Dynamic Performance of On-off Operation for a Small Scale Direct Fired Absorption Chiller

A part load operation by turning the burner on and off intermittently is effective for a small scale direct fired absorption chiller. The dynamic performance of the system has been investigated. The relationship between pressure, temperature and concentration of the lithium bromide solution have been analyzed. The result obtained indicates that the pressure of the high pressure generator and the temperature of the exhausted smoke are the most sensitive parameters. It is also found that the transition time from a full load to a part load condition is quite long, and part load relative cooling capacity is almost near the intermittent running time ratio and oil consumption ratio.

基于Wi-Fi Direct的道路交通状态信息采集方法

针对传统交通状态信息采集中采用的环形线圈车辆检测器存在布设和维护难度较大等问题,提出了一种基于Wi-Fi Direct的道路交通状态信息采集方法,以实现对基本的道路交通流状态参数进行采集估计;该方法利用车-路通讯设备实现车辆与路侧设备的通信;以车载通讯设备的Wi-Fi芯片介质访问控制层地址完成车辆个体识别;通过车载通讯设备中的北斗定位装置向路侧设备提供车辆实时位置及时间信息,进而实现道路区段内交通流基本状态信息估计;实验测试表明,该方法能够完成路段平均速度、交通流量及车流密度的采集和估计,是一种有效的道路交通信息采集方法。

Enhancement of the thermostability of β-1,3-1,4-glucanase by directed evolution

In order to improve the thermostability of β- 1,3-1,4-glucanase, evolutionary molecular engineering was used to evolve the β-1,3-1,4-glucanase from Bacillus subtilis ZJF-1A5. The process involves random mutation by error-prone PCR and DNA shuffling followed by screening on the filter-based assay. Two mutants, EGsl and EGs2, were found to have four and five amino acid substitutions, respectively. These substitutions resulted in an increase in melting temperature from Tm=62.5℃ for the wild-type enzyme to Tm=65.5℃ for the mutant EGsl and 67.5℃ for the mutant EGs2. However, the two mutated enzymes had opposite approaches to produce reducing sugar from lichenin with either much higher （28%） for the former or much lower （21.6%） for the latter in comparison with their parental enzymes. The results demonstrate that directed evolution is an effective approach to improve the thermostability of a mesophilic enzyme.

Effects on coagulation factor production following primary hepatomitogen-induced direct hyperplasia

AIM： To investigate the molecular mechanisms involved in coagulation factor expression and/or function during direct hyperplasia （DH）-mediated liver regeneration. METHODS： Direct hyperplasia-mediated liver regeneration was induced in female C57BL/6 mice by administering 1,4-bisr2-（3,5-dichloropyridyloxy）] benzene （TCPOBOP）, a representative hepatomitogen. Mice were weighed and sacrificed at various time points [Day 0 （D0： prior to injection）, 3 h, D1, D2, D3, and D10] after TCPOBOP administration to obtain liver and blood samples. Using the RNA samples extracted from the liver, a comprehensive analysis was performed on the hepatic gene expression profiling of coagulation-related factors by real-time RT-PCR （fibrinogen, prothrombin, factors Ⅴ, Ⅶ, Ⅷ, Ⅸ, Ⅹ, Ⅺ, Ⅻ, ⅩⅢβ , plasminogen, antithrombin, protein C, protein S, ADAMTS13, and VWF）. The corresponding plasma levels of coagulation factors （fibrinogen, prothrombin, factors Ⅴ, Ⅶ, Ⅷ, Ⅸ, Ⅹ, Ⅺ, Ⅻ, ⅩⅢ, and VWF） were also analyzed and compared with their mRNA levels. RESULTS： Gavage administration of TCPOBOP （3 mg/kg body weight） resulted in a marked and gradual increase in the weight of the mouse livers relative to the total body weight to 220% by D10 relative to the DO （control） ratios. At the peak of liver regeneration （D1 and D2）, the gene expression levels for most of the coagulationrelated factors （fibrinogen, prothrombin, factors Ⅴ, Ⅶ, Ⅷ, Ⅸ,Ⅺ, Ⅻ, ⅩⅢβ, plasminogen, antithrombin, protein C, ADAMTS13, VWF） were found to be downregulated in a time-dependent manner, and gradually recovered by D10 to the basal levels. Only mRNA levels of factor X and protein S failed to show any decrease during the regenerative phase. As for the plasma levels, 5 clotting factors （prothrombin, factors Ⅷ, Ⅸ, Ⅺ, and Ⅻ） demonstrated a significant decrease （P 〈 0.05） during the regeneration phase compared with DO. Among these 5 factors, factor Ⅸ and factor Ⅺ showed the most dramatic decline in their activities by about 50% at D2 compared to the basal levels, and these reductions in plasma activity for both factors were consistent with our RT-PCR findings. In contrast, the plasma activities of the other coagulation factors （fibrinogen, factors Ⅴ, Ⅶ, ⅩⅢ, and VWF） were not significantly reduced, despite the reduction in the liver mRNA levels. Unlike the other factors, FX showed a temporal increase in its plasma activity, with significant increases （P 〈 0.05） detected at DI. CONCLUSION： Investigating the coagulation cascade protein profiles during liver regeneration by DH may help to better understand the basic biology of the liver under normal and pathological conditions.

