基于Wi-Fi Direct的道路交通状态信息采集方法

针对传统交通状态信息采集中采用的环形线圈车辆检测器存在布设和维护难度较大等问题,提出了一种基于Wi-Fi Direct的道路交通状态信息采集方法,以实现对基本的道路交通流状态参数进行采集估计;该方法利用车-路通讯设备实现车辆与路侧设备的通信;以车载通讯设备的Wi-Fi芯片介质访问控制层地址完成车辆个体识别;通过车载通讯设备中的北斗定位装置向路侧设备提供车辆实时位置及时间信息,进而实现道路区段内交通流基本状态信息估计;实验测试表明,该方法能够完成路段平均速度、交通流量及车流密度的采集和估计,是一种有效的道路交通信息采集方法。

Differential interformational velocity analysis as an effective direct hydrocarbon indicator under velocity reversal conditions,an example from the anomalously high temperature and over-pressured DF1-1 Gas Field in the Yinggehai Basin,South China Sea

In the DF1-1 Gas Field in the Yinggehai Basin, South China Sea, the velocity-depth plot and velocity spectra show significant variations from a linear trend, exhibiting a distinct reversal phenomenon. Velocity parameters derived from velocity spectral analysis of the seismic data and sonic logs indicate that the interval velocity reverses below 2,100 m (2.2 s two-way time (TWT)) in the DF1-1 Gas Field. Some direct hydrocarbon indicators (DHIs) models developed for the shallow strata cannot be simply applied to the moderately to deeply buried strata for direct exploration target recognition because the velocity reversal has caused the middle-deep gas reservoirs to exhibit a moderate or weak seismic amplitude. The hydrocarbon indicator method of “Differential Interformational Velocity Analysis (DIVA)” with the aid of other hydrocarbon indicating techniques was employed to effectively identify DHIs in the middle-deep strata under velocity inversion. The result has shown that the DIVA technique can be effectively used as a DHI in both the shallow and the middle-deep strata in the study area with the shallow strata characterized by Type I DIVA anomaly and the middle-deep strata characterized by the Type II DIVA anomaly.

DICP Symposium (I) on Catalysis: Future Directions of Catalysis Science and Technology October 16-18, 2003, Dalian, China

Introduction and Invitation DICP Symposium is a special series of interna-tional conference named after the Dalian Instituteof Chemical Physics (DICP). The DICP Symposiumwas founded with the purpose to promote the interna-tional communication and collaboration between theDICP and the international scientific community, to

DFT Study on the (S)-Proline-catalyzed Direct Aldol Reaction between Acetone and 4-Nitrobenzaldehyde

DFT/6-31G^＊ calculations were applied to study the direct aldol reaction between acetone and 4-nitrobenzaldehyde catalyzed by （S）-proline. Four transition states associated with the stereo-controlling step, corresponding to syn and anti arrangements of methylene moiety related to the carboxylic acid group in enamine intermediate and re and si attacks to the aldehyde carbonyl carbon have been obtained. The solvent effect of DMSO was investigated with polarized continuum model. The computed energies of transition states reveal the stereo-selectivity of the reaction.

The Forming Conditions of and Ore-searching Direction for B, Mg,Pb, Zn and Au Deposits in the Liaoji Proterozoic Rift

The Liaoji Proterozoic rift is an inter-intracontinenatl rift developed from Archean granite-greenstone tectonic regime and contains many important mineral deposits of U, B, magnesite, Pb-Zn, Au, Ag, Co and P. These deposits were formed as the result of late mobilization, transportation and concentfation of the previously enriched ore-forming mate- rials in several ore-bearing formations formed during the rift stage. So the metallogeny of these deposits in the rift shows both inheritance and new generation of the ore-forming materials. In future ore-searching practice, attentions should be paid on the studies of the ore-bearing formations in the rift, on the multiple stages of metallogeny and and on multiple derivations of the ore-forming materials.

