Smartphone-Based Wi-Fi Analysis for Bus Passenger Counting

In the contemporary era of technological advancement,smartphones have become an indispensable part of individuals’daily lives,exerting a pervasive influence.This paper presents an innovative approach to passenger countingonbuses throughthe analysis ofWi-Fi signals emanating frompassengers’mobile devices.The study seeks to scrutinize the reliability of digital Wi-Fi environments in predicting bus occupancy levels,thereby addressing a crucial aspect of public transportation.The proposed system comprises three crucial elements:Signal capture,data filtration,and the calculation and estimation of passenger numbers.The pivotal findings reveal that the system demonstrates commendable accuracy in estimating passenger counts undermoderate-crowding conditions,with an average deviation of 20%from the ground truth and an accuracy rate ranging from 90%to 100%.This underscores its efficacy in scenarios characterized by moderate levels of crowding.However,in densely crowded conditions,the system exhibits a tendency to overestimate passenger numbers,occasionally doubling the actual count.While acknowledging the need for further research to enhance accuracy in crowded conditions,this study presents a pioneering avenue to address a significant concern in public transportation.The implications of the findings are poised to contribute substantially to the enhancement of bus operations and service quality.

Towards a Philosophical Understanding of Digital Environments

Immersion within digital environments is a common experience for the inhabitants of contemporary technologically advanced societies:Familiarity with these environments and the technologies that make them possible has become so immediate that their unquestioned use is making such technologies ever more“transparent”.The aim of this contribution is to question the obviousness of our relationship with digital technologies and environments,so as to address two specific(and correlated)questions:First,where—i.e.,in what dimension—must we locate those spaces that we define as“digital”?And,secondly,where do we locate ourselves—as subjects-users(and producers)of such environments—when we“move”within them?These questions evoke the urgency of an inquiry into the new forms and modes of subjectivation in the digital context.I will address the topic by:(1)reconstructing the relation between the(first literary)concept of cyberspace and the notion of digital environment;and(2)proposing a certain philosophical understanding of digital environments,based on:(i)a phenomenological frame and(ii)a certain notion of interface as“thirdspace”.

Assessment of health risk of the baikal region population associated with the wildfire air pollution:Approaches,modelling,digital environment

The latest forecasts indicate wildfire activity in many parts of the world.Wildfire smoke contains hazardous air pollutants such as carbon monoxide,nitrogen dioxide,ozone,particulate matter et cetera.However,prediction of this impact and on time medical care are difficult due to the lack of digital decision-making systems.The aim of this study is to assess population health risks associated with the sub-daily exposure to wildfire smoke produced by massive foci of combustion near the populated areas and at a significant distance from them.We consider reflex reactions as a response to a short-term exposure.The maximum value of the 95th percentile from the series of observations at the monitoring point was used to assess the hazard.For the mathematical description of the“concentration-effect”relationship,the model of individual thresholds is applicable.This model describes a dependence as a straight line under the condition that the concentration is expressed in the form of a normalprobabilistic scale.The frequency of additional cases is determined by studying the number of requests for medical assistance(including calls for ambulance)with complaints of respiratory disorders,lacrimation,etc.on the territories affected by wildfires smokes.The indicator is calculated per 1000 population.The probability of negative biological effects in response to the impact of wildfire smoke is associated mainly with the content of CO and TPM in the conditions of the Baikal region.The frequency of additional requests for medical care ranged from 0.137 to 0.933 per 1000 exposed population during the fire period in settlements where risk levels are>0.01.We developed a digital environment that allows us to get information about harmful substances in the outdoor air from different sources and in different formats and data schemes.The digital environment supports implementation of models for assessing hazards to human body organs.

The space and time distribution characteristics of the shear stress field for the sequence of the Wuding earthquake

Follow Chen and Duda's model of spectral fall-off of ω~3, the dependence of peak parameters of ground motion, peak displacement d_m, peak velocity vin and peak acceleration a_m, upon the environment stress τ_o-values are studied using near source seismic digital recordings for the sequence of the Wuding, Yunnan, M = 6.5 earthquake, in which, as a new thought, the peak parameters are assumed to be related to the medium Q-value. Three formulae for estimating the environment stress τ_o-values by the peak parameters of three types of ground motions are derived. Using these formulae, the environment stress τ_o-values are calculated for the sequence of the Wuding earthquake. The result show that τ_o-values calculated by the three formulae are constant largely, the averages of τ_o are in the range of 5.0-35 MPa for most earthquakes. It belongs to the high-stress earthquakes sequence: the high-stress values are restricted to the relatively small area closely near to the epicenter of the main shock. The fine distribu tion structure for the contours of the environment stress τ_o-values is related closely to the strong aftershocks. The analysis of spatial and temporal feature of To-values suggests that the earthquakes sequence in a rupture process generated at the specific intersection zone of seismo-tectonics under high-stress background.

The Legacy of Alois Riegl: Material Authenticity of the Monument in the Digital Age

The Austrian art historian Alois Riegl(1858-1905)revolutionised the European concept of the monu­ment and paved the way towards the codification of the historicity of artefacts at the international level.Today,conservation work and relevant terminology still build upon the principles first outlined in his work Der moderne Denkmalkultus(1903)more than a hundred years ago.And yet,modern information/communication technologies have long challenged the idea of‘age value’(Alterswert),of a monument possessing value simply because it shows‘signs of age’(Altersspuren),through their ability to digitally recreate historical architecture in its original form and thereby to transcend the boundaries of time and space.This paper discusses the challenges and opportunities for monument preservation in the 21st century in the light of Riegl’s thoughts on how to perceive(‘visualise’)the past.It investigates the validity of Riegl’s theories in the context of today’s virtual reality/ies at a theoretical level,and their potential for advancement in preservation theory,expanding on historical thoughts rooted in 18th and 19th century preservation theories.By analysing Riegl’s commemorative values,stratigraphic picturing of history’s mate­rial debris,and fear of formlessness,this paper explores digitisation as the driving force for change in attitude from traditional,restrictive thinking to a modern way of thinking which is receptive to new technological developments,including,for example,exploring augmented and virtual realities as a means of achieving the sensory aesthetic ex­perience required by age value.