La_(0.75)Sr_(0.25)Cr_(0.5)Mn_(0.5)O_(3)-δ−Ce_(0.8)Gd_(0.2)O_(1.9) composite electrodes as anodes in LaGaO_(3)-based direct carbon solid oxide fuel cells

Direct carbon solid oxide fuel cells(DC-SOFCs)are promising,green,and efficient power-generating devices that are fueled by solid carbons and comprise all-solid-state structures.Developing suitable anode materials for DC-SOFCs is a substantial scientific challenge.Herein we investigated the use of La_(0.75)Sr_(0.25)Cr_(0.5)Mn_(0.5)O_(3)-δ−Ce_(0.8)Gd_(0.2)O_(1.9)(LSCM−GDC)composite electrodes as anodes for La_(0.9)Sr_(0.1)Ga_(0.8)Mg_(0.2)O_(3)-δelectrolyte-based DC-SOFCs,with Camellia oleifera shell char as the carbon fuel.The LSCM−GDC-anode DC-SOFC delivered a maximum power density of 221 mW/cm^(2) at 800℃ and it significantly improved to 425 mW/cm^(2) after Ni nanoparticles were introduced into the LSCM−GDC anode through wet impregnation.The microstructures of the prepared anodes were characterized,and the stability of the anode in a DC-SOFC and the influence of catalytic activity on open circuit voltage were studied.The above results indicate that LSCM–GDC anode is promising to be applied in DC-SOFCs.

Differential interformational velocity analysis as an effective direct hydrocarbon indicator under velocity reversal conditions,an example from the anomalously high temperature and over-pressured DF1-1 Gas Field in the Yinggehai Basin,South China Sea

In the DF1-1 Gas Field in the Yinggehai Basin, South China Sea, the velocity-depth plot and velocity spectra show significant variations from a linear trend, exhibiting a distinct reversal phenomenon. Velocity parameters derived from velocity spectral analysis of the seismic data and sonic logs indicate that the interval velocity reverses below 2,100 m (2.2 s two-way time (TWT)) in the DF1-1 Gas Field. Some direct hydrocarbon indicators (DHIs) models developed for the shallow strata cannot be simply applied to the moderately to deeply buried strata for direct exploration target recognition because the velocity reversal has caused the middle-deep gas reservoirs to exhibit a moderate or weak seismic amplitude. The hydrocarbon indicator method of “Differential Interformational Velocity Analysis (DIVA)” with the aid of other hydrocarbon indicating techniques was employed to effectively identify DHIs in the middle-deep strata under velocity inversion. The result has shown that the DIVA technique can be effectively used as a DHI in both the shallow and the middle-deep strata in the study area with the shallow strata characterized by Type I DIVA anomaly and the middle-deep strata characterized by the Type II DIVA anomaly.

