fFabrication of three-dimensional proteinaceous micro- and nano-structures by femtosecond laser cross-linking

Proteins are a class of biomaterials having a vast array of functions, including the catalysis of metabolic reactions, DNA replication, stimuli response and transportation of molecules. Recent progress in laser-based fabrication technologies has enabled the formation of three-dimensional （3D） proteinaceous micro- and nano-structures by femtosecond laser cross-linking, which has expanded the possible applications of proteins. This article reviews the current knowledge andrecent advancements in the femtosecond laser cross-linking of proteins. An overview of previous studies related to fabri-cation using a variety of proteins and detailed discussions of the associated mechanisms are provided. In addition, ad-vances and applications utilizing specific protein functions are introduced. This review thus provides a valuable summaryof the 3D micro- and nano-fabrication of proteins for biological and medical applications.

Bioinspired micro/nanostructured surfaces prepared by femtosecond laser direct writing for multi-functional applications

manufacturing of biomimetic micro/nanostructures due to its specific advantages including high precision,simplicity,and compatibility for diverse materials in comparison with other methods(e.g.ion etching,sol-gel process,chemical vapor deposition,template method,and self-assembly).These biomimetic micro/nanostructured surfaces are of significant interest for academic and industrial research due to their wide range of potential applications,including self-cleaning surfaces,oil-water separation,and fog collection.This review presents the inherent relationship between natural organisms,fabrication methods,micro/nanostructures and their potential applications.Thereafter,we throw a list of current fabrication strategies so as to highlight the advantages of FLDW in manufacturing bioinspired microstructured surfaces.Subsequently,we summarize a variety of typical bioinspired designs(e.g.lotus leaf,pitcher plant,rice leaf,butterfly wings,etc)for diverse multifunctional micro/nanostructures through extreme femtosecond laser processing technology.Based on the principle of interfacial chemistry and geometrical optics,we discuss the potential applications of these functional micro/nanostructures and assess the underlying challenges and opportunities in the extreme fabrication of bioinspired micro/nanostructures by FLDW.This review concludes with a follow up and an outlook of femtosecond laser processing in biomimetic domains.

DLF与SLM激光快速成型方法的比较研究

分别采用激光直接制造(DLF)技术和选择性激光熔化(SLM)技术对不锈钢材料进行一系列的激光快速成型实验,根据实验结果,对比分析DLF和SLM两种方法在成形机理、成型精度、成型效率、适用场合、成型件的力学性能和组织结构等方面的异同。结果表明,SLM技术的成型精度要优于DLF技术;两者成型件都具有较高的力学性能,均优于普通不锈钢;SLM与DLF成型件组织性能基本相同;如果切片层厚相同,SLM的成型效率高于DLF;DLF主要用于粗加工或零件修复等场合,而SLM可用于精密、复杂零件的制造。

The effects of fabrication atmosphere condition on the microstructural and mechanical properties of laser direct manufactured stainless steel 17-4 PH

The effects of atmosphere conditions on microstructural and mechanical properties of stainless steel 17-4PH components fabricated by laser direct manufacturing (LDM) were investigated through mea-surements on phase constitution, porosity, tensile strength, fracture morphology, hardness and evolution of substrate temperature. Results showed that the samples produced in air atmosphere condition pos-sessed higher tensile strength and hardness for both as-deposited and heat-treated states than that in Ar chamber condition, due to dispersion strengthening effect of amorphous oxide particles and nitrogen solution strengthening as a result of higher content of oxygen and nitrogen. The temperature of substrate heat accumulation was higher in Ar chamber condition, leading to dramatically lower porosity and more reverse austenite, which also contributed to the lower strength and hardness.

two-dimensional material functional devices enabled by direct laser fabrication

During the past decades,atomically thin,two-dimensional（2D）layered materials have attracted tremen-dous research interest on both fundamental properties and practical applications because of their extraordinary mechanical,thermal,electrical and optical properties,which are distinct from their counterparts in the bulk format.Various fabrication methods,such as soft-lithography,screen-printing,colloidal-templating and chemical/dry etching have been developed to fabricate micro/ nanostructures in 2D materials.Direct laser fabrication with the advantages of unique three-dimensional（3D）processing capability,arbitrary-shape designability and high fabrication accuracy up to tens of nanometers,which is far beyond the optical diffraction limit,has been widely studied and applied in the fabrication of various micro/ nanostructures of 2D materials for functional devices.This timely review summarizes the laser-matter interaction on 2D materials and the significant advances on laser-assisted 2D materials fabrication toward diverse functional photonics,optoelectronics,and electrochemical energy storage devices.The perspectives and challenges in designing and improving laser fabricated 2D materials devices are discussed as well.

