模块化高压大容量DC/DC变换器综述

随着新能源发电占比增加和电网规模的不断扩大,直流输电系统的容量不断提升,含有不同电压等级的直流电网是未来发展的必然趋势。在此背景下,DC/DC变换器作为直流电网关键设备,在多电压等级互联场景中发挥着重要作用。文中首先对已有的模块化高压大容量DC/DC变换器进行归纳、分类和比较,然后阐述了目前模块化高压大容量DC/DC变换器的拓扑结构、工作原理与特点,并针对其特点提出了不同变换器的适用场景,最后对未来的研究方向提出了建议。

基于双重移相控制的双向全桥DC-DC变换器最小回流功率分段优化控制

双向全桥DC-DC变换器以其重量轻、高功率密度、能量双向流动等优点成为直流微电网中不可或缺的一部分。但双向全桥DC-DC变换器在传统的单重移相控制下存在回流功率和电流应力等问题,尤其当输入电压和输出电压不匹配时,回流功率和电流应力会显著增加。针对输入电压和输出电压不匹配的情况,该文提出了一种双向全桥DC-DC变换器在双重移相下的最小回流功率控制策略。该控制策略通过对回流功率进行分段优化,得到了变换器在不同传输功率范围下的最优移相角。通过将所提控制策略和传统的双重移相控制进行对比分析,发现该文所提控制策略具有更小的回流功率和电流应力,提升了变换器的效率。最后基于所提控制策略搭建了实验样机,实验结果验证了控制策略的正确性和有效性。

新能源基地经LCC-HVDC送出系统振荡机理分析与抑制策略(二):阻抗特性与振荡机理分析

该文基于系列文章1建立的电网换相换流器型高压直流(line commutated converter-based high voltage direct current,LCC-HVDC)阻抗模型,开展新能源基地经LCC-HVDC送出系统阻抗特性和振荡机理分析。首先,研究LCC-HVDC送端交流端口阻抗与阀本体交流阻抗、交流滤波器阻抗间的构成关系,分析直流线路、受端换流站、受端电网强度对送端换流站阀本体交流阻抗的主导影响;然后,研究送端换流站直流电流环对阀本体交流阻抗的重叠效应,分析送端换流站交流端口阻抗次/超同步频段负阻尼特性形成机理,并论述受端换流站和受端电网强度对送端交流端口阻抗特性的交互影响;接下来,建立新能源基地经LCC-HVDC送出系统等值模型,研究送端系统振荡边界条件,阐明LCC-HVDC对新能源并网点阻抗特性影响的变化规律,揭示直驱风机(permanent magnet synchronous generator,PMSG)、双馈风机(doubly-fed induction generator,DFIG)、光伏(photovoltaic,PV)不同类型新能源基地经LCC-HVDC送出系统次/超同步振荡机理;最后,不同类型新能源基地经LCC-HVDC送出系统仿真结果验证了该文提出的次/超同步振荡机理的正确性和通用性。

DRU-HVDC系统并联风机无功环流的分析与抑制

基于二极管整流器单元的高压直流输电(DRU-HVDC)具有多重优势从而受到了广泛关注,但是线路阻抗不匹配会使并联风机之间无功功率分配不均,产生无功环流。与传统的P-f,Q-U控制不同,基于DRU构网型风机采用P-U和Q-f控制,分析了此背景下阻抗不匹配时风机间无功环流产生的机理,提出了一种基于自适应频率补偿的无功环流抑制策略。该策略是在使用全局统一参考坐标系的基础上,对各台风机的无功控制环加入自适应频率调节,以此来实现风机间的无功环流抑制。仿真结果与实验结果表明所采用的策略提高了无功功率分配精准度,无需线路阻抗信息即可抑制风机间的无功环流,确保了风机组稳定运行。

分网接入方式下LCC-HVDC系统运动方程模型及交互振荡模式的阻尼特征(二):交互振荡模式研究

为研究分网接入方式下电网换相换流器高压直流输电(line commutated converter based high voltage direct current,LCC-HVDC)系统的交互振荡模式及阻尼特征,基于系统的状态空间模型及系列文章(一)建立的运动方程模型,提取了表征逆变侧电气与控制环节强耦合特性的多个弱阻尼交互振荡模式,研究了不同短路比工况下交互振荡模式的变化特征。在此基础上,通过复转矩系数法量化评估了整流侧/逆变侧内部自稳性路径及双极交互作用致稳性路径对主导交互振荡模式阻尼特性的贡献度。结果表明:1)不同短路比工况下交互振荡模式的阻尼比会进行重新分配;2)当逆变侧正负极短路比相差较大时,双极交互作用较弱,正负极系统的稳定性由2个交互振荡模式各自主导,且稳定性特征有所差异;3)当逆变侧正负极短路比相近时,双极间动态交互加强,交互振荡模式会同时主导参与系统两极的稳定性,正负极稳定性特征相似。