DICP Symposium (I) on Catalysis: Future Directions of Catalysis Science and Technology October 16-18, 2003, Dalian, China

Introduction and Invitation DICP Symposium is a special series of interna-tional conference named after the Dalian Instituteof Chemical Physics (DICP). The DICP Symposiumwas founded with the purpose to promote the interna-tional communication and collaboration between theDICP and the international scientific community, to

DFT Study on the (S)-Proline-catalyzed Direct Aldol Reaction between Acetone and 4-Nitrobenzaldehyde

DFT/6-31G^＊ calculations were applied to study the direct aldol reaction between acetone and 4-nitrobenzaldehyde catalyzed by （S）-proline. Four transition states associated with the stereo-controlling step, corresponding to syn and anti arrangements of methylene moiety related to the carboxylic acid group in enamine intermediate and re and si attacks to the aldehyde carbonyl carbon have been obtained. The solvent effect of DMSO was investigated with polarized continuum model. The computed energies of transition states reveal the stereo-selectivity of the reaction.

The Forming Conditions of and Ore-searching Direction for B, Mg,Pb, Zn and Au Deposits in the Liaoji Proterozoic Rift

The Liaoji Proterozoic rift is an inter-intracontinenatl rift developed from Archean granite-greenstone tectonic regime and contains many important mineral deposits of U, B, magnesite, Pb-Zn, Au, Ag, Co and P. These deposits were formed as the result of late mobilization, transportation and concentfation of the previously enriched ore-forming mate- rials in several ore-bearing formations formed during the rift stage. So the metallogeny of these deposits in the rift shows both inheritance and new generation of the ore-forming materials. In future ore-searching practice, attentions should be paid on the studies of the ore-bearing formations in the rift, on the multiple stages of metallogeny and and on multiple derivations of the ore-forming materials.

APPLICATION OF DIRECT BTT GUIDANCE LAW BASED ON NONLINEAR INVERSE SYSTEM THEORY TO INTEGRATED FIRE／FLIGHT SYSTEMS（IFFS）

To counter BTT guidance mode, new relative motion equations of the targetaircraft and the attack aircraft are proposed. The inverse system theory of the nonlinearcontrol is used, and the direct BTT-180 guidance command is solved, which can operatethe attack aircraft to automatically complete the flight mission of the preceding stage ofthe terminal weapon delivery, and thus the automatic attack is extended from the stage ofthe terminal weapon delivery to the preceding stage of the terminal weapon delivery.

全链条大型燃煤机组直接耦合生物质发电降碳技术

“双碳”背景下,开展生物质掺烧利用是大型燃煤机组实现降低CO_(2)排放最经济、可靠的技术手段之一。该文总结国内近15年大型燃煤机组耦合生物质发电技术路线,并对其痛点进行剖析。首次提出和设计全链条的生物质直接耦合发电模式,并在内蒙某电厂进行实施。充分利用电厂周边边际土地科学种植沙柳能源作物,改进并开发了机械化收割及生物质破碎压型工艺和装备,把控“种植-收割-转运-储存-预处理-燃烧”全链条每一个环节,保证生物质原料稳定及低成本供应。通过电厂试验数据验证,对生物质小比例掺烧(重量比例小于20%),推荐采用电厂零投资的“基于电厂现有制粉及燃烧设备的生物质耦合发电”技术路线;对于更大比例掺烧(重量比例大于20%),建议采用“新增生物质独立制粉及燃烧设备的生物质耦合发电”技术路线。

Enantio-selective preparation of (S)-1-phenylethanol by a novel marine GDSL lipase MT6 with reverse stereo-selectivity

We previously functionally characterized a novel marine microbial GDSL lipase MT6 and identified that the stereo-selectivity of MT6 was opposite to that of other common lipases in trans-esterification reactions.Herein,we have investigated the use of MT6 in stereo-selective biocatalysis through direct hydrolysis reactions.Notably,the stereo-selectivity of MT6 was also demonstrated to be opposite to that of other common lipases in hydrolysis reactions.Parameters,including temperature,organic co-solvents,pH,ionic strength,catalyst loading,substrate concentration,and reaction time,affecting the enzymatic resolution of racemic 1-phenylethyl acetate were further investigated,with the e.e.of the final（S）-l-Phenylethanol product and the conversion being 97%and 28.5%,respectively,after process optimization.The lengths of side chains of 1-phenylethyl esters greatly affected the stereo-selectivity and conversion during kinetic resolutions.MT6 is a novel marine microbial GDSL lipase exhibiting opposite stereo-selectivities than other common lipases in both trans-esterification reactions and hydrolysis reactions.

