Simple and universal method in designs of high-efficiency diffractive optical elements for spectrum separation and beam concentration

Diffractive optical elements（DOEs） with spectrum separation and beam concentration（SSBC） functions have important applications in solar cell systems. With the SSBC DOEs, the sunlight radiation is divided into several wave bands so as to be effectively absorbed by photovoltaic materials with different band gaps. A new method is proposed for designing high-efficiency SSBC DOEs, which is physically simple, numerically fast, and universally applicable. The SSBC DOEs are designed by the new design method, and their performances are analyzed by the Fresnel diffraction integral method.The new design method takes two advantages over the previous design method. Firstly, the optical focusing efficiency is heightened by up to 10%. Secondly, focal positions of all the designed wavelengths can be designated arbitrarily and independently. It is believed that the designed SSBC DOEs should have practical applications to solar cell systems.

A single diffractive optical element implementing spectrum-splitting and beam-concentration functions simultaneously with high diffraction efficiency

In this paper,a novel method is proposed and employed to design a single diffractive optical element（DOE） for implementing spectrum-splitting and beam-concentration（SSBC） functions simultaneously.We develop an optimization algorithm,through which the SSBC DOE can be optimized within an arbitrary thickness range according to the limitations of modern photolithography technology.Theoretical simulation results reveal that the designed SSBC DOE has a high optical focusing efficiency.It is expected that the designed SSBC DOE should have practical applications in high-efficiency solar cell systems.

Realizing high photovoltaic efficiency with parallel multijunction solar cells based on spectrum-splitting and-concentrating diffractive optical element

Based on the facts that multijunction solar cells can increase the efficiency and concentration can reduce the cost dramatically, a special design of parallel multijunction solar cells was presented. The design employed a diffractive optical element （DOE） to split and concentrate the sunlight. A rainbow region and a zero-order diffraction region were generated on the output plane where solar cells with corresponding band gaps were placed. An analytical expression of the light intensity distribution on the output plane of the special DOE was deduced, and the limiting photovoltaic efficiency of such parallel multijunction solar ceils was obtained based on Shockley-Queisser＇s theory. An efficiency exceeding the Shockley--Queisser limit （33%） can be expected using multijunction solar cells consisting of separately fabricated subcells. The results provide an important alternative approach to realize high photovoltaic efficiency without the need for expensive epitaxial technology widely used in tandem solar cells, thus stimulating the research and application of high efficiency and low cost solar cells.

Spectrum-Splitting Diffractive Optical Element of High Concentration Factor and High Optical Efficiency for Three-Junction Photovoltaics

A spectrum-splitting and beam-concentrating （SSBC） diffractive optical element （DOE） for three-junction pho- tovoltaics （PV） system is designed and fabricated by five-circ/e micro-fabrication. The incident solar light is efficiently split into three sub-spectrum ranges and strongly concentrated on the focal plane, which can be di- rectly utilized by suitable spectrum-matching solar cells. The system concentration factor reaches 12x. Moreover, the designed wavelengths （450nm, 550nm and 65Onto） are spatially distributed on the focal plane, in good agree- ment with the theoretical results. The average optical effic/ency of all the cells over the three designed wavelengths is 60.07%. The SSBC DOE with a high concentration factor and a high optical efficiency provides a cost-effective approach to achieve higher PV conversion efficieneies.

Design optimization of highly efficient spectrum-splitting and beam-concentrating diffractive optical element for lateral multijunction solar cells

Two improved algorithms are proposed to extend a diffractive optical element （DOE） to work under the broad spec- trum of sunlight. An optimum design has been found for the DOE, with a weighted average optical efficiency of about 6.8% better than that of the previous design. The optimization of designing high optical efficiency DOEs will pave the way for future designs of high-efficiency, low-cost lateral multijunction solar cells based on such a DOE.

Design of Diffractive Optical Elements Used for Beam Shaping in the Fresnel Domain

In the Fresnel transform domain, an effective improvement to the conventional iterative algorithm for designing the diffractive optical elements (DOEs) used for spatial beam shaping has been proposed. The algorithm can successfully achieve to design DOEs for beam shaping. Compared with conventional algorithm, this algorithm can provide faster convergence, more powerful ability to overcome local minimum problem and better shaping quality. By computer simulation, the result has shown that the DOEs designed by this algorithm has snch advantages as high uniformity at the main lobe, low profile error and steep edge.