分网接入方式下LCC-HVDC系统运动方程模型及交互振荡模式的阻尼特征(一):扰动传递路径分解

与常规直流相比,永富直流逆变站存在功率全送和功率分送运行方式,而其处于分网接入方式时电网换相换流器高压直流输电(line commutated converter based high voltage directcurrent,LCC-HVDC)系统的交互振荡模式及特征尚不明确。针对这一特殊运行方式,采用模块化建模的思路建立可以反映系统电气/控制回路间交互耦合路径的运动方程模型。在此基础上,依据系统整流侧-逆变侧、正极-负极间的交互耦合路径分解得到影响系统主导模式稳定性的3条扰动传递路径,即整流侧内部自稳性路径、逆变侧内部自稳性路径、双极交互作用致稳性路径。最后,设置不同工况下的案例,量化评估不同作用路径提供的阻尼大小,并通过仿真验证运动方程模型及扰动传递路径分析结果的正确性,为后续研究分网接入方式下LCC-HVDC系统交互振荡模式的阻尼特征提供模型基础。

高效率DC/DC转换器在通信电源中的应用研究

文章旨在评估高效率直流/直流(Direct Current/Direct Current,DC/DC)转换器在通信电源中的应用,着重考察最小输出电压、效率、功耗以及瞬态响应等关键性能参数。通过深入研究TPS54160芯片,揭示在不同工作频率下该芯片的性能特点。最后,通过实验验证TPS54160芯片在通信电源中的性能表现,旨在为通信系统的电源设计提供参考和指导。

Detecting and monitoring of water inrush in tunnels and coal mines using direct current resistivity method:A review

Detecting, real-time monitoring and early warning of underground water-bearing structures are critically important issues in prevention and mitigation of water inrush hazards in underground engineering. Direct current （DC） resistivity method is a widely used method for routine detection, advanced detection and real-time monitoring of water-bearing structures, due to its high sensitivity to groundwater. In this study, the DC resistivity method applied to underground engineering is reviewed and discussed, including the observation mode, multiple inversions, and real-time monitoring. It is shown that a priori information constrained inversion is desirable to reduce the non-uniqueness of inversion, with which the accuracy of detection can be significantly improved. The focused resistivity method is prospective for advanced detection;with this method, the flanking interference can be reduced and the detection dis-tance is increased subsequently. The time-lapse resistivity inversion method is suitable for the regions with continuous conductivity changes, and it can be used to monitor water inrush in those regions. Based on above-mentioned features of various methods in terms of benefits and limitations, we propose a three-dimensional （3D） induced polarization method characterized with multi-electrode array, and introduce it into tunnels and mines combining with real-time monitoring with time-lapse inversion and cross-hole resistivity method. At last, the prospective applications of DC resistivity method are discussed as follows： （1） available advanced detection technology and instrument in tunnel excavated by tunnel boring machine （TBM）, （2） high-resolution detection method in holes, （3） four-dimensional （4D） monitoring technology for water inrush sources, and （4） estimation of water volume in water-bearing structures.

A Fault Current Limiting Hybrid DC Circuit Breaker

Due to the low impedance characteristic of the high voltage direct current(HVDC)grid,the fault current rises extremely fast after a DC-side fault occurs,and this phenomenon seriously endangers the safety of the HVDC grid.In order to suppress the rising speed of the fault current and reduce the current interruption requirements of the main breaker(MB),a fault current limiting hybrid DC circuit breaker(FCL-HCB)has been proposed in this paper,and it has the capability of bidirectional fault current limiting and fault current interruption.After the occurrence of the overcurrent in the HVDC grid,the current limiting circuit(CLC)of FCL-HCB is put into operation immediately,and whether the protected line is cut off or resumed to normal operation is decided according to the fault detection result.Compared with the traditional hybrid DC circuit breaker(HCB),the required number of semiconductor switches and the peak value of fault current after fault occurs are greatly reduced by adopting the proposed device.Extensive simulations also verify the effectiveness of the proposed FCL-HCB.