基于“2-4”模型的建筑电气火灾事故直接原因研究

为明确建筑电气火灾事故发生的直接原因,采用事故致因"2-4"模型分析40起典型建筑电气火灾事故,并分类和统计出直接原因中不安全动作和不安全物态。从火源产生、火势发展、安全管理及人员配备、自救、救援、灭火等6个方面分析不安全动作,获得不安全动作的出现频数、人员违章状况、动作执行者及不安全物态的出现频数、各类不安全物态占不安全物态总数比例等统计数据。研究结果表明:不安全动作35类共412个,其中采取灭火措施不当、违规存储使用易燃易爆、可燃物品和未组织消防安全宣传教育培训这些不安全动作的发生频率位于前3位;不安全物态3类共127项,其中出现频率较高的是聚苯乙烯泡沫塑料等易燃可燃货物和电气线路短路。

300 MW循环流化床锅炉燃煤耦合生物质燃烧及污染物排放特性试验研究

在碳达峰、碳中和背景下,发展燃煤与生物质耦合发电是加快电力转型升级、实现煤电低碳发展的重要途径之一。在某台300 MW循环流化床(CFB)锅炉上设计建设了一套燃煤直燃耦合生物质的燃烧发电系统,并利用该系统进行了燃煤直燃耦合生物质的燃烧特性试验研究。结果表明:该生物质直燃耦合系统运行稳定可靠;CFB锅炉在掺烧木屑颗粒燃料时,随着掺烧比的增加,混合燃料的飞灰含碳量下降、CO排放量降低,混合燃料的燃尽性得以改善;掺烧后经过锅炉燃烧配风优化,锅炉NOx排放量比纯烧原煤排放量略有降低。试验典型工况污染物测试表明:掺入木屑颗粒燃料后,锅炉烟气二噁英排放量为0.0088 ng TEQ/m^(3)(标准工况,φ(O_(2))=11%,下同),飞灰中二噁英排放量为0.0206 ng TEQ/m^(3);飞灰中重金属及P、As、Se等有害微量元素排放值总量为32.121mg/L;底渣中重金属及P、As、Se等有害微量元素排放值总量为3.918 mg/L,烟气和飞灰中的二噁英和重金属等有害物质排放均满足国家环保标准排放限值。

改进蚁群算法的火灾环境疏散路径规划研究

针对建筑物火灾人员疏散问题,以保证火灾人员安全撤离为目标,提出火灾环境下改进蚁群算法的路径规划模型。构建方向性信息函数,当搜索方向靠近目标节点,方向性信息函数的值增大使信息素差异化;根据火灾影响程度建立火灾等级函数,使转移概率随着火灾等级的增大而减小,减少蚁群寻路的盲目性;通过分析火灾影响因素建立等效长度并构建启发函数,避免陷入局部最优;结合火灾等级函数自适应调整信息素挥发系数,加快了火灾路径信息素挥发速度,提升算法全局搜索能力;同时在信息素更新策略中引入奖惩系数和模糊控制,提升疏散系统的鲁棒性以及路径平滑度,并对全局信息素进行限制,以平衡算法的局部开发与全局搜索能力。经仿真实验验证,改进的蚁群算法在有无火灾的情况下都能高效地规划出疏散路线。

“十四五”以来新疆煤炭地质工作进展及发展方向

“十四五”以来,新疆煤炭地质工作紧紧围绕煤炭和煤层气勘查开发、煤田灭火、煤矿山生态修复治理开展,取得一系列重要成果和进展,在保障国家能源资源安全、支撑生态文明建设和服务自治区经济社会高质量方面发挥了积极作用。开展煤炭勘查项目约50个,完成钻探进尺60余万米,提交查明煤炭资源量174×10^(8)t,新发现煤炭资源量5.4×10^(8)t,新发现煤炭潜力区2处,为自治区充分释放煤炭优质先进产能和大中型矿井建设提供资源保障;开展煤层气资源调查、勘查和开发项目14个,完成钻探进尺约4.5×10^(4)m,估算煤层气资源量234×10^(8)m^(3)。在阜康大黄山实现了平均单井产量突破,在尼勒克、库拜煤田初步实现了深部煤层气调查和勘查技术突破。立足多年煤炭勘查技术和成果积累优势,围绕煤炭地质服务市场充分发挥作用,大力开展煤田灭火工作,积极拓展采煤塌陷区治理工作,主动服务矿井安全生产。完成火区治理13处,治理火区面积552×10^(4)m^(2);开展煤矿隐蔽致灾因素普查、水文地质类型划分等地质技术服务50余个,为煤矿山安全生产提供了技术保障;塔城地区额敏县采煤沉陷区综合治理恢复耕地10000亩;不断加强科研工作,突破了深部煤层气钻井和大规模压裂技术,形成了一套较完整的火区勘查、治理、监测施工工艺技术体系,初步建立了新疆煤田地质综合信息数字平台。今后,新疆煤田地质将坚持地质找矿核心职能,加强地质科技创新,围绕煤炭、煤层气、战略性关键金属、非金属矿产大力开展找矿突破战略行动,不断提升地灾防治和生态修复治理能力,积极服务生态文明建设。

