Influencing factors and paths of direct carbon emissions from the energy consumption of rural residents in central China determined using a questionnaire survey

Rural residents have unique lifestyle characteristics,energy consumption methods,energy-saving behaviors,and awareness.And the direct carbon emission from rural residents is based on the combined effect of multiple factors.In order to address the complexity of factors affecting the direct carbon emissions from rural household,this study used a structural equation model to examine the effect of multi-factor variables on direct carbon emissions from rural households in central China.Data were collected using questionnaires and surveys in six cities in central China to reflect the daily reality of rural residents.The results show that quality of life and awareness of energy conservation can affect the direct carbon emissions of rural residents.Family characteristics and awareness of energy conservation affected carbon emissions indirectly by affecting the daily behaviors and quality of life of the residents;consumption characteristics,energy-saving behaviors,and energy conservation policies are not the main factors contributing to the direct carbon emissions of the residents.Based on the results,future studies can focus on energy conservation education,improvement of the living habits,coal energy use efficiency,and energy consumption structure of residences.

Mapping urban carbon emissions in relation to local climate zones:Case of the building sector in Bangkok Metropolitan Administration,Thailand

This study focuses on carbon emissions of the building sector in relation to local climate zone(LCZ)classification,concentrating on two major parts.First,we estimated carbon emissions in the building sector,which were cal-culated for weekdays and weekends real-time daily energy consumption patterns.The estimations were divided into direct(from petroleum products consumption)and indirect emissions(from electricity consumption).Sec-ond,we examined urban carbon emissions mapping in relation to LCZ.Bangkok Metropolitan Administration(BMA)was used as the case study and 2016 as the base year for examination.The results illustrate that indirect emissions in Bangkok can be up to ten times higher than direct emissions.The analysis indicates that LCZ,such as compact high-rise,large low-rise,light industry,and warehouse zones had a relatively higher carbon emission intensity than others.Additionally,we identified that the compact high-rise zone has the highest indirect emission intensity,while the light industry and warehouse zone have the greatest direct emission intensity.These results provide insights into the dynamics of carbon emission characteristics in the building sector and the methodology purported here can be used to support low carbon city planning and policymaking in Bangkok.