Subwavelength Diffractive Optical Elements

1 Introduction 1.1 Advantages of DOE 1)High diffraction efficiency; 2)Dispersive; 3)More selectivity of designing parameters; 4)More selectivity of primary materials; 5)Can make components miniature,forming array and integration. 1.2 1.3 megapixel triplet plastic mobile

A multi-photon(7×7)-focus 3D laser printer based on a 3D-printed diffractive optical element and a 3D-printed multi-lens array

One of the challenges in the field of multi-photon 3D laser printing lies in further increasing the print speed in terms of voxels/s.Here,we present a setup based on a 7×7 focus array(rather than 3×3 in our previous work)and using a focus velocity of about 1 m/s(rather than 0.5 m/s in our previous work)at the diffraction limit(40×/NA1.4 microscope objective lens).Combined,this advance leads to a ten times increased print speed of about 108 voxels/s.We demonstrate polymer printing of a chiral metamaterial containing more than 1.7×10^(12) voxels as well as millions of printed microparticles for potential pharmaceutical applications.The critical high-quality micro-optical components of the setup,namely a diffractive optical element generating the 7×7 beamlets and a 7×7 lens array,are manufactured by using a commercial two-photon grayscale 3D laser printer.

3D Diffractive Focusing THz of In-Plane Surface Plasmon Polarition Waves

Demonstrated that analog of diffractive and refractive 3D optics in free space can be developed to manipulate surface waves such as surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs). It has been shown that an air-gap control of a floating dielectric block can generate the dynamic phase and amplitude modulation of the SPP transmission coefficient. Unlike conventional bulk optics, the nano-scale surface optics for SPP processing contains several unexpected and interesting features in addition to the physical features described. Dynamic plasmonic information processing on the nano-scale using air-gap control may be an effective mechanism for building a dynamic plasmonic information processing system.

Metasurface-driven dots projection based on generalized Rayleigh-Sommerfeld diffraction theory

The diffractive optical element(DOE)is an important component of three-dimensional(3D)imaging systems based on structured light.In this work,we designed the metasurface-driven DOEs based on generalized Rayleigh–Sommerfeld diffraction theory to project large field of view(FOV)pseudo-random dot array for 3D imaging.We measured an efficiency of 61.04%and root-mean-square error(RMSE)of 0.45 for the 60°FOV sample and an efficiency of 42.96%and RMSE of 0.75 for the 144°FOV sample.Because the pattern is designed based on the generalized Rayleigh–Sommerfeld diffraction theory,the projected pattern is similar to the target pattern and has even intensity.

Full Complex Amplitude Digital Holograms： Design, Fabrication and Optical Characterization

Diffractive optical elements have a large number of industrial applications, such as beam shaping and optical filtering. Traditionally, these elements modulate the phase of the incoming light or its amplitude, but not both. To overcome this limitation, full complex-amplitude modulation diffractive optical elements were developed. Well-established integrated circuit fabrication steps were employed to fabricate the devices with high precision. Using this approach, the new element's optical performances are improved also for near field operations. With this device it is possible to obtain 100% efficient spatial filtering and low noise reconstructed images.

Design of refractive/diffractive hybrid optical elements for beam shaping with large diffraction pattern

Diffractive optics is an important technique for beam shaping with high light efficiency and strong diffraction pattern flexibility. Since the diffraction angle is limited by the unit size of the diffractive optical element （DOE）, the size of the required diffraction pattern is always rather small. In this Letter, refractive/diffractive hybrid optical elements （RDHOEs） consisting of a DOE and a lens are used to realize beam shaping for a large diffraction pattern. The lens, as the component of the RDHOEs, can not only be concave but also convex, and the double sampling Fresnel diffraction algorithm is developed for the design of these two types of RDHOEs. The simulation and experimental results provide solid evidence to demonstrate the proposed method with the pure phase spatial light modulator.