改进型火电机组烟气直测法碳计量不确定度评定方法

电力行业碳排放占全国总碳排放的40%以上,加快健全火电厂碳排放的精确计量和不确定度评定方法对电力行业碳排放精细化监管有重要作用。考虑到安装在电厂现场的浓度、流量等计量仪表长期运行后,其测量性能和精度发生变化,采用仪表出厂时的精度计算不确定度无法真实反映测量结果的可信度。提出了一种适用于生产实际,基于计量仪表定期检定结果的不确定度评定方法,并对湖北省某电厂660 MW机组的碳排放在线监测结果进行不确定度评定,分析不确定度贡献,并提出优化建议。结果表明:该机组直测法碳计量结果的扩展相对不确定度为8.282%(包含因子k=2,置信水平95%)。除压强外,其余项均为B类不确定度占主导。是否考虑灵敏系数及B类不确定度评定方法的选择都会对结果产生显著影响。影响碳排放不确定度的主要来源为CO_(2)浓度和烟气流量测量,采用更高精度的气体成分和流量测量仪器对测量仪表进行定期维护、校准以及优化烟道内测点布置等均有助于减小不确定度。

改进LS-SVM的直吹式制粉出力软测量建模

针对火电厂双进双出钢球磨煤机直吹式制粉系统这一大滞后、强非线性系统,其制粉出力较难直接测量的问题,在Suykens的最小二乘支持向量机稀疏化算法的基础上,提出一种更好的改进方式,即在删除一些过大或过小的训练样本的同时,也将变化率过大的数据删除,避免了坏样本对模型的影响,简化了LS-SVM模型。改进后的最小二乘支持向量机算法被用于建立双进双出钢球磨煤机直吹式制粉出力的软测量模型。分别对改进前后的模型进行仿真验证,改进后的均方误差为0.022 7,比改进前减小了0.011 9,其收敛速度也更快,更加适用于在线学习。

基于改进LS-SVM的制粉出力软测量建模

针对火电厂双进双出钢球磨煤机制粉出力较难直接测量的问题,拟建立其最小二乘支持向量机(LS-SVM)模型实现软测量。由于LS-SVM算法缺乏"稀疏性",采用经Remez算法优化后的FIR数字滤波器与LS-SVM相结合,形成一种新的软测量建模方法—FIR-LSS-VM。仿真结果表明,经Remez优化后的FIR滤波效果更好。将该软测量方法应用于火电厂双进双出钢球磨煤机直吹式制粉系统,通过现场实验对比可知,改进的软测量模型学习速度较快且误差较小,更加适用于在线学习。

基于自适应协调触发量的UHVDC分层接入系统同时换相失败抑制策略

特高压直流分层接入方式下,非故障层换相失败预测控制存在启动滞后、输出的提前触发量偏小等问题,系统面临同时换相失败风险。为解决该问题,提出一种基于自适应协调触发量的特高压直流分层接入方式下换相失败抑制策略,将故障层换相失败预测控制输出的触发角调节量引入到非故障层,从而使非故障层换相失败预测控制提前触发。同时,引入联络线两端电压变化量来动态跟踪故障演变过程,以获得自适应协调触发量。在PSCAD/EMTDC中搭建电磁暂态仿真模型进行仿真验证,结果表明,所提抑制策略能够有效降低分层接入方式下高低端换流阀同时换相失败风险。