Integrated Building Envelope Design Process Combining Parametric Modelling and Multi-Objective Optimization

As an important element in sustainable building design, the building envelope has been witnessing a constant shift in the design approach. Integrating multi-objective optimization (MOO) into the building envelope design process is very promising, but not easy to realize in an actual project due to several factors, including the complexity of optimization model construction, lack of a dynamic-visualization capacity in the simulation tools and consideration of how to match the optimization with the actual design process. To overcome these difficulties, this study constructed an integrated building envelope design process (IBEDP) based on parametric modelling, which was implemented using Grasshopper platform and interfaces to control the simulation software and optimization algorithm. A railway station was selected as a case study for applying the proposed IBEDP, which also utilized a grid-based variable design approach to achieve flexible optimum fenestrations. To facilitate the stepwise design process, a novel strategy was proposed with a two-step optimization, which optimized various categories of variables separately. Compared with a one-step optimization, though the proposed strategy performed poorly in the diversity of solutions, the quantitative assessment of the qualities of Pareto-optimum solution sets illustrates that it is superior. © 2016, Tianjin University and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.

3D Digital Design of Cranes' Structures Based on Hybrid Software Architecture

3D digital design for cranes’ structures based on hybrid software architecture of Client/Server and Browser/Server is introduced in this paper. Based on Pro/ENGINEER platform,3D parametric model family is built to allow generation of feasible configurations of cranes’ structures in Client/Server framework. Taking use of Visual C++,the second exploiting software kit provided by Pro/ENGINEER and ANSYS GUI/APDL modeling patterns,an integration method of 3D CAD and CAE is achieved,which includes regeneration of 3D parametric model,synchronous updating and analysis of FEA model. As in Browser/Server framework,the 3D CAD models of parts,components and the whole structure could also be displayed in the customer’s browser in VRML format.

Digital Design of Virtual Prototype based on Multidisciplinary Design Optimization

In order to obtain digital design of complex mechanical product as optimal as possible in an efficient way,multi- discipline integrated design method is proposed,which integrates multidisciplinary design optimization (MDO) into digital design process to design virtual prototype (VP) efficiently.Through combining MDO and multi-body system dynamics,MDO integra- tion platform,which takes VP as the core,is constructed.Then automated MDO design of VP is realized and changes of mechani- cal design project can be expressed intuitively during MDO design process.The proposed approach is also demonstrated by using inte- grated analyzing flow of vehicle engineering design.The result shows that the method not only can feasibly realize the MDO of VP, but also can solve the optimization problem of vehicle multi-body system dynamic performance.It can be adopted to the digital de- sign of other complex system.

An Integrated Die Casting Design System

Die casting process is one of the prime options for m anufacturing precisely dimensioned, sharply defined metal parts. The design of d ie casting dies comprises several stages and entails a large amount of time. Tra ditionally, the different stages of the die design were not integrated but exist as separate entities. Moreover, recurring modifications or even redesigns are r equired due to the complexity in achieving an accurate initial die design. As a result, die design is usually time-consuming and costly with respect to resourc es. The die casting industry will greatly benefit if proper application software are developed that integrates the different die design stages and allows editin g of die design as and when needed. Hence it is imperative to create an integrat ed die design system that shortens the die design time. This paper presents a research that establishes a prototype of an integrated die design system. It is developed using the commercial SolidWorks CAD system and n amed DiWorks. The aim of building the system on a commercial CAD system is to ut ilise the resources and features of the CAD system to speed up the die design pr ocess. DiWorks consists of six distinct modules: Project Manager, Cavity Insert Builder, Gating System Constructor, Die Base Designer, Ejector System Constructo r and Standard Components Library. Through these six modules, the die designer c an create a complete die casting die beginning from a product part model. It is a user-friendly system that allows both experienced and novice die designers to easily accomplish the task of die design. The practical goal of this research is twofold: to develop a system that integra tes the die design process and at the same time facilitates the editing of d ie design during or after the course of the design process. The research approac h includes (i) parametric design, (ii) feature-based design (iii) system modeli ng and implementation. Parametric design deals with variable dimensions as contr ol parameters, and it is an efficient tool for creating models based on paramete rs. Parametric design not only increases the design efficiency, but also makes t he updates and modifications of existing designs easier and faster, since these can be achieved by changing the parameters of the parametric model. Feature-bas ed design is used to design a product with features that are functionally define d by attributes and are geometrically represented by a set of parameters. The re sults of this research will aid the automation of the die design process, thus i mproving the efficiency and quality of, and reducing the cost of die design.