300 MW循环流化床锅炉燃煤耦合生物质燃烧及污染物排放特性试验研究

在碳达峰、碳中和背景下,发展燃煤与生物质耦合发电是加快电力转型升级、实现煤电低碳发展的重要途径之一。在某台300 MW循环流化床(CFB)锅炉上设计建设了一套燃煤直燃耦合生物质的燃烧发电系统,并利用该系统进行了燃煤直燃耦合生物质的燃烧特性试验研究。结果表明:该生物质直燃耦合系统运行稳定可靠;CFB锅炉在掺烧木屑颗粒燃料时,随着掺烧比的增加,混合燃料的飞灰含碳量下降、CO排放量降低,混合燃料的燃尽性得以改善;掺烧后经过锅炉燃烧配风优化,锅炉NOx排放量比纯烧原煤排放量略有降低。试验典型工况污染物测试表明:掺入木屑颗粒燃料后,锅炉烟气二噁英排放量为0.0088 ng TEQ/m^(3)(标准工况,φ(O_(2))=11%,下同),飞灰中二噁英排放量为0.0206 ng TEQ/m^(3);飞灰中重金属及P、As、Se等有害微量元素排放值总量为32.121mg/L;底渣中重金属及P、As、Se等有害微量元素排放值总量为3.918 mg/L,烟气和飞灰中的二噁英和重金属等有害物质排放均满足国家环保标准排放限值。

上海地区分户式供暖排放NO_(2)对室内外环境空气质量影响数值模拟研究

以上海市区6层居住建筑为例,采用CFD数值模拟方法研究了室外风速、室外风向、燃气壁挂炉排放等级等因素影响下分户式供暖排放的NO_(2)的扩散特性,并将模拟结果与现有标准中NO_(2)浓度限值作了比较。结果表明:自然通风会使壁挂炉排放的NO_(2)由室外向室内传输,导致室内NO_(2)浓度超标,壁挂炉排放等级越低,室内外传输导致的超标问题越严重;风向越接近正北,室内和区域微环境内NO_(2)浓度总体水平越高;建筑顶层污染物浓度最高,底层最低;区域微环境中NO_(2)浓度分布受壁挂炉排放等级、室外风速和风向等因素影响显著,排放等级越高、风速越大,越有利于污染物在环境中的扩散稀释。

锅炉及加热炉联锁装置关键项目检测方法

为检测验证油气田在用锅炉及加热炉安全联锁保护装置的有效性,保障锅炉及加热炉运行过程中的设备完整性及本质安全,对其安全联锁保护装置关键项目进行了梳理,并根据安全联锁保护装置远程控制系统的工作原理以及现场各关键项目信号的传递方式,采用直接检测法或模拟检测法改变现场各联锁装置的远程传递信号,以此验证安全联锁是否有效并实现动作响应。通过对两种方法可行性及适用性的理论分析和研究,并加以新疆油田现场实践、验证和总结,结果证明:对油气田在用锅炉及加热炉安全联锁保护装置各关键项目的有效运行与否可以采用直接或模拟检测法进行现场检测验证,验证结果安全、可靠。近年来,通过此方法已在新疆油田累计开展了1200多台在用锅炉及加热炉安全联锁保护装置的检测验证工作,为设备的本质安全运行提供了保障,也为其他各油气田在用锅炉及加热炉安全联锁保护装置的安全、有效运行提供检测技术指导。

燃煤锅炉耦合生物质直燃技术

燃煤锅炉耦合生物质直燃技术是一种将生物质能源与传统煤炭资源有机结合的新型能源利用技术,这一技术的重要性体现在诸多方面,包括环保、资源节约、经济效益等多个层面。为减少碳排放、提高可再生能源的利用效率,就燃煤锅炉耦合生物质发电技术开展研究,以期能在实现节能减排的同时,有效减少对燃烧设备的腐蚀。

Where is the rudder of a fish?:the mechanism of swimming and control of self-propelled fish school

