Loads Analysis of Flanges of a Transonic and Supersonic Wind Tunnel Wide Angle Diffuser

Compared with general circular flanges, flanges on conical shells have different configurations. In the Chinese national code GBISO, however, there are no related contents about flange design of this kind of type. So, it needs to study loads of flanges of this kind of type. This paper takes the flange connection of a wide angle diffuser in a transonic and supersonic wind tunnel as the background, according to the principles of flange design in Chinese national code GB150, combining the characteristics of flanges of a wide angle diffuser, the loads of flanges have been analyzed, and the equations of loads and their locations have been presented.

Theoretical Calculations and Experimental Verification for the Pumping Effect Caused by the Dynamic Micro-tapered Angle

The atomizer with micro cone apertures has advantages of ultra-fine atomized droplets, low power consumption and low temperature rise. The current research of this kind of atomizer mainly focuses on the performance and its application while there is less research of the principle of the atomization. Under the analysis of the dispenser and its micro-tapered aperture＇s deformation, the volume changes during the deformation and vibration of the micro-tapered aperture on the dispenser are calculated by coordinate transformation. Based on the characters of the flow resistance in a cone aperture, it is found that the dynamic cone angle results from periodical changes of the volume of the micro-tapered aperture of the atomizer and this change drives one-way flows. Besides, an experimental atomization platform is established to measure the atomization rates with different resonance frequencies of the cone aperture atomizer. The atomization performances of cone aperture and straight aperture atomizers are also measured. The experimental results show the existence of the pumping effect of the dynamic tapered angle. This effect is usually observed in industries that require low dispersion and micro- and nanoscale grain sizes, such as during production of high-pressure nozzles and inhalation therapy. Strategies to minimize the pumping effect of the dynamic cone angle or improve future designs are important concerns. This research proposes that dynamic micro-tapered angle is an important cause of atomization of the atomizer with micro cone apertures.

Effect of Pore Morphology and Regional Distribution of Liquid Diffusion Directionality in Nonwoven Fabrics

The effect of pore morphology and regional distribution on liquid diffusion directionality in nonwoven fabrics was investigated in this study.Pore orientation angle(POA) and pore aspect ratio(PAR) were proposed to characterize the pore morphology,and α-region,β-region,and αβ-region were used to describe the characteristics of the pore regional distribution.The directional characteristics of macroscopic diffusion of liquid in nonwoven fabrics were characterized by the indicator of primary diffusion orientation angle(PDOA).Ten kinds of spunlaced nonwoven fabrics were selected.Firstly,the data of pore characteristic indices of each sample were obtained through scanning electron microscope(SEM) and the image processing technology as well,and the pore regional distribution map of each sample was further acquired.Then,the PDOA of each sample was obtained through the droplet method and image processing technology.Based on the data and statistical analysis,it was found that the PDOA of a certain volume of liquid in the nonwoven fabrics presented a significant linear relationship with the average POA of the nonwoven fabrics.And the characteristics of pore distribution affected the directionality of liquid diffusion in the nonwoven fabrics.The samples with a large proportion of α-region and good distribution had prominent liquid diffusion along the direction of laying-up,and the difference in liquid diffusion of the samples was more obvious between the directions of laying-up and vertical laying-up.

The Influence of Wedge Diffuser Blade Number and Divergence Angle on the Performance of a High Pressure Ratio Centrifugal Compressor

Wedge diffuser is widely used in centrifugal compressors due to its high performance and compact size. This paper is aimed to research the influence of wedge diffuser blade number and divergence angle on centrifugal compressor performance. The impact of wedge diffuser blade number on compressor stage performance is investigated, and then the wedge diffusers with different divergence angle are studied by varying diffuser wedge angle and blade number simultaneously. It is found that wedge diffuser with 27 blades could have about 0.8% higher adiabatic efficiency and 0.14 higher total pressure ratio than the wedge diffuser with 19 blades and the best compressor performance is achieved when diffuser divergence angle is 8.3°.These results could give some advices on centrifugal compressor design.

Detached eddy simulation on the structure of swirling jet flow field

The improved delayed detached eddy simulation method with shear stress transport model was used to analyze the evolution of vortex structure,velocity and pressure fields of swirling jet.The influence of nozzle pressure drop on vortex structure development and turbulence pulsation was investigated.The development of vortex structure could be divided into three stages:Kelvin-Helmholtz(K-H)instability,transition stage and swirling flow instability.Swirling flow could significantly enhance radial turbulence pulsation and increase diffusion angle.At the downstream of the jet flow,turbulence pulsation dissipation was the main reason for jet velocity attenuation.With the increase of pressure drop,the jet velocity,pulsation amplitude and the symmetry of velocity distribution increased correspondingly.Meanwhile the pressure pulsation along with the axis and vortex transport intensity also increased significantly.When the jet distance exceeded about 9 times the dimensionless jet distance,the impact distance of swirling jet could not be improved effectively by increasing the pressure drop.However,it could effectively increase the swirl intensity and jet diffusion angle.The swirling jet is more suitable for radial horizontal drilling with large hole size,coalbed methane horizontal well cavity completion and roadway drilling and pressure relief,etc.

Seasonal variation of the double diffusion processes at the Strait of Hormuz

Profiles of salinity and temperature were measured in the strait of Hormuz（SH） during the winter of 2012, spring and summer of 2013. To investigate the double diffusion（DD） processes, Turner（TU） angle values are calculated in all the stations in the SH. Different TU angle values correspond to salt fingering（SF）, diffusive convection（DC）and stable stratification. The distributions of the two forms of DD were plotted vertically along transects in the eastern, central and western part of the SH, and corresponding DD processes were described. The results show that both SF and DC occurred in most part of the study area. Two different water masses（the Indian Ocean surface water and the Persian Gulf water） were evident at the SH, and SF and DC were evident at the interface of two water masses. Due to evaporation, SF occurred in the surface layer of most Stations throughout the year. In the eastern part of the SH, occurrences of DC were more feasible in wintertime. SF was the main phenomenon at the end of hot season. For central part, SF occurred throughout the year in water column. In the western part,water column was stable in summer and DC happened in most part of water column in winter.

Investigation of the Influence of Inclination Angle and Diffusion Angle on the Film Cooling Performance of Chevron Shaped Hole

The film cooling performance of chevron holes with different inclination angles and exit lateral diffusion angles has been studied experimentally and numerically. The inclination angles include 35° and 55°. The exit lateral diffusion angles include 20° and 25°. The film cooling effectiveness, heat transfer coefficient and discharge coefficient were measured on a flat plate model by transient liquid crystal measurement technique under four blowing ratios. The results show that the large inclination angle reduces the film cooling effectiveness. The influence of diffusion angle has two aspects: the large diffusion angle leads to mainstream ingestion and decreases film cooling effectiveness at M=1.0 and 1.5; however, the large diffusion angle increases the film cooling effectiveness at high blowing ratio of 2.0, because the larger hole exit area decreases the normal momentum component of the film jet. The large inclination angle decreases the heat transfer coefficient in the right downstream region at M=0.5 and 1.0. The large diffusion angle enhances the heat transfer in the right downstream of the holes in M=0.5～1.5 conditions. The chevron hole with large inclination angle generally has the highest discharge coefficient.