提高LCC-HVDC在弱交流系统下的稳定性和动态性能的控制参数优化方法

基于电网换相换流器的高压直流(LCC-HVDC)系统在逆变侧连接弱交流系统时可能出现小信号失稳以及动态性能恶化的问题,需要同时关注系统的稳定性和动态性能。而现有的控制参数优化方法所用的目标函数往往仅描述系统的稳定性或动态性能,而不能同时兼顾。针对这一问题,该文提出一种利用能够同时衡量系统稳定性和动态性能的能量衰减指标作为目标函数的LCC-HVDC控制参数优化方法。首先,建立LCC-HVDC系统的小信号模型,通过根轨迹和灵敏度分析辨识影响系统稳定性的关键控制参数;然后,通过能量衰减指标计算适用于不同工况的优化可行域,在可行域内以能量衰减指标为目标函数用蒙特卡洛算法对关键控制参数进行优化;最后,通过不同运行点下的测试,证明经过参数优化的LCC-HVDC在弱交流系统下的稳定性和动态性能有明显提升,优化后的控制参数适用于传输功率不同的工况,证明了优化方法的有效性和适用性。

双有源桥DC-DC变换器线性自抗扰控制

针对双有源桥DC-DC变换器单重移相控制电流应力大,采用传统PI控制动态特性差等问题,为同时优化变换器电流应力和动态特性,在扩展移相控制下,提出一种线性自抗扰控制结合直接功率控制的电流应力优化方案。通过建立扩展移相各个状态下的数学模型,推导出电流应力的全局最优解,将线性自抗扰控制器引入电压环,与直接功率控制相结合,输出传输功率标幺值至电流应力优化算法中,计算对应移相角。仿真和实验结果表明:新优化控制策略能在减小电流应力的同时提高变换器的动态响应能力。

Combined Geoelectrical Approach DC and IP Methods in the Identification of the Mineralized Bodies Parallel to the NE-SW Tectonic Line of Kadei River: Case of Quartz or Pegmatite Gold Bearing Veins of Ngoura Subdivision (East Cameroon)

A geophysical investigation of subsurface structures using the Syscal Junior 48 resistivity-meter was conducted in Ngoura subdivision (East Cameroon) following a combined geoelectrical direct current (DC) approach involving Resistivity and IP methods. This investigation was allowed to collect data on forty-five (45) profiling lines at three acquisition levels (AB = 100 m, MN = 10 m;AB = 200 m, MN = 20 m and AB = 500 m, MN = 50 m) and two electric panels L1 and L4, using the Schlumberger array. Processing, modeling and interpretation of data collected using the Winsev, Res2Dinv and Surfer software helped in highlighting a conductive and strongly mineralized discontinuity in granite formations, which lined up with the NE-SW Kadei tectonic line. It extends beyond 100 m depth over an average width of 600 m. The mineralization associated with this discontinuity is identified by a high concentration of disseminated metalliferous minerals in quartz or pegmatite veins. The mining reconnaissance works in the study area and those of several authors have characterized this anomaly to a lode gold quartz or large pegmatite. The results of this study correlate with geological and tectonic data for the region marked by NE-SW Kadei tectonic line. Therefore, they confirm the reliability of a geoelectrical DC investigation method combining Resistivity and IP to the identification of ore bodies.

直流辉光放电质谱法(DC-GDMS)半定量分析高纯氧化镱中30种杂质元素

在选定的条件下,采用仪器自带的标准相对灵敏度因子(stdRSF)校正结果,测定了高纯氧化镱中30种杂质元素。结果表明,在没有标准物质的情况下,可实现对高纯氧化镱中30种杂质元素的半定量分析。将该方法与国家标准方法进行比对,相对偏差的绝对值<30%。

Simulation Study of the Control Strategy of a DC Inverter Heat Pump Using a DC Distribution Network

Photovoltaics,energy storage,direct current and flexibility(PEDF)are important pillars of achievement on the path to manufacturing nearly zero energy buildings(NZEBs).HVAC systems,which are an important part of public buildings,play a key role in adapting to PDEF systems.This research studied the basic principles and operational control strategies of a DC inverter heat pump using a DC distribution network with the aim of contributing to the development and application of small DC distribution systems.Along with the characteristics of a DC distribution network and different operating conditions,a DC inverter heat pump has the ability to adapt to changes in the DC bus voltage and adds flexibility to the system.Theoretical models of the DC inverter heat pump integrated with an ice storage unit were developed.The control strategies of the DC inverter heat pump system considered the influence of both room temperature and varied bus voltage.A simulation study was conducted using MATLAB&Simulink software with simulation results validated by experimental data.The results showed that:(1)The bus fluctuation under the rated working voltage had little effect on the operation of the unit;(2)When the bus voltage was fluctuating from 80%-90%or 105%-107%,the heat pump could still operate normally by reducing the frequency;(3)When the bus voltage was less than 80%or more than 107%,the unit needed to be shut down for the sake of equipment safety,so that the energy storage device could adjust to the sharp decrease or rise of voltage.