High-speed, large-area and high-precision fabrication of aspheric micro-lens array based on 12-bit direct laser writing lithography

Aspheric micro-lens array(AMLA),featured with low dispersion and diffraction-limited imaging quality,plays an important role in advanced optical imaging.Ideally,the fabrication of commercially applicable AMLAs should feature low cost,high precision,large area and high speed.However,these criteria have been achieved only partially with conventional fabrication process.Herein,we demonstrate the fabrication and characterization of AMLAs based on 12-bit direct laser writing lithography,which exhibits a high fabrication speed,large area,perfect lens shape control via a three-dimensional optical proximity correction and average surface roughness lower than 6 nm.In particular,the AMLAs can be flexibly designed with customized filling factor and arbitrary off-axis operation for each single micro-lens,and the proposed pattern transfer approach with polydimethylsiloxane(PDMS)suggests a low-cost way for mass manufacturing.An auto-stereoscopic-display flexible thin film with excellent display effect has been prepared by using above technology,which exhibits a new way to provide flexible auto-stereoscopic-display at low cost.In brief,the demonstrated fabrication of AMLAs based on direct laser writing lithography reduce the complexity of AMLA fabrication while significantly increasing their performance,suggesting a new route for high-quality three-dimentional optical manufacturing towards simplified fabrication process,high precision and large scale.

Ultrashort pulsed laser induced complex surface structures generated by tailoring the melt hydrodynamics

We present a novel approach for tailoring the laser induced surface topography upon femtosecond(fs)pulsed laser irradiation.The method employs spatially controlled double fs laser pulses to actively regulate the hydrodynamic microfluidic motion of the melted layer that gives rise to the structures formation.The pulse train used,in particular,consists of a previously unexplored spatiotemporal intensity combination including one pulse with Gaussian and another with periodically modulated intensity distribution created by Direct Laser Interference Patterning(DLIP).The interpulse delay is appropriately chosen to reveal the contribution of the microfluidic melt flow,while it is found that the sequence of the Gaussian and DLIP pulses remarkably influences the surface profile attained.Results also demonstrate that both the spatial intensity of the double pulse and the effective number of pulses per irradiation spot can further be modulated to control the formation of complex surface morphologies.The underlying physical processes behind the complex patterns’generation were interpreted in terms of a multiscale model combining electron excitation with melt hydrodynamics.We believe that this work can constitute a significant step forward towards producing laser induced surface structures on demand by tailoring the melt microfluidic phenomena.

激光熔覆直接制造金属零件的组织及力学性能分析

利用激光熔覆直接制造技术,采用不同的路径填充模式制备了不锈钢拉伸试样,对试样进行拉伸试验并对断口进行电镜扫描分析。结果表明,所制备的金属拉伸试样结合强度高,表现为韧性断裂,其屈服强度与断裂强度高于相近成分下常规加工方式所加工试样的相应值。激光扫描方向对拉伸性能的高低没有显著影响。拉伸试样显微组织晶粒细小,具有定向凝固特征。

选择性激光烧结新型扫描方式的研究及实现

选择性激光烧结（Ｓｅｌｅｃｔｉｖｅ ｌａｓｅｒ ｓｉｎｔｅｒｉｎｇ，ＳＬＳ）快速成形技术是近１０年来发展起来的一种先进制造技术，采用此项技术可以显著地缩短产品投放市场的周期，降低成本，提高产品质量，增强企业的竞争能力。而扫描方式是ＳＬＳ成形过程中的一项关键技术，在分析了现有扫描方式及其对ＳＬＳ制件精度、强度以及成形速度影响的基础上，指出了现有扫描方式的缺陷。为了克服这种缺陷，特提出并实现了一种新的分区变向扫描方式及其分区算法，它通过将扫描线段进行分组，以避开截面内孔和凹槽。这种新的分区变向扫描方式及其算法已经成功地应用到华中科技大学开发的ＨＲＰＳ系列ＳＬＳ系统中。实际应用表明：这种新型扫描方式能大幅度地提高烧结成形效率和减小烧结体的翘曲变形量。

