The importance of pyrimidines lies in the fact that they are structural components of a broad spectrum of key molecules that participate in diverse cellular functions, such as synthesis of DNA, RNA, lipids, and carboh...The importance of pyrimidines lies in the fact that they are structural components of a broad spectrum of key molecules that participate in diverse cellular functions, such as synthesis of DNA, RNA, lipids, and carbohydrates. Pyrimidine metabolism encompasses all enzymes involved in the synthesis, degradation, salvage, interconversion and transport of these molecules. In this review, we summarize recent publications that document how pyrimidine metabolism changes under a variety of conditions, including, when possible, those studies based on techniques of genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics. First, we briefly look at the dynamics of pyrimidine metabolism during nonpathogenic cellular events. We then focus on changes that pathogen infections cause in the pyrimidine metabolism of their host. Next, we discuss the effects of antimetabolites and inhibitors, and finally we consider the consequences of genetic ma- nipulations, such as knock-downs, knock-outs, and knock-ins, of pyrimidine enzymes on pyrimidine metabolism in the cell.展开更多
In the present paper, we identified and cloned OsDHODH1 encoding a putative cytosolic dihydroorotate dehydrogenase （DHODH） in rice. Expression analysis indicated that OsDHODH1 is upregulated by salt, drought and exo...In the present paper, we identified and cloned OsDHODH1 encoding a putative cytosolic dihydroorotate dehydrogenase （DHODH） in rice. Expression analysis indicated that OsDHODH1 is upregulated by salt, drought and exogenous abscisic acid （ABA）, but not by cold. By prokaryotic expression, we determined the enzymatic activity of OsDHODH1 and found that overproduction of OsDHODH1 significantly improved the tolerance of Escherichia coil cells to salt and osmotic stresses. Overexpression of the OsDHODH1 gene in rice increased the DHODH activity and enhanced plant tolerance to salt and drought stresses as compared with wild type and OsDHODHl-antisense transgenic plants. Our findings reveal, for the first time, that cytosolic dihydroorotate dehydrogenase is involved in plant stress response and that OsDHODH1 could be used in engineering crop plants with enhanced tolerance to salt and drought.展开更多
基金supported in part by the Universidad de los Andes Faculty of Sciencesby basic sciences project P13.700022.007 from the University of los Andes Office of Research+1 种基金by COLCIENCIAS grant # 120-4521-28532Colciencias (Programa de Apoyo a Doctorados Nacionales) for the financial support of the Ph.D. studies of M.F.G. and H.Y.N.-O
文摘The importance of pyrimidines lies in the fact that they are structural components of a broad spectrum of key molecules that participate in diverse cellular functions, such as synthesis of DNA, RNA, lipids, and carbohydrates. Pyrimidine metabolism encompasses all enzymes involved in the synthesis, degradation, salvage, interconversion and transport of these molecules. In this review, we summarize recent publications that document how pyrimidine metabolism changes under a variety of conditions, including, when possible, those studies based on techniques of genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics. First, we briefly look at the dynamics of pyrimidine metabolism during nonpathogenic cellular events. We then focus on changes that pathogen infections cause in the pyrimidine metabolism of their host. Next, we discuss the effects of antimetabolites and inhibitors, and finally we consider the consequences of genetic ma- nipulations, such as knock-downs, knock-outs, and knock-ins, of pyrimidine enzymes on pyrimidine metabolism in the cell.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (30600350)the Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University, the 111 Project(B08025)the Changjiang Scholars and Innovative Research Team in University (PCSIRT)
文摘In the present paper, we identified and cloned OsDHODH1 encoding a putative cytosolic dihydroorotate dehydrogenase （DHODH） in rice. Expression analysis indicated that OsDHODH1 is upregulated by salt, drought and exogenous abscisic acid （ABA）, but not by cold. By prokaryotic expression, we determined the enzymatic activity of OsDHODH1 and found that overproduction of OsDHODH1 significantly improved the tolerance of Escherichia coil cells to salt and osmotic stresses. Overexpression of the OsDHODH1 gene in rice increased the DHODH activity and enhanced plant tolerance to salt and drought stresses as compared with wild type and OsDHODHl-antisense transgenic plants. Our findings reveal, for the first time, that cytosolic dihydroorotate dehydrogenase is involved in plant stress response and that OsDHODH1 could be used in engineering crop plants with enhanced tolerance to salt and drought.