OPTIMAL DESIGN OF HOUSING ATTICS WITH INTEGRATED SOLAR COLLECTORS

In order to reduce the increasing energy consumption for the domestic demands of existing single-family housing and take advantage of frequent building enlargements,this paper presents a methodology and supporting software tool for determining the optimal design configuration of an attic with integrated solar collectors.The analysis procedure is based on parametric modeling,energy simulation and the use of evolutionary algorithms for finding optimal designs.It has been implemented as a Web-platform for public use that provides users with a proposal of an attic shape with maximum solar energy collection,maximum living space and minimum construc-tion envelope for each house according its size and orientation.The attic integrates PV,thermal and hybrid solar panels on one side of the roof.This paper describes the methodology and software design,asssment of the Web-platform usage and case-studies to verify its behavior.In a matter of minutes,the Web-platform enables users to select a specific attic design for each house that has integrated solar collectors that can produce energy to cover almost 100%of domestic energy consumption.The attics designed provide a nearly 30%increase in living space through the extension of one to four rooms,and the construction cost of the envelope is similar to that of a standard housing extension.

An integrated simulation method for PVSS parametric design using multi-objective optimization

An adequate strategy for achieving energy efficiency when designing a photovoltaic shading system(PVSS)shall find an equilibrium between sunlight heat gain and daylight trans-mittances through effective analysis tools in a building’s early design phases.However,traditional simulation methods are either time-consuming or lacking architectonical thinking.This paper proposes a new method for architects to integrate thermal and daylighting performance by using parametric script modelling and optimize their balance with multi-objective optimization(MOO)algorithm in PVSS design.A case study was conducted to demonstrate the workflow of proposed integrated simulation method in PVSS design,and further compared the results with that of three single-objective optimizations under the same design requirement.The findings show that the integrated framework is a feasible method for PVSS design and can be extended into the design of other advance shading system or building integrated photovoltaic.

Parametrising historical Chinese courtyard-dwellings:An algorithmic design framework for the digital representation of Siheyuan iterations based on traditional design principles

Many Beijing Siheyuan,a type of Chinese vernacular housing with significant cultural value,have been lost in recent years.Preserving the few remaining has become a necessity,but many contemporary architects lack an understanding of their design principles.Based on a historical analysis deriving from Fengshui theory,the Gongchens Zuofa Zeli ancient construction manual,and craftsmen's experience,this paper describes a parametric algorithm capable of producing Siheyuan variants within a 4D CAD environment which by transforming the original design principles into an algorithm contributes to an understanding of Siheyuan typology and their preservation.This algorithm was implemented in a virtual scripting environment to generate accurate virtual counterparts of historical orextant Siheyuan houses revealing the tacit computational rules underlying traditional Chinese architecture.

Materials-oriented integrated design and construction of structures in civil engineering—A review

Design is a goal-oriented planning activity for creating products,processes,and systems with desired functions through specifications.It is a decision-making exploration:the design outcome may vary greatly depending on the designer’s knowledge and philosophy.Integrated design is one type of design philosophy that takes an interdisciplinary and holistic approach.In civil engineering,structural design is such an activity for creating buildings and infrastructures.Recently,structural design in many countries has emphasized a performance-based philosophy that simultaneously considers a structure’s safety,durability,serviceability,and sustainability.Consequently,integrated design in civil engineering has become more popular,useful,and important.Material-oriented integrated design and construction of structures(MIDCS)combine materials engineering and structural engineering in the design stage:it fully utilizes the strengths of materials by selecting the most suitable structural forms and construction methodologies.This paper will explore real-world examples of MIDCS,including the realization of MIDCS in timber seismic-resistant structures,masonry arch structures,long-span steel bridges,prefabricated/on-site extruded light-weight steel structures,fiber-reinforced cementitious composites structures,and fiber-reinforced polymer bridge decks.Additionally,advanced material design methods such as bioinspired design and structure construction technology of additive manufacturing are briefly reviewed and discussed to demonstrate how MIDCS can combine materials and structures.A unified strengthdurability design theory is also introduced,which is a human-centric,interdisciplinary,and holistic approach to the description and development of any civil infrastructure and includes all processes directly involved in the life cycle of the infrastructure.Finally,this paper lays out future research directions for further development in the field.