Numerical simulation and control of self- propelled swimming of two- and three-dimensional biomimetic fish school in a viscous flow are investigated. With a parallel computational fluid dynamics package for the two- and three-dimensional moving boundary problem, which combines the adaptive multi-grid finite volume method and the methods of immersed boundary and volume of fluid, it is found that due to the interactions of vortices in the wakes, without proper control, a fish school swim with a given flap- ping rule can not keep the fixed shape of a queue. In order to understand the secret of fish swimming, a new feedback con- trol strategy of fish motion is proposed for the first time, i,e., the locomotion speed is adjusted by the flapping frequency of the caudal, and the direction of swimming is controlled by the swinging of the head of a fish. Results show that with this feedback control strategy, a fish school can keep the good order of a queue in cruising, turning or swimming around circles. This new control strategy, which separates the speed control and direction control, is important in the construction of biomimetic robot fish, with which it greatly simplifies the control devices of a biomimetic robot fish.

Numerical simulation of flow separation over a backward-facing step with high Reynolds number

Large eddy simulation (LES) explicitly calculates the large-scale vortex field and parameterizes the small-scale vortices.In this study,LES and κ-ε models were developed for a specific geometrical configuration of backward-facing step (BFS).The simulation results were validated with particle image velocimetry (PIV) measurements and direct numerical simulation (DNS).This LES simulation was carried out with a Reynolds number of 9000 in a pressurized water tunnel with an expansion ratio of 2.00.The results indicate that the LES model can reveal largescale vortex motion although with a larger grid-cell size.However,the LES model tends to overestimate the top wall separation and the Reynolds stress components for the BFS flow simulation without a sufficiently fine grid.Overall,LES is a potential tool for simulating separated flow controlled by large-scale vortices.

Direct modeling for computational fluid dynamics

All fluid dynamic equations are valid under their modeling scales, such as the particle mean free path and mean collision time scale of the Boltzmann equation and the hydrodynamic scale of the Navier-Stokes （NS） equations. The current computational fluid dynamics （CFD） focuses on the numerical solution of partial differential equations （PDEs）, and its aim is to get the accurate solution of these governing equations. Under such a CFD practice, it is hard to develop a unified scheme that covers flow physics from kinetic to hydrodynamic scales continuously because there is no such governing equation which could make a smooth transition from the Boltzmann to the NS modeling. The study of fluid dynamics needs to go beyond the traditional numer- ical partial differential equations. The emerging engineering applications, such as air-vehicle design for near-space flight and flow and heat transfer in micro-devices, do require fur- ther expansion of the concept of gas dynamics to a larger domain of physical reality, rather than the traditional dis- tinguishable governing equations. At the current stage, the non-equilibrium flow physics has not yet been well explored or clearly understood due to the lack of appropriate tools. Unfortunately, under the current numerical PDE approach, it is hard to develop such a meaningful tool due to the absence of valid PDEs. In order to construct multiscale and multiphysics simulation methods similar to the modeling process of con- structing the Boltzmann or the NS governing equations, the development of a numerical algorithm should be based on the first principle of physical modeling. In this paper, instead of following the traditional numerical PDE path, we introduce direct modeling as a principle for CFD algorithm develop- ment. Since all computations are conducted in a discretized space with limited cell resolution, the flow physics to be mod- eled has to be done in the mesh size and time step scales. Here, the CFD is more or less a direct construction of dis- crete numerical evolution equations, where the mesh size and time step will play dynamic roles in the modeling process. With the variation of the ratio between mesh size and local particle mean free path, the scheme will capture flow physics from the kinetic particle transport and collision to the hydro- dynamic wave propagation. Based on the direct modeling, a continuous dynamics of flow motion will be captured in the unified gas-kinetic scheme. This scheme can be faithfully used to study the unexplored non-equilibrium flow physics in the transition regime.

气象观测场在汽车试验场中的应用研究

汽车试验场作为汽车开展道路测试的重要场所,用于验证汽车产品的品质以及可靠性。除了场地道路外,气象条件作为汽车道路测试的重要一环,在《GB/T12534-1990汽车道路试验方法通则》中也有明确要求,如:试验时应是无雨无雾天气,相对湿度小于95%,气温0-40℃,风速不大于3m/s。同时气象条件也作为试验场道路管控的重要依据,实时风速、雨量、能见度等信息为场地管理者发布限速、限行、封场等通知提供必要参考依据,直接影响道路测试安全管控的及时性。因此,文章从气象观测场的建设、气象服务、异常天气道路管控等方面开展气象观测场在汽车试验场中的应用研究。

BBD-4360型磨煤机直吹式制粉系统爆炸原因分析

针对电厂制粉系统频繁发生的爆炸事故,分析了锅炉煤粉系统发生爆炸的因素。得出结论是:爆炸是由煤质挥发分过高、设备中金属件发生摩擦引发明火和积煤自燃造成的。提出了调整运行参数、对设备进行改造等措施,从而避免了制粉系统的爆炸事故。

LOCATIONAL DISTRIBUTION AND SPATIAL DIFFUSION OF FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENTS FROM HONGKONG AND MACAO IN MAINLAND OF CHINA

Foreign direct investments (or FDIs) have been employed since the early 1980s and they have become more and more immportant in Chinese economic development. However, the roles of FDIs are very different between regions, partly due to the different locational preference of various source countries. Some facts show that FDIs from Hongkong - Macao indicate a strong locational preference. Therefore, this paper attempts to make an empirical research on the locational preference of Hongkong - Macao’s FDIs and their spatial diffusion under the support of statistical data with regrereion analysis. In this paper, three statistical models, including the special location model, the general location model and the spatial diffusion model, are created. The results show that this kind of analysis is successful. The major conclusions are as follows. (1) The optimum location for FDIs from Hongkong - Macao lies in the coastal area, especially Guangdong, Hainan, Jiangsu, Shandong, Fujian provinces. Besides, Hubei Province is also an important radon. (2) The FDIs from HongkongMacao in China have diffused gradually from the coastal provinces to the inland regions, the northem and the metropolis and from the locations that had attracted a large number of investments to their vicinities since the 1990s. (3) The special location factors, such as the herder effect, the unique social and kinship ties are the key factors determining the special locational distribution. (4) The general location and spatial diffusion of Hongkong - Macao’s FDIs are the results of interplay of several economic factors. They are the economic scale and advantage, the growth rate, the laier force and economic extrovert etc.

生物质直燃耦合燃煤发电技术路线对机组影响

随着“30·60”碳达峰、碳中和的总体目标明确,进一步降低煤电机组能耗,提升灵活性与调节能力,促进电力行业高效清洁低碳转型,是煤电机组新时期的发展方向。生物质直燃作为一种重要的利用方式,具有原料来源广、技术方案简单、设备投资成本低等优点,发展潜力巨大。依托某超临界燃煤机组,研究采用烟气干燥+颗粒成型+原制粉系统研磨直掺,一级破碎+二级粉碎+空气输送+共管耦合,一级破碎+二级粉碎+烟气干燥+烟气输送+共管耦合3种直燃掺烧的技术路线,以热力计算为基础,通过锅炉掺烧生物质前后的校核计算,分析研究不同掺烧方式对机组的影响。进行包括烟气对生物质的干燥计算、锅炉抽烟气后的热效率计算、空气输送对锅炉热效率的影响计算、掺烧生物质后热力校核计算。结果表明:掺烧生物质后,锅炉排烟温度升高、热效率降低、减温水量增加、厂用电率增加、供电煤耗增加;单位供电CO_(2)排放降低,且随掺烧比例增加,影响幅度增加。经分析对比,采用一级破碎+二级粉碎的方式对生物质原料进行处理后,由热烟气干燥输送进行共管耦合直掺的方式对机组的影响最小。在100%、75%、50%负荷下,分别以输入热量占比为10%、20%、30%、40%进行热力计算,掺烧生物质后锅炉排烟温度升高2.46~14.14℃,热效率降低0.23~1.23个百分点,减温水量增加5.8~30.7 t/h,供电煤耗增加2.09~8.91 g/kWh,单位供电CO_(2)降低79.19~336.44 g/kWh,降幅折合11.1%~40%。

燃煤机组耦合生物质直燃发电综合分析

燃煤机组耦合生物质发电能有效减少碳排放,是当前煤电实现低碳化的最佳途径。文章借助某电厂300 MW煤粉锅炉掺烧生物质的热力试验结果,从安全性、经济性、技术性和环保性等方面,综合分析了生物质直燃耦合对燃煤机组的影响,并对掺烧生物质可能引起的锅炉受热面的沾污和腐蚀、SCR脱硝催化剂的中毒、湿法脱硫石灰石活性的削弱、制粉系统出力和效率的下降、灰渣利用的限制以及燃煤机组运行经济性的下降等问题,提出了相应的建议和应对措施,为我国燃煤机组的低碳绿色转型提供了参考。

生物质电热气肥多联产系统运行优化研究

为了解决生物质电厂秸秆燃烧飞灰的处理问题以及如何实现沼气的高效制备与沼液沼渣的充分利用等问题,本文将生物质直燃发电机组与沼气池耦合,构建了生物质电热气肥多联产系统,并对系统设备进行特性建模;其次,考虑系统经济性及温室气体减排特性,建立了生物质电热气肥多联产系统多时间尺度运行优化模型,并采用人工蜂群智能优化算法求解;最后,基于算例分析了所提出系统的优势以及日前、日内调度中各设备出力特点。研究结果表明本文构建的系统利用多能互补特性,可有效提高沼气池的供能效率,促进了生物质资源的消纳,使得系统拥有较好的经济性和温室气体减排特性。

直接电导法测定锅炉给水中TOC_(i)含量的不确定度评定

锅炉给水中的总有机碳离子(TOC_(i))含量超标往往会导致锅炉水汽系统和汽轮机系统内的腐蚀,近年来锅炉水汽系统的TOC_(i)含量分析逐渐成为锅炉水质监测的重要分析项目。本文使用电导型检测器的Elab-TOC/E2000型总有机碳离子分析仪,按照DL/T 1358-2014的行业标准方法,以某石油化工企业电厂锅炉给水的TOC_(i)的不确定度测定为例,识别各个不确定度的来源,并对各不确定度分量进行逐个评定,计算出合成不确定度和扩展不确定度,为锅炉水汽系统内TOC_(i)含量分析结果的可靠性和准确性提供参考意义。

前后对冲燃烧锅炉冷灰斗高温腐蚀原因识别及改进措施

某电厂600 MW超临界前后对冲燃烧方式锅炉后墙冷灰斗区域高温腐蚀严重。为了摸清高温腐蚀原因和减轻高温腐蚀,通过摸底诊断试验发现锅炉后墙冷灰斗区域壁面氛围参数中CO浓度分布在11.2×10^(4)~13.3×10^(4)μL/L,H_(2)S浓度分布在688~782μL/L,后墙底层B磨煤粉细度整体较前墙底层E磨偏小,并且E磨1#和3#粉管煤粉细度严重偏大,达38%,造成前后墙对冲火焰刚性不一致,B磨燃烧器火焰在对冲过程中容易被E磨燃烧器气流往下压制,火焰整体往下卷吸至冷灰斗区域,煤粉颗粒沉积在后墙冷灰斗区域,造成该区域还原性气氛偏高和高温腐蚀问题加剧。针对问题原因采用燃烧组织定向调整试验方法,调整E磨煤粉细度、一次风压和B磨煤粉细度有利于提高后墙火焰刚性,降低后墙冷灰斗壁面氛围参数。经过调整,后墙冷灰斗区域壁面氛围中CO浓度降低值范围为2.75×10^(4)~7.7×10^(4)μL/L,H_(2)S浓度降低值范围为120~355μL/L。优化调整无法根本上解决冷灰斗区域高温腐蚀,但对减轻高温腐蚀有积极的作用。优化调整结合贴壁风改造和防高温腐蚀喷涂改造是解决冷灰斗区域高温腐蚀问题的有效路径,为同类型机组运行和改造提供参考依据。