激光快速成形技术的发展及其在功能梯度材料制备上的应用

激光快速成形技术集计算机辅助设计、高功率激光熔覆、快速成形于一体,通过激光熔化同步输送的金属或陶瓷粉末,在基板上逐层熔化堆积而形成致密的材料或零件。其离散/堆积的成形特点使得该技术在材料及零件制备上具有很大的柔性,通过精确控制2种或多种材料粉末的输送和相应的工艺可以实现材料组成、微观组织结构和性能的梯度分布及多种材料的集成。介绍了激光快速成形的原理、技术特点、系统组成,着重介绍了国内外采用该技术在制备功能梯度材料方面的研究开发情况,简要分析了利用激光快速成形技术制备功能梯度材料的发展前景。

激光熔覆制备梯度功能涂层的研究现状

介绍了激光熔覆技术的特点及其在材料表面改性中的应用概况,回顾了利用激光熔覆技术制备梯度功能涂层的国内外研究现状。经分析认为,外加强化相与基材热物性差别大是导致涂层开裂失效的主要因素。利用原位合成和基于快速原型的激光直接制造技术制备梯度功能表层或构件是将来的发展方向。

激光超衍射加工机理与研究进展

随着纳米科技和微纳电子器件的发展,制造业对微纳加工技术的要求越来越高.激光加工技术是一种绿色先进制造技术,具有巨大的发展潜力,己广泛应用于不同的制造领域.为实现低成本、高效率、大面积尤其是高精度的激光微纳加工制造,研究和发展激光超衍射加工技术具有十分重要的科学意义和应用价值.本文首先阐述了基于非线性效应的远场激光直写超衍射加工技术的原理与国内外发展状况,包括激光烧蚀加工技术、激光诱导改性加工技术和多光子光聚合加工技术等;然后介绍了几种基于倏逝波的近场激光超衍射加工技术,包括扫描近场光刻技术、表面等离子激元光刻技术等新型超衍射激光近场光刻技术的机理与研究进展;最后对激光超衍射加工中存在的问题及未来发展方向进行了讨论.

激光直写光刻工艺技术研究

研究了利用激光直写技术制作微细图形的工艺方法，应用ＩＳＩ－２８０２型激光直写系统，通过实验，分析了激光曝光机理以及提高实用分辨力的途径。得到了激光直写系统参数与处理工艺参数之间的匹配关系，实验数据对研究制作各种掩模版、衍射光学元件以及ＡＳＩＣ电路都有应用价值。

激光高分子聚合物纳米制造技术及应用进展(特邀)

激光高分子聚合物纳米制造技术是当前国际精密制造领域研究的热点技术.基于双光子、多光子非线性效应以及光激发-光抑制机制,激光制造技术打破了光学衍射极限的限制,能够实现纳米精度的三维立体复杂结构的无掩模快速制造,有力地为相关领域的纳米结构制造需求提供了解决方案.本文简单回顾了激光高分子聚合物纳米制造技术的发展历程,详细阐述了激光技术实现纳米精度制造的原理及其相应的技术特点,介绍了其在微纳光学、光信息存储、仿生材料、生物医学诊疗等多个领域的新发展及应用情况,展望了激光高分子聚合物纳米制造技术未来面临的主要挑战.

