study demonstrates the design and application of a novel high temperature rotatory apparatus for insitu synchrotron X-ray diffraction studies of molten salts,facilitating investigation into the interaction between various structural materials and molten salts.The apparatus enables accurate detection of every phase change during hightemperature experiments,including strong reaction processes like corrosion.Molten salts,such as chlorides or fluo⁃rides,together with the structure materials,are inserted into either quartz or boron nitride capillaries,where X-ray diffraction pattern can be continuously collected,as the samples are heated to high temperature.The replacement re⁃action,when molten ZnCl2 are etching Ti3AlC2,can be clearly observed through changes in diffraction peak intensity as well as expansion in c-axis lattice parameter of the hexagonal matrix,due to the larger atomic number and ionic ra⁃dius of Zn2+.Furthermore,we investigated the high-temperature corrosion process when GH3535 alloy is in FLiNaK molten salt,and can help to optimize its stability for potential applications in molten salt reactor.Additionally,this high temperature apparatus is fully compatible with the combined usage of X-ray diffraction and Raman technique,providing both bulk and surface structural information.This high temperature apparatus has been open to users and is extensively used at BL14B1 beamline of the Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility.