The Direct Approach

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Complication rates after direct anterior vs posterior approach for hip hemiarthroplasty in elderly individuals with femoral neck fractures

BACKGROUND Dislocation rates after hemiarthroplasty reportedly vary from 1%to 17%.This serious complication is associated with increased morbidity and mortality rates.Approaches to this surgery are still debated,with no consensus regarding the superiority of any single approach.AIM To compare early postoperative complications after implementing the direct anterior and posterior approaches(PL)for hip hemiarthroplasty after femoral neck fractures.METHODS This is a comparative,retrospective,single-center cohort study conducted at a university hospital.Between March 2008 and December 2018,273 patients(a total of 280 hips)underwent bipolar hemiarthroplasties(n=280)for displaced femoral neck fractures using either the PL(n=171)or the minimally invasive direct anterior approach(DAA)(n=109).The choice of approach was related to the surgeons’practices;the implant types were similar and unrelated to the approach.Dislocation rates and other complications were reviewed after a minimum followup of 6 mo.RESULTS Both treatment groups had similarly aged patients(mean age:82 years),sex ratios,patient body mass indexes,and patient comorbidities.Surgical data(surgery delay time,operative time,and blood loss volume)did not differ significantly between the groups.The 30 d mortality rate was higher in the PL group(9.9%)than in the DAA group(3.7%),but the difference was not statistically significant(P=0.052).Among the one-month survivors,a significantly higher rate of dislocation was observed in the PL group(14/154;9.1%)than in the DAA group(0/105;0%)(P=0.002).Of the 14 patients with dislocation,8 underwent revision surgery for recurrent instability(posterior group),and one of them had 2 additional procedures due to a deep infection.The rate of other complications(e.g.,perioperative and early postoperative periprosthetic fractures and infection-related complications)did not differ significantly between the groups.CONCLUSION These findings suggest that the DAA to bipolar hemiarthroplasty for patients with femoral neck fractures is associated with a lower dislocation rate(<1%)than the PL.

Debate on direct-anterior vs posterior approach for hip hemiarthroplasty:The authors’insights

We read and discussed the study entitled“Complication rates after direct anterior vs posterior approach for Hip Hemiarthroplasty in elderly individuals with femoral neck fractures”with great interest.The authors have done justice to the topic of comparison of anterior and posterior surgical approaches for bipolar hemiarthroplasty which has been an everlasting debate in the existing literature.However,there are certain aspects of this study that need clarification from the authors.

Direct anterior compared to posterior approach for hip hemiarthroplasty following femoral neck fractures

The differences in complication rates between the direct anterior and posterior approaches for hemiarthroplasty in elderly patients with femoral neck fractures are not yet fully understood.Dislocation,a severe complication associated with increased mortality and often requiring additional surgery,may occur less frequently with the direct anterior approach compared to the posterior approach.Careful consideration of patient demographics is essential when planning the surgical approach.Future research in this area should focus on robust randomized controlled trials involving elderly patients recovering from femoral neck fractures.

A Direct Approach for Finding Loop Transformation Matrices

Loop transformations, such as loop interchange, reversal and skewing, have been unified under linear matrix transformations. A legal transformation matrix is usually generated based upon distance vectors or direction vectors. Unfortunately, for some nested loops, distance vectors may not be computable and direction vectors, on the other hand, may not contain useful information. We propose the use of linear equations or inequalities of distance vectors to approximate data dependence. This approach is advantageous since (1) many loops having no constant distance vectors have very simple equations of distance vectors; (2) these equations contain more information than direction vectors do, thus the cliance of exploiting potential parallelism is improved.In general, the equations or inequalities that approximate the data dependence of a given nested loop is not unique, hence classification is discussed for the purpose of loop transformation. Efficient algorithms are developed to generate all kinds of linear equations of distance vectors for a given nested loop. The issue of how to obtain a desired transformation matrix from those equations is also addressed.

Dissection and ligation of the lateral circumflex femoral artery is not necessary when using the direct anterior approach for total hip arthroplasty

BACKGROUND Branches of the lateral circumflex femoral artery(LCFA) stretch across the surgical field during a direct anterior total hip arthroplasty. It is an anatomical marker in direct anterior approach. As an important vessel around the hip joint,this vessel was ligated in most situations. Although ligation of the vascular pedicle of the LCFA is a common, traditional procedure used to decrease bleeding, the ligation of the pedicle of the vessel is tedious and time-consuming.AIM To explore whether this ligation is truly necessary in a direct anterior approach to total hip arthroplasty.METHODS This single-center, single-surgeon, prospective study was performed to compare patients' bleeding undergoing ligation of the branches of the LCFA pedicle(group A) vs those treated with electrocautery from the branches of the LCFA(group B). In both groups, the pedicles were identified in the intermuscular plane between the tensor fasciae lata and the rectus femoris muscles. In group A, the pedicles were ligated with a silk ligature. In group B, the branches coming off the LCFA were controlled with electrocautery. We compared preoperative vs postoperative changes in blood hemoglobin levels, intraoperative blood loss,operative time, rates of transfusion, re-bleeding, and hematoma between the two groups.RESULTS The reduction of hemoglobin in group A was 20.9 ± 7.0, and in group B it was 21.2 ± 4.9. There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups(P > 0.05). The actual calculated blood loss in group A was 784 ± 125 mL,and in group B it was 722 ± 153 mL. There was a trend in group A having more blood loss(P = 0.078). The estimated blood loss in group A was 344 ± 88 mL, and in group B it was 346 ± 73 mL. There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups(P = 0.883). In addition, there were no significant differences in the rates of postoperative transfusion(10% vs 6.7%, P > 0.05),postoperative hematomas(6.7% vs 13.3%, P > 0.05), or re-bleeding(13.3% vs 20%,P > 0.05) between the two groups.CONCLUSION Ligation of the pedicle of the LCFA has no advantage in preventing or decreasing bleeding during or after a total hip arthroplasty using the direct anterior approach. Ligation of the pedicle of the vessel is a cumbersome, unnecessary procedure and can be replaced by electrocautery control of the branches off this artery that course through the surgical field.

Direct anterior approach hip arthroplasty:How to reduce complications-A 10-years single center experience and literature review

BACKGROUND The direct anterior approach for total hip arthroplasty(DAA-THA)is increasing in popularity due to some advantages such as less surgical trauma,minimal dissection of soft tissues,shorter rehabilitation times,faster return to daily activities,lower incidence of dislocation.On the other hand,the literature reports a high rate of intraoperative complications,with many different rates and complication types in the published papers.AIM To analyze our complications comparing results with the literature;to report measures that we have taken to reduce complications rate.METHODS All DAA-THA patients with one year minimum follow up who were operated at a single high-volume centre,between January 2010 and December 2019 were included in this retrospective study.All surgeries were performed using cementless short anatomical or straight stems and press fit cups.Patients’followup was performed,at 6 wk,3 mo,then annually post-surgery with clinical and radiological evaluation.Primary outcomes were stem revision for aseptic loosening and all-cause stem revision.Second outcome was intra-operative and post-operative complications identification.RESULTS A total of 394 patients underwent DDA-THA from January 2010 and December 2019,for a total of 412 hips;twelve patients lost to follow-up and one patient who died from causes not related to surgery were excluded from the study.The average age at the time of surgery was 61 years(range from 28 to 78 years).Mean follow-up time was 64.8 mo(range 12-120 mo).Seven stems were revised.One cortical perforation,one trochanteric and lateral cortical wall intraoperative fracture,one diaphyseal fracture,three clinically symptomatic early subsidence and one late aseptic loosening.We also observed 3 periprosthetic fractures B1 according to the Vancouver Classification.Other minor complications not requiring stem revision were 5 un-displaced fractures of the calcar region treated with preventive cerclage,one early infection,one case of late posterior dislocation,18 case of asymptomatic stem subsidence,6 cases of lateral cutaneous femoral nerve dysesthesia.CONCLUSION DAA is associated to good outcomes and lower incidence of dislocation.Complication rate can be reduced by mindful patient selection,thorough preoperative planning,sufficient learning curve and use of intraoperative imaging.

A direct probabilistic approach to solve state equations for nonlinear systems under random excitation

In this paper, a direct probabilistic approach（DPA） is presented to formulate and solve moment equations for nonlinear systems excited by environmental loads that can be either a stationary or nonstationary random process.The proposed method has the advantage of obtaining the response＇s moments directly from the initial conditions and statistical characteristics of the corresponding external excitations. First, the response＇s moment equations are directly derived based on a DPA, which is completely independent of the It？/filtering approach since no specific assumptions regarding the correlation structure of excitation are made.By solving them under Gaussian closure, the response＇s moments can be obtained. Subsequently, a multiscale algorithm for the numerical solution of moment equations is exploited to improve computational efficiency and avoid much wall-clock time. Finally, a comparison of the results with Monte Carlo（MC） simulation gives good agreement.Furthermore, the advantage of the multiscale algorithm in terms of efficiency is also demonstrated by an engineering example.

Bipolar hemiarthroplasty for femoral neck fracture using the direct anterior approach

AIM: To evaluate whether walking ability recovers early after bipolar hemiarthroplasty(BHA) using a direct anterior approach.METHODS: Between 2008 and 2010, 81 patients with femoral neck fracture underwent BHA using the direct anterior approach(DAA) or the posterior approach(PA). The mean observation period was 36 mo. The age, sex, body mass index(BMI), time from admission to surgery, length of hospitalization, outcome after discharge, walking ability, duration of surgery, blood loss and complications were compared. RESULTS: There was no significant difference in the age, sex, BMI, time from admission to surgery, length of hospitalization, outcome after discharge, duration of surgery and blood loss between the two groups. Two weeks after the operation, assistance was not necessary for walking in the hospital in 65.0% of the patients in the DAA group and in 33.3% in the PA group(P < 0.05). As for complications, fracture of the femoral greater trochanter developed in 1 patient in the DAA group and calcar crack and dislocation in 1 patient each in the PA group.CONCLUSION: DAA is an approach more useful for BHA for femoral neck fracture in elderly patients than total hip arthroplasty in terms of the early acquisition of walking ability.

Reliability of a simple fluoroscopic image to assess leg length discrepancy during direct anterior approach total hip arthroplasty

BACKGROUND Direct anterior approach(DAA)total hip arthroplasty(THA)in a supine position provides a unique opportunity to assess leg length discrepancy(LLD)intraoperatively with fluoroscopy.Reported fluoroscopic techniques are useful but are generally complicated or costly.Despite the use of multiple techniques for leg length assessment,LLD continues to be a major post-operative source of patient dissatisfaction further emphasizing the importance of near-anatomic restoration.The utility of an alternative direct measurement of LLD on an intra-operative fluoroscopic pelvic image during DAA THA has not been reported.AIM To determine the reliability of a novel simple intra-operative measurement of LLD using a parallel line technique on a single fluoroscopic digital image of the pelvis.METHODS One hundred and seventy-one patients who underwent DAA THA were included for analysis.Intra-operative fluoroscopic and post-operative anterior-posterior radiographs were imported to TraumaCad and calibrated for LLD measurement.LLD was measured on each image using the right-left hip differences in lesser trochanter to pelvic reference line distances.Pelvic reference points included the teardrops and ischia.Fluoroscopic LLD was compared to the gold-standard measurement of LLD measured on a post-operative radiograph.RESULTS Mean absolute difference in teardrop referenced LLD between fluoroscopic and post-operative radiographs was 2.17 mm and based on the ischia mean absolute difference was 2.63 mm.Linear regression of fluoroscopic and post-operative radiograph LLD based on teardrop and ischia LLD found r2 values of 0.57 and 0.84,respectively.Mean absolute difference between fluoroscopic and postoperative x-ray LLD was within 5 mm in 95%of cases regardless of pelvic reference.CONCLUSION This study demonstrates that a single fluoroscopic view obtained during DAA THA for leg length assessment is clinically useful.

Development of a Retractor Holding Device to Reduce the Manpower in Total Hip Arthroplasty through Direct Anterior Approach

Direct anterior approach (DAA) for total hip arthroplasty (THA) is a minimally invasive technique. In this approach, two assistants are necessary. We developed a retractor holding device called “Spider arm” to replace an assistant in the contra-lateral side. In this study, we investigated the usefulness of Spider arm in THA through direct anterior approach. 20 hips were operated without Spider arm and 21 hips were operated with Spider arm. The surgery time and the blood loss were compared. The cup position and leg length discrepancy were measured on radiography. There was no statistical significance between two groups in all parameters. No clinical complications were reported. With Spider arm, DAA-THA could be performed by two surgeons without deterioration of the surgery time and blood loss. The accuracy of cup position and leg length discrepancy was not affected. Spider arm can contribute to reducing the manpower in DAA-THA.

Absolutely Direct Frequency Measurement of Two-Photon Transition Using Multi-Peak Fitting Approach

The optical frequency comb has been widely used in precision measurement. In this study, a multi-peak fitting approach is first proposed to fit the two-photon transition spectrum which overlaps with the neighboring transition in Rb-87. The multi-peak fitting approach is used to eliminate the frequency shift affected by the neighboring transition. With locking the carrier envelope offset frequency at 1/4 repetition frequency, the transition frequency is measured to be 770569132739.9 +/- 5.8 kHz, which agrees well with the previous result recommended by Comite International des Poids et Mesures.

Estimation Approaches of ηUV,PUV and UV Directional Wave Spectra and Their Comparison

The observation and estimation of directional spectra of sea waves is one of the essential subjects of study of oceanic dynamics. On the basis of the irregular linear wave theory, estimation methods for i/UV, PUV and VV directional wave spectra are derived. By using ij and PUV data measured in-situ, directional wave spectra are estimated, meanwhile the virtues and defects of various spectra are comparied. This method provide a basis for the observations of sea waves.

Investigation of the direct microsurgery of ICCA aneurysms via the carotid artery-cavernous sinus space approach

Objective To discuss the approach and technique of the direct microsurgery of intracavemous sinus carotid artery aneurysms (ICCAAns). Methods All the 15 cases of ICCAAns underwent the direct microsurgery via the carotid artery-cavernous sinus space approach. Results Immediate carotid arteriography after the surgery showed that the aneurysms disappeared and the carotid artery could be showed clearly and normall. In a follow up period ranged frcm 1 months to 9 years,it was showed that,among 5 cases with 333,IV,V a,VI nerve paralysis before the surgery, three completely recovered,one recovered incompletely. All patients regained the capability of undertaking mormal cativities. None experienced rebleeding or neuroparalysis. Conclusion Direct microsurgery via this is approach is an ideal treatment of ICCAAns. 6 refs.

高效推进“十四五”末全面完成安徽省废弃矿山生态修复任务之路径

安徽省是矿业大省,长时间高强度的矿业活动对生态环境造成了损害。“十三五”以来安徽省投入大量人力、物力、财力对全省废弃矿山开展生态修复工作,生态效益、社会效益显著。本文对“十四五”2021—2023年6月间安徽省废弃矿山生态修复工作进行了全面评估,总结了取得的成效,分析了废弃矿山生态修复工作面临的问题,提出了2023—2025年下一步工作方向和实施路径。

改良Peyton四步教学法联合DOPS在西藏临床技能培训中的应用

目的探讨基于改良Peyton四步教学法的模拟教学联合操作技能直接观察(direct observation of procedural skills,DOPS)评估方法在西藏临床技能培训中的应用效果。方法选取西藏边坝县人民医院2021年5月—2022年5月参加临床技能培训的51名医护人员为研究对象,随机分为试验组与对照组。试验组采用结合改良Peyton四步教学法进行成人男性导尿术教学,并在培训开始前、培训中期及培训结束后,由带教教师采用DOPS评估方法对学员进行测评。对照组采用传统临床技能培训方法进行教学。在培训结束后发放满意度调查问卷,以了解学员对该教学模式的满意度。结果试验组技能考核平均成绩(90.12±5.50)分,对照组技能考核平均成绩(79.36±6.95)分,两组间成绩比较,其差异具有统计学意义(P<0.001);DOPS评估量表显示,试验组学员在培训结束后临床操作各项能力均较前有显著提高,其差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05);课后满意度调查结果显示,在赞同“增强相关基础知识”等6个方面,试验组与对照组比较,其差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.001)。结论基于改良Peyton四步教学法的模拟教学联合DOPS评估方法的教学模式可提高西藏藏区医护人员的临床技能操作水平,适合在藏区医护人员临床技能培训中推广。

高龄不稳定性股骨粗隆间骨折行直接前入路人工股骨头置换术的临床研究

目的探讨高龄不稳定性股骨粗隆间骨折患者采取直接前入路人工股骨头置换术治疗的效果。方法随机选取靖江市人民医院于2019年1月—2023年10月收治的60例不稳定性股骨粗隆间骨折高龄患者为研究对象,按照随机抽签方式分为对照组和观察组,每组30例。对照组采取保守治疗,观察组采取直接前入路人工股骨头置换术治疗。对比两组患者近期临床疗效,治疗前后髋关节功能及日常生活能力。结果观察组近期治疗总有效率为100.00%,高于对照组的80.00%,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=4.630,P<0.05)。观察组髋关节评分及日常生活能力评分高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。结论临床治疗不稳定性股骨粗隆间骨折的高龄患者可选直接前入路人工股骨头置换术方式,相比保守治疗近期效果更理想,可以有效促进患者髋关节功能的恢复。

不同入路人工全髋关节置换后步态及髋关节活动能力的比较

背景:在微创全髋关节置换手术入路的选择上,有关直接前入路与后侧入路在术后步态、肢体平衡及髋部运动能力方面是否存在差异还有很大争议,因此,有必要进行进一步的研究。目的:采用前瞻性随机对照研究的方法评估直接前入路与后侧入路人工全髋关节置换后早期患者的步态及髋关节活动能力恢复情况。方法:纳入2019年1月至2020年6月青岛市市立医院收治的单侧股骨头坏死患者61例,其中男40例,女21例,平均年龄(64.83±5.52)岁,采用随机数字表法分为直接前入路组(n=28)与后侧入路组(n=33),分别经直接前入路、后侧入路进行初次人工全髋关节置换手术。术前及术后1,3,6个月对患者进行步态分析(步长、步频、单足支撑时间、足底压力差等步态时间-空间参数)及髋关节活动能力(站立-行走计时测试与2 min步行测试)测评。结果与结论:①随着术后时间的延长,两组患者的步态时间-空间参数逐步改善,直接前入路组患者术后1个月的步长、步频、单足支撑时间、足底压力差测试结果均显著优于后侧入路组(P<0.01),术后3个月的步频、单足支撑时间、足底压力差测试结果显著优于后侧入路组(P<0.05),术后6个月的足底压力差测试结果优于后侧入路组(P<0.01);②随着术后时间延长,两组患者的站立-行走计时测试及2 min步行测试结果逐步改善,直接前入路组患者术后1,3个月的站立-行走计时测试及2 min步行测试结果优于后侧入路组(P<0.05);③结果显示,两组患者术后步态和髋关节活动能力恢复情况不一致,直接前入路组患者术后早期步态和髋关节活动能力优于后侧入路组。

侧卧位改良直接外侧入路与改良后外侧入路髋关节置换术治疗高龄股骨颈骨折的疗效分析

目的分析侧卧位改良直接外侧入路与改良后外侧入路髋关节置换术治疗高龄股骨颈骨折的疗效。方法选取2019年2月—2023年1月三亚中心医院收治的102例高龄股骨颈骨折患者,以随机数字表法分为研究组、对照组,各51例。对照组接受侧卧位改良后外侧入路,研究组接受侧卧位改良直接外侧入路。比较两组手术相关指标、疼痛程度、血清学指标、髋关节功能、平衡功能及并发症。结果研究组切口长度低于对照组(P<0.05),术后下地时间、术后住院时间短于对照组(P<0.05)。两组患者手术时间、术中出血量比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。两组患者术前、术后12 h、术后24 h、术后48 h的视觉模拟评分(VAS)比较,结果:①不同时间点的VAS评分比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);②两组患者VAS评分比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),研究组术后VAS评分低于对照组;③两组患者VAS评分变化趋势比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组患者术前、术后12 h、术后24 h、术后48 h的降钙素原(PCT)、C反应蛋白(CRP)、红细胞沉降率(ESR)比较,结果:①不同时间点的PCT、CRP、ESR比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);②两组患者PCT、CRP、ESR评分比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),研究组术后PCT、CRP、ESR评分低于对照组;③两组患者PCT、CRP、ESR变化趋势比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组患者出院当日、术后1个月、术后6个月UCLA髋关节系统评分、Harris髋关节功能评分比较,结果:①不同时间点UCLA评分、Harris评分比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);②两组患者UCLA评分、Harris评分比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),研究组出院当日、术后1个月UCLA评分、Harris评分比对照组高;③两组患者UCLA评分、Harris评分变化趋势比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组患者出院当日、术后1个月、术后6个月的平衡功能评分(BBS)比较,结果:①不同时间点的BBS评分比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);②两组患者BBS评分比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),研究组出院当日、术后1个月BBS评分比对照组高(P<0.05);③两组患者BBS评分变化趋势比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。研究组并发症总发生率低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论相比于侧卧位改良后外侧入路,侧卧位改良直接外侧入路髋关节置换术治疗高龄股骨颈骨折效果更佳,可改善患者平衡功能与髋关节功能,促进术后康复,减轻软组织损伤与疼痛,降低并发症发生风险。

牵引床辅助直接前侧入路半髋关节置换术的并发症分析

目的探讨牵引床辅助直接前侧入路半髋关节置换术治疗高龄老年股骨颈骨折的并发症及防治方法。方法回顾性分析2019年6月至2021年8月采用牵引床辅助DAA-HA治疗的196例高龄股骨颈骨折患者临床资料。分析患者并发症的发生原因、治疗方法及预后。结果所有患者平均随访时间21.6个月(12~30个月),发生并发症25例。其中11例(5.6%)发生股外侧皮神经损伤,6例(3.1%)切口渗液,5例(2.6%)假体周围骨折,3例(1.5%)双下肢不等长。随访期内,未发生假体脱位、假体松动、感染等其他并发症。结论牵引床辅助DAA-HA治疗高龄老年股骨颈骨折过程中存在股外侧皮神经损伤、切口渗液、假体周围骨折、双下肢不等长等并发症。规范手术操作流程,提升手术技术,重视患者病情及术后康复过程可减少并发症的发生。