TEST OF BOARD-LEVEL BOUNDARY SCAN INTEGRITY

The IEEE Standard 1149.1 boundary scan (BS) implementation provides the internal access required for testing the digital printed circuit board (PCB). However, the integrity of the boundary scan test infrastructure should be tested first to guarantee the validation of the results of the rest functional test and diagnosis. This paper describes the fault models and test principles of the BS test access port (TAP) lines on PCBs. A test algorithm with high fault coverage and short time is then presented for the PCB on which all ICs are BS ones.

冰上运动建筑曲面光伏参数化集成设计研究

2022年冬奥会成功举办,国内掀起了冰上体育运动的热潮,冰上运动建筑需求量和能源消耗量随之增长。光伏建筑一体化(Building Integrated Photovoltaic,BIPV)作为建筑节能的主要手段之一,在体育建筑屋面具有较大的集成潜力。通过建立寒冷地区曲面冰上运动建筑典型模型进行集成设计研究,基于Grasshopper参数化平台实现新型柔性CIGS薄膜光伏组件沿屋面曲线形态的优化布置,从两个层级出发,提出参数化设计方法与构造措施。通过Honeybee进行能耗模拟,结果表明,该柔性光伏系统全年可以为冰上运动建筑降低15.82%的能量消耗,进而验证了该方案的节能性,为建筑师进行寒冷地区曲面冰上运动建筑设计的节能优化设计提供数据支撑及科学依据。

中华古都营城智慧的创新探索——北京老城总体城市设计的实践与思考

北京老城是东方古都的杰出代表,北京向来重视历史文化的传承,但在现代化进程中,古都历史文化保护仍然面临来自社会、经济、城市定位及交通方式变化等诸方面的压力和挑战。针对东方古都的杰出代表——北京老城,设计通过对北京老城东方营城智慧挖掘探索的研究主线,强调中轴线统领作用的“一轴带两翼”总体布局。在保护与发展并重的规划引导下,设计凝练了北京老城何以杰出的营城智慧——山水格局的自然调和、都城规制的礼制大成、理想城市的市井生活,揭示了北京老城历史传承的重大价值。在此基础上,通过传统城市设计与数字化城市设计技术方法的综合运用,设计进一步诠释了北京老城形态构成的内在规律特征,形成了“营城八法”的北京老城空间解析及价值体系,并最终指导了北京老城空间形态及环境的设计营造。

数控机床伺服系统参数设计数字孪生实验平台

为解决数控机床伺服系统参数设计相关实验,在真实机床上难开展、高耗材、安全风险大等问题,提出了一种“基于MCD+PLCSIMAdvanced+TIA架构的伺服系统参数设计数字孪生实验平台”设计方案。该方案将机床模型实体与数字孪生实验平台有机地结合起来,以“单轴伺服系统参数优化设计实验”为例,对数字孪生实验平台伺服系统的相关参数进行了调试与优化,并在机床模型实体上对其所得参数的准确性进行了验证,同时也证实了该数字孪生实验平台设计方案的可靠性。

机械设计与低温锂电池全流程数字化智能制造的联系及应用

随着现代制造技术、信息技术和数字化技术的飞速发展,低温锂电池生产迎来了技术升级。对此本文综述了机械设计与低温锂电池数字化智能制造的联系以及技术优化进展。首先分析了低温锂电池产业数字化、智能化的发展流程,包括低温锂电池数字化制造和二阶段的智能化制造;然后重点探讨了机械设计为低温锂电池数字化智能制造产业带来的优化变革。从产业发展角度来看,与机械设计技术深度融合,可以从多个方面优化现有的低温锂电池数字化智能制造技术,对后者的产业结构调整和技术升级具有重要的指导作用。

OBE 理念下“数字集成电路设计”课程教学改革

“数字集成电路设计”是微电子科学与工程专业重要的专业核心课。在课程中引入OBE教学理念,以学生毕业从事集成电路设计工作应达成的能力目标为导向,逆向设计课程教学方案。从课程理论讲授到工程项目案例教学,对学习目标达成情况进行跟踪并针对教学活动和目标持续改进,形成面向能力目标的教学效果评价体系。帮助学生独立解决科学与工程问题,锻炼了学生的工程实践能力和创新能力。