芯包复合光纤光栅的飞秒激光制备及其温度特性

该文针对栅区同时存在于纤芯和包层区域的芯包复合光纤光栅展开研究,利用纤芯失配机制建立双波长布拉格谐振与温度传感模型,使用波长800 nm、脉宽35 fs、重频1 kHz的飞秒激光逐线刻写,制备光栅栅距533 nm、栅线长度10μm、栅区长度2000μm的芯包复合光纤光栅,纤芯与包层布拉格谐振分别位于1542.07 nm、1540.09 nm,符合双波长谐振模型。在温度范围50~410℃、步长20℃的测试条件下研究芯包复合光纤光栅的温度特性。实验结果表明,双布拉格谐振波长均随温度升高而产生红移,且纤芯、包层谐振的温度灵敏度分别为10.22 pm/℃、10.45 pm/℃,符合器件温度传感模型预测。芯包复合光纤光栅能产生双峰反射光谱,实现单传感结构、双灵敏系数的功能性扩展,具有巨大的应用价值与潜力。

微粒的激光引导直写技术

基于激光引导直写的堆积成形技术可以操纵微米尺寸的材料微粒进行组装构成微结构。本文介绍了激光引导直写技术的相关原理和研究进展,同时结合实验结果对此操作过程做了探讨,最后对相关应用前景进行了展望。

直接激光制造设备中的软件技术问题研讨

直接激光制造是一种金属粉三维成型新技术。文中在切片程序和CAM数控代码的衔接和处理上,讨论了软件的提高,即提出了每层激光开关位置的随机生成模式,根据高度改变的随机线扫描和固定角度增量线扫描的路径模式,及带空洞的薄壁件的模块规划等改进措施,提高了产品质量及生产效率。

金属粉末激光直接成形的温度场和应力场模拟研究进展

金属粉末激光直接成形技术是一种新型的粉末净近成形方法,能够加工传统方法难以加工的复杂金属零件。由于加工中温度的剧烈变化易引起热应力和残余应力,导致成形件存在翘曲、开裂等缺陷,建立加工过程的温度场应力场模型对进行工艺参数优化与设计尤为必要。总结了金属粉末激光直接成形技术温度场和应力场模拟研究进展,并探讨了这一技术数值模拟的发展方向。

激光直写制备衍射光学元件的研究及应用

衍射光学元件作为一种典型的微光学元件,其体积小、质量轻、设计自由度多、成像质量良好,在光学成像、光学数据存储、激光技术、生物医学等领域具有广阔的应用前景。随着现代光学系统的不断发展,对衍射光学元件的加工效率和制备精度提出了更高的要求。激光直写技术凭借加工精度高、工艺简单、灵活性好等优势,成为制备高精密仪器中关键光学元件所必需的一种加工方式。针对不同的加工需求,开发了多种激光直写系统,并在应用过程中不断地改进升级。另外,突破衍射极限的飞秒激光微纳结构制造技术,能够获得更高的加工精度和更好的分辨率,为微光学元件的制备提供了新的方法。首先介绍了激光直写技术的特点;其次综述了衍射光学元件直写加工技术的研究进展,包括直写技术的影响因素、激光直写系统和多光束加工技术;接着介绍了衍射光学元件的典型应用,如红外成像、色差校正、光束整形、图像显示;最后,对激光直写技术制备衍射光学元件存在的问题和未来发展趋势做出了总结。

激光炭化制备功能化PI织物及其压阻传感性能研究

以聚酰亚胺(PI)织物为基底,采用激光直写炭化法(DLWc)对织物进行刻画,制备具有不同形状和炭化程度的石墨烯/PI织物,并以石墨烯/PI织物制备不同类型的压阻传感器;探讨了激光功率和激光束扫描速度对石墨烯/PI织物导电性的影响,以及压阻传感器的压阻传感能力。结果表明:在激光功率为7 W、激光束扫描速度为150 mm/s的条件下,石墨烯/PI织物具有良好的导电性,电阻可达5Ω左右,且能够保持PI织物原本的力学性能;制备的应力传感器具有良好的压阻传感性能,应变灵敏系数为4.51×10^(-7) Pa^(-1),响应时间达50 ms,其他类型传感器如肘部弯曲-回复循环传感器、指关节不同角度弯曲传感器和双层梳型交叉结构传感器在循环测试中均表现出良好压阻传感性能,并具有良好的稳定性与重复性,且在100℃高温下仍能维持其良好的传感性能。