Accuracy of Mean Value of Central Venous Pressure from Monitor Digital Display: Influence of Amplitude of Central Venous Pressure during Respiration

Background A simple measurement of central venous pressure(CVP)-mean by the digital monitor display has become increasingly popular.However,the agreement between CVP-mean and CVP-end(a standard method of CVP measurement by analyzing the waveform at end-expiration)is not well determined.This study was designed to identify the relationship between CVP-mean and CVP-end in critically ill patients and to introduce a new parameter of CVP amplitude(ΔCVP=CVPmax-CVPmin)during the respiratory period to identify the agreement/disagreement between CVP-mean and CVP-end.Methods In total,291 patients were included in the study.CVP-mean and CVP-end were obtained simultaneously from each patient.CVP measurement difference(|CVP-mean-CVP-end|)was defined as the difference between CVP-mean and CVP-end.TheΔCVP was calculated as the difference between the peak(CVPmax)and the nadir value(CVPmin)during the respiratory cycle,which was automatically recorded on the monitor screen.Subjects with|CVP-mean-CVP-end|≥2 mm Hg were divided into the inconsistent group,while subjects with|CVP-mean-CVP-end|2 mm Hg were divided into the consistent group.ResultsΔCVP was significantly higher in the inconsistent group[7.17(2.77)vs.5.24(2.18),P0.001]than that in the consistent group.There was a significantly positive relationship betweenΔCVP and|CVP-mean-CVP-end|(r=0.283,P 0.0001).Bland-Altman plot showed the bias was-0.61 mm Hg with a wide 95%limit of agreement(-3.34,2.10)of CVP-end and CVP-mean.The area under the receiver operating characteristic curves(AUC)ofΔCVP for predicting|CVP-mean-CVP-end|≥2 mm Hg was 0.709.With a high diagnostic specificity,usingΔCVP3 to detect|CVP-mean-CVP-end|lower than 2mm Hg(consistent measurement)resulted in a sensitivity of 22.37%and a specificity of 93.06%.UsingΔCVP8 to detect|CVP-mean-CVPend|8 mm Hg(inconsistent measurement)resulted in a sensitivity of 31.94%and a specificity of 91.32%.Conclusions CVP-end and CVP-mean have statistical discrepancies in specific clinical scenarios.ΔCVP during the respiratory period is related to the variation of the two CVP methods.A highΔCVP indicates a poor agreement between these two methods,whereas a lowΔCVP indicates a good agreement between these two methods.

Design Strategy of Digital Display Based on the Concept of Service Design

Based on the analysis of the concept,core,research content and method of service design,this paper explains the necessity of service design to participate in digital display,and further discusses how service design integrates with digital display,how to redesign the digital display system under the intervention of service design,and how to integrate user needs into it at all times.Finally,the design strategy of digital display under the concept of service design is proposed.

Design of recognition algorithm for multiclass digital display instrument based on convolution neural network

Digital display instrument identification is a crucial approach for automating the collection of digital display data.In this study,we propose a digital display area detection CTPNpro algorithm to address the problem of recognizing multiclass digital display instruments.We developed a multiclass digital display instrument recognition algorithm by combining the character recognition network constructed using a convolutional neural network and bidirectional variable-length long short-term memory(LSTM).First,the digital display region detection CTPNpro network framework was designed based on the CTPN network architecture by introducing feature fusion and residual structure.Next,the digital display instrument identification network was constructed based on a convolutional neural network using twoway LSTM and Connectionist temporal classification(CTC)of indefinite length.Finally,an automatic calibration system for digital display instruments was built,and a multiclass digital display instrument dataset was constructed by sampling in the system.We compared the performance of the CTPNpro algorithm with other methods using this dataset to validate the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed algorithm.