面向新文科建设的法学教育数字化发展需求与路径

新文科建设对法学教育发展提出了数字化转型的新要求,从技术应用向教育思想和教学理念的转变,将重塑“教”与“学”之间“双向成长”的新型师生关系。卓越法治人才的培养目标应在知识、能力、素养三个层面全面升级。培养方案的调整优化体现在课程设置、专业课与课程群建设等多个层面。法学教育的数字化实现离不开学习环境建设,包括但不限于基础建设、课程数字资源、在线课程平台、智慧教学空间、智慧教学工具和虚拟仿真实验等。面向新教学模式的教学设计,关键是要衔接好线上线下教学环节、增加线上教学的有效度以及重构交互体验最大化的线下教学。教学评价的数字化将极大助益法学专业课程教学中形成性评价的可操作性与科学性。

元宇宙馆藏展览与数字化服装设计——产教融合典型案例

在元宇宙浪潮的推动下,馆藏展览与数字化服装设计的结合成为产教融合的新趋势。文章通过探讨一个典型案例,分析了元宇宙背景下馆藏展与数字化服装设计相结合的产教融合模式。案例中,高校与博物馆、服装企业三方合作,利用3D扫描和虚拟现实技术,将珍贵的馆藏服饰进行数字化再现,并在元宇宙平台上进行展览。同时,高校服装设计专业的学生在导师和企业的指导下,基于这些数字化服饰进行创意设计,实现了传统与现代的完美结合。这种产教融合模式不仅丰富了教学内容,提升了学生的实践能力,还为企业提供了优秀的设计人才和作品,有效推动了服装产业的创新发展。

丝网与数码融合的服装印花技术探索研究

分析服装丝网印花与数码印花的技术特点、市场应用优缺点,探讨服装丝网印花与数码印花技术的融合方式、未来发展趋势以及服装设计与印花技术融合的创新思路。

视觉设计与数字动态融合在技能大赛与1+X证书考核中的策略探讨

本文探讨了视觉设计与数字动态在技能大赛和1+X等级证书考核中的应用与融合。探讨了技能大赛中视觉设计与数字动态的融合实践,包括深入理解大赛主题、选题与创意构思、技术实现与表现、故事讲述与情感传递,以及团队协作与项目管理等方面。最后,研究了1+X等级证书考核中视觉设计与数字动态的融合策略,涉及系统复习、模拟测试、实践项目准备、时间管理与策略调整,以及心态调整与信心建立等关键环节。

面向智能制造的实木家具产品数字化设计技术

在智能制造技术的推动下,传统家具制造业迈上了数字化转型的道路。相较于已发展完善工业4.0设计生产一体化的板式家具,实木家具因其缺乏标准化、信息化程度低等因素,数字化转型亟待寻求发展路径。设计是设计生产一体化定制流程的第一环节,是流程的数据源头,因而设计阶段的技术突破是传统实木家具企业实现数字化转型的首要步骤,数字化设计技术是实木家具企业数字化转型的关键技术。在总结我国实木家具设计生产一体化现状的基础上,分析实木家具发展数字化转型亟待解决的难点问题,即改善实木家具设计模式、规范产品体系、提高零部件标准化、建立完善产品数据库和生产工艺数据库。以实木家具产品设计为切入点,分析数字化软件在一体化发展中的应用,基于传统家具企业数字化转型升级路径,构建了实木家具数字化设计实施技术路径,具体包括:数字化模型构建(产品成组和零部件标准化、信息数据模型构建)、产品数据库构建、系统数据对接、基于数字化设计平台的大规模定制等,旨在为我国实木家具的数字化转型升级提供一定的参考。

褶皱服装数字化创新研究进展

为了促使褶皱服装朝数字化、自动化和智能化方向发展,提升服装行业核心竞争力,文章综述了现阶段智能制造背景下褶皱服装的数字化创新研究进展,分析了传统褶皱服装中数字化创新设计的必然过程,从褶皱服装的造型、面料、工艺、色彩4个角度出发,结合客观评价整理了褶皱服装数字化的研究现状,并归纳了褶皱服装相关数字化创新的研究方法,最后阐述了褶皱服装数字化发展的趋势及展望。未来褶皱服装应侧重以人为本的发展理念,促进艺术与科技相互融合,优化设计思维,注重科技时尚、数字创新、人工智能等,以期实现可持续时尚下褶皱服装的数字化创新设计。