Diffractive optical elements 75 years on:from micro-optics to metasurfaces

Diffractive optical elements(DOEs)are intricately designed devices with the purpose of manipulating light fields by precisely modifying their wavefronts.The concept of DOEs has its origins dating back to 1948 when D.Gabor first introduced holography.Subsequently,researchers introduced binary optical elements(BOEs),including computer-generated holograms(CGHs),as a distinct category within the realm of DOEs.This was the first revolution in optical devices.The next major breakthrough in light field manipulation occurred during the early 21st century,marked by the advent of metamaterials and metasurfaces.Metasurfaces are particularly appealing due to their ultra-thin,ultra-compact properties and their capacity to exert precise control over virtually every aspect of light fields,including amplitude,phase,polarization,wavelength/frequency,angular momentum,etc.The advancement of light field manipulation with micro/nano-structures has also enabled various applications in fields such as information acquisition,transmission,storage,processing,and display.In this review,we cover the fundamental science,cutting-edge technologies,and wide-ranging applications associated with micro/nano-scale optical devices for regulating light fields.We also delve into the prevailing challenges in the pursuit of developing viable technology for real-world applications.Furthermore,we offer insights into potential future research trends and directions within the realm of light field manipulation.

End-to-end optimization of a diffractive optical element and aberration correction for integral imaging

In the integral imaging light field display, the introduction of a diffractive optical element (DOE) can solve the problem of limited depth of field of the traditional lens. However, the strong aberration of the DOE significantly reduces the final display quality. Thus, herein, an end-to-end joint optimization method for optimizing DOE and aberration correction is proposed. The DOE model is established using thickness as the variable, and a deep learning network is built to preprocess the composite image loaded on the display panel. The simulation results show that the peak signal to noise ratio value of the optimized image increases by 8 dB, which confirms that the end-to-end joint optimization method can effectively reduce the aberration problem.

Diffractive Optical Elements for Dynamic Optical Coupling

Diffractive optical elements such as the complementary Dammann gratings are incorporated for dynamic optical fiber splitting and combining. Experimental results of 1×8 dynamic optical couplings are presented.

利用多层表面微结构提高DOE宽波段衍射效率

针对单层衍射光学元件的不足,介绍了一种新型的多层衍射光学元件,通过层叠多个具有不同材料色散特性与相位高度的单层表面微结构,增加元件相位分布函数中的可变因子,实现波段内各波长光波的等效相位调制等于或接近2-的整数倍,双层衍射光学元件在0.4～0.8μm可见光波段的理论衍射效率可以达到96%以上。利用双层衍射光学元件替代萤石透镜校正混合光学系统的二级光谱,设计并制作了一套长焦距物镜,并利用系统调制传递函数评价了多层衍射光学元件衍射效率,测试结果表明衍射效率在整个设计波段内以较高的数值平均分布。

激光束整形为正方框形光束的DOE的设计及实验

以几何理论为基础来设计将激光束整形为正方框形光束的衍射光学元件(DOE),推导出了衍射光学元件表面上的相位表达式;以高斯光束整形为例,将其整形为所需要的光强分布;进行了计算机模拟,得到了比较好的结果;同时也进行了实验验证,实验结果证明了设计方法、理论推导以及程序设计的正确性。

Correction of dispersion distortion of femtosecond pulses by using the non-planar surface of diffractive optical elements

Peculiarities of propagation of femtosecond pulses through a focusing diffractive optical element (DOE) are considered. It is shown that the time delay between the pulse and phase wavefronts can be decreased by fabricating the DOE on the optimal curvilinear surface.

任意点阵衍射图形的DOE优化设计

本文利用模拟退火算法对任意点阵衍射图形的纯相位衍射元件进行了优化设计，针对收敛性和收敛速率对算法进行了适当修正。

斜入射高衍射效率双层衍射光学元件优化方法

针对双层衍射光学元件传统优化方法斜入射时衍射效率偏低的问题,基于双层衍射光学元件衍射效率与入射角度及波长的理论关系模型,提出了角度优化设计方法。通过分析设计过程中不同入射角和微结构高度对衍射效率的影响,优化选取微结构高度,显著提高了大视场下的衍射效率。为了验证上述理论,采用长短波衍射效率相等法、带宽积分平均衍射效率最大法以及提出的角度优化设计方法,分别对可见光波段和红外波段的双层衍射光学元件进行设计。结果表明,角度优化设计方法能够有效提高双层衍射光学元件的角度带宽积分平均衍射效率,进而提高光学系统的成像质量。最后,基于角度优化设计方法设计了长焦折衍混合系统,实现了高衍射效率下的高像质折衍混合系统。