Identification and expression of a novel human testis-specific gene by digital differential display

Background Evidence for the importance of genetic factors in male infertility is accumulating This study was designed to identify a novel testis specific gene related to spermatogenesis by a new strategy of digital differential display (DDD) Methods Based on the generation of expressed sequenced tags (ESTs), comparing the testis libraries with other tissue or cell line libraries by the DDD program, we identified a new contig of the ESTs which were derived from testis libraries and represented a novel gene Multi tissue RT PCR was performed to analyse its tissue specific expression The full length cDNA of the new gene was obtained using the BLAST program Sequencing was performed and the result was analysed Semi quantitative RT PCR and Northern blot analyseis of mRNA from differential normal tissues were performed to clarify the expression pattern of the new gene The sequence of the opening reading frame was integrated into the pQE 30 vector expressed in Escherichia coil strain M15(pREP4) With IPTG induction, the target protein was detected Results A full length cDNA sequence of the new gene named SPATA12 (GeneBank accession number AY221117) in human testis was identified SPATA12 was 2430 bp in length, located in chromosome 3p21 1 3p21 2 The sequence of the opening reading frame was 676-1248 bp, as was confirmed by RT PCR and sequencing The cDNA encodes a novel protein of 190 amino acids with a theoretical molecular weight of 20 417 8 and isoelectric point of 5 23 The sequence has no significant homology with any known protein in databases Semi quantitative RT PCR and Northern blot analyses of multiple tissues showed that SPATA12 was expressed significantly in normal human testis The expression recombinant of SPATA12 was constructed and a high level of the histidine tagged fusion protein was obtained Conclusions DDD can be confirmed by SPATA12 as a novel computational biology based approach for identification of the testis specific expression genes SPATA12 may function as a testicular germ cell associated gene that plays some roles in spermatogenesis Moreover, a great amount of SPATA12 protein could be obtained by the gene recombination technique, thus providing a reliable foundation for investigating the biological function of this new protein

Era of the 4D animal model

Revealing the entire dynamics of pathogenesis is critical for understanding,preventing and treating human disease but is limited by systematic clinical sampling.This drawback can be overcome with animal model studies.Recent advances in phenotyping,omics and bioinformatics technologies promote the development of the 4D animal model to simulate and digitally display the spatiotemporal landscapes of phenotypes and molecular dynamics in human diseases and reveal novel targets for diagnosis and therapy.In this commentary,the origin,supporting technologies,content,function and application,and advantages of 4D animal models over clinical studies and traditional animal models,as well as their limitations,are presented.

Field emission digital display tube with nano-graphite film cathode

The field emission digital display tube with a nano-crystalline graphite cold cathode is designed and fabricated. Under the control of the driving circuits, a dynamic digital display with uniform luminance distribution is realized. The luminance of the character segments is 190 cd/m2 at the operating voltage of 900 V. And the stable emission is attained with a fluctuation of about 3% at an average segment current of 75 μA. The results demonstrate that nano-crystalline graphite film is a promising material for cold cathode.

Design of Slant-Form Tool in Precision Reuse of Digital Paper Display

A reuse fabrication module using micro electroetching as a precision machining process with a new design of a slant-form tool to remove the defective indium-tin-oxide （ITO） nanostructure from the optical polyethyleneterephthalate （PET） surfaces of digital paper display is presented in current studies. The low yield of ITO thin film deposition is an important factor in optoelectronic semiconductor production. The adopted precision reuse process requires only a short period of time to remove the ITO nanostructure easily and cleanly, which is based on technical and economical considerations and is highly efficient. In the current experiment, a large inclined angle of the cathode and a small end radius of the anode take less time for the same amount of ITO removal. A higher feed rate of the optical PET diaphragm combines with enough electric power to drive fast micro electroetching. A small rotational diameter of the anode accompanied by a small width of the cathode corresponds to a higher removal rate for the ITO nanostructure. A pulsed direct current can improve the effect of dreg discharge and is advantageous to couple this current with the fast feed rate of the workpiece. This improvement is associated with an increase in current rating. High rotational speed of the slant-form tool can improve the effect of dregs discharge and is advantageous to associate with the fast feed rate of the workpiece （optical PET diaphragm）.

A grey scale conversion algorithm for digital sonar display system

It is proved that the bearing history display is an effective method to detect weak signal. There is an interface between multibeam data and brightness modulation display system in digital sonar. The system gain obtained from signal processing system may be lost in this interface. A right choice of conversion algorithm will reduce this lose to minimum. The Grey Scale Conversion ( GSC) algorithm proposed in this paper is a real time digital operation technique. This technique can be used to improve the detection ability for weak signals, in the meantime there is no serious effect on strong signal detection. The method described in this papr is easy to implement in hardware. The simulation results with a computer show a good agreement with the theoretical analysis. A brief outline of hardware design is also illustrated.

数字逻辑实验演示板

本文介绍了为辅助课堂教学而自制的＂数字逻辑实验演示板＂．简要说明了其特点，功能、内外部结构及部分电路。

An effective round ball tool in electrochemistry process as novel reuse fabrication technology

A reuse fabrication module using micro electrochemistry (MECM) with a round-ball tool to remove the defective In2O3 SnO2 thin film from the surfaces of digital paper display was presented.The etching effect improves that the number of the round-balls decreases for promoting the concentration of electric power and increasing discharge space.Using a small size of the round-ball tool takes less time for the same amount of In2O3 SnO 2 layer removal since the effect of MECM is easily developed for supplying of sufficient electrochemical power.A higher feed rate of the poly ethylene terephthalate (PET) diaphragm combines with enough electric power to drive fast etching rate.A pulsed direct current can improve the effect of dreg discharge and is advantageous to couple this current with the fast feed rate of the workpiece.Through the ultra-precise etching of In2O 3 SnO2,the optoelectronic semiconductor industry can effectively reuse the defective products,reducing production costs.This precision etching process is of high efficiency and requires only a short period of time to remove the In2O3 SnO2 nanostructures.

谈谈数字电子汽车衡

本文简要介绍了由数字称重传感器和数字称重显示器组成的数字电子汽车衡的原理和安装调试方面的知识。

Design of large memory TFT LCD driver based on Verilog language

This paper presents a design scheme of SDRAM controller based on FPGA. The paper analyze the basic operation principle of SDRAM, and introduce the state machine and the arbitration mechanism. Simulation verification in QuartuslI development environment using Verilog language show that the system achieve high-speed data caching and transmission. The design method of each module and the realization process in the overall design is introduced in detail. The experimental results show that： the controller design is flexible, stable and reliable operation, low cost. can be used as IP core for the cache system in different SOC_

The state-of-the-art in computer generated holography for 3D display

Holographic displays have the promise to be the ultimate 3D display technology,able to account for all visual cues.Recent advances in photonics and electronics gave rise to high-resolution holographic display prototypes,indicating that they may become widely available in the near future.One major challenge in driving those display systems is computational:computer generated holography(CGH)consists of numerically simulating diffraction,which is very computationally intensive.Our goal in this paper is to give a broad overview of the state-of-the-art in CGH.We make a classification of modern CGH algorithms,we describe different algorithmic CGH acceleration techniques,discuss the latest dedicated hardware solutions and indicate how to evaluate the perceptual quality of CGH.We summarize our findings,discuss remaining challenges and make projections on the future of CGH.

Gaia Journeys: a museum-based immersive performance exploration of the Earth

Gaia Journeys is a collaborative multimedia musical and virtual reality art performance conceived by author Williams,with the aid of staff at the Denver Museum of Nature&Science.Inspired by astronauts who spoke of seeing a border-less world from orbit,Gaia Journeys’chief goal was to deliver this experience to museum audiences via photo-realistic virtual depictions of the Earth(from orbit as well as via spherical photographic panoramas taken from the ground)choreographed to live musical accompaniment.Gaia Journeys took place in the high resolution digital‘fulldome’Gates Planetarium,withWilliams playing the violin and keyboards,enhancing a previously recorded backing track,while visuals were generated with SCISS AB’s Uniview.The eight tracks of audio were three-dimensionally spatialised to the 16.4 sound system of the Gates Planetarium,providing an immersive sound experience to match the visuals.The audience feedback was generally positive,with great interest in repeat or similar future programming.These visitor evaluations suggest the potent power of the new class of digital planetaria for displaying virtual globe datasets to the public,via both multimedia entertainment like Gaia Journeys as well as traditional lectures.