A study of acupoint specificity and mechanism of electroacupuncture intervention on chronic colitis in rats based on PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway

Objective:This study aimed to elucidate the differences in effects and mechanisms of action of electric-needle therapy at Tian Shu(ST25),Da Chang Shu(BL25),Zu San Li(ST36)and Shang Ju Xu(ST37)acupoints on chronic experimental colitis in rats through the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway.Methods:Sixty pathogen-free SD rats were randomly assigned to six groups:the normal,model,Tian Shu(ST25),Da Chang Shu(BL25),Zu San Li(ST36)and Shang Ju Xu(ST37)groups,each with 10 rats.Chronic colitis was induced in rats by combining immunization and local stimulation.After model establishment,electrical needle intervention combined with dispersing wave of 2 Hz/50 Hz with a current intensity of 2 mA once daily for 20 min was applied on acupoints of each group.Subsequently,the inflammation of colonic mucosa and serum levels of inflammatory factors(IL-23,IL-17,IL-10)were observed;ELISA was used to detect mRNA expressions of PI3K,Akt and mTOR in colitic tissues by RT-PCR as well as protein content of p-PI3k/PI3K,p-Akt/Akt,and p-mTOR/mTOR in colitic tissues by Western blotting.Result:Compared with the normal group,the model rats showed a poor general condition,serious damage to the colonic mucosa with a large number of inflammatory cells infiltration.The serum IL-23 and IL-17 expressions were significantly increased(P<0.01),while the serum IL-10 expression was significantly decreased(P<0.01);the mRNA and protein expressions of PI3K,Akt,mTOR and p-PI3K,p-Akt and p-mTOR were significantly increased(P<0.05,P<0.01).Compared with the model group,the pathological slices of rats in each acupoints intervention group showed obvious improvement of colitis inflammatory reaction and tissue damage;the serological levels of IL-23 and IL-17 were significantly reduced(P<0.01),while the serology level of IL-10 was significantly increased(P<0.01);the expressions of PI3K,Akt,mTOR mRNA and p-PI3K,p-Akt,p-mTOR proteins were significantly decreased(P<0.05,P<0.01).Compared with Tian Shu(ST25),Da Chang Shu(BL25),Zu San Li(ST36)groups,the recovery degree of mucosa layers in Shang Ju Xu(ST37)group was closer to that of normal group,and the curative effect was relatively the best;in terms of serological levels of IL-23 and IL-17,the Shang Ju Xu(ST37)group was significantly lower(P<0.05),while the level of IL-10 was significantly higher(P<0.01);the expressions of PI3K,Akt,mTOR mRNA and p-PI3K,p-Akt,p-mTOR proteins were significantly decreased(P<0.05,P<0.01).Conclusion:Results indicate that electrical acupuncture at Tian Shu(ST25),Da Chang Shu(BL25),Zu San Li(ST36)and Shang Ju Xu(ST37)show similar effects in relieving the colitis-induced damage in the mucosa of chronic colitis rats,as well as inflammatory response.Among them,Shang Ju Xu(ST25)has a superior overall effect in treating chronic colitis compared to Tian Shu(ST25),Da Chang Shu(BL25)and Zu San Li(ST36).The mechanism may be related to inhibition of PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway.

基于chirplet path tracing-VMD的变转速信号故障特征提取

针对变分模态分解方法在提取故障特征时处理非平稳信号能力不足的情况,提出基于线调频小波路径追踪(chirplet path tracing)的自适应改进变分模态分解(variational mode decomposition,VMD)方法。该方法首先利用线调频小波路径追踪算法由非平稳信号得到估计转速变化曲线;其次对目标信号进行等角度重采样,通过转速变化曲线将信号从时域转化为角域;再次采用奇异值分解确定角域信号的降噪阶次,当该阶次自适应变分模态分解的分量个数后,对重采样信号进行变分模态分解处理;最后对分解后的各信号分量进行Hilbert包络谱分析,从而提取故障特征。通过对齿轮箱轴承故障进行仿真和实验验证,表明该方法能有效提取变转速信号的故障特征。

Mechanical properties and charge signal characteristics in coal material failure under different loading paths

Rock burst is a catastrophic dynamic disaster caused by sudden failure and instability of coal, loading paths play an important role in the failure of coal, the coal failure process is associated with charge exception infonnation. Hence, violent coal failure mechanics and time-frequency domain distribution of charge signal such as rock burst under different loading paths should be studied in-depth. In this paper, grade and cyclic loading test were carried out for coal with impact tendency samples produced by blocks cored from 800 depth in Xiaoqing coal mine of the Tiefa coal group in northeast China. Theory discussion was carried out for the result of stress and strain, frequency-spectra analysis was conducted for the wavelet charge data, figures showing the evolution mechanism of mechanical properties and the relationship of timefrequency domain amplitude of charge signals in coal with different loading paths and stage were obtained. The failure process and characteristics of coal under different loading paths were summarized. It found that the loading path changed the manner of energy accelerate-release, there were more plastic strain generation in coal under cyclic loading than that under grade loading, the former was more likely to cause greater damage and failure, then the strength of coal under cyclic loading is generally lower than that under grade loading, an energy conversion mechanical model of stress, damage and deformation was developed and explained the effect of the loading path. Charge signal was primarily distributed in the strengthening and peak stages, where there was a high amplitude pulse at each stress drop. The charge pulse was a type of low frequency signal with a primary frequency distribution range of 1 -100Hz. Discussion on the charge generating mechanism from the perspective of friction slip, it demonstrated that the charge obtained during the coal failure process directly to stress loaded on and damage, the result verified it better. We propose that the research results in this study could be efficiently applied to daily mining activities, to provide an early warning and effectively avoid rock burst disaster.

Signal Path Reckoning Localization Method in Multipath Environment

In the wireless localization application, multipath propagation seriously affects the localization accuracy. This paper presents two algorithms to solve the multipath problem. Firstly, we improve the Line of Possible Mobile Device(LPMD) algorithm by optimizing the utilization of the direct paths for single-bound scattering scenario. Secondly, the signal path reckoning method with the assistance of geographic information system is proposed to solve the problem of localization with multi-bound scattering paths. With the building model's idealization, the proposed method refers to the idea of ray tracing and dead reckoning. According to the rule of wireless signal reflection, the signal propagation path is reckoned using the measurements of emission angle and propagation distance, and then the estimated location can be obtained. Simulation shows that the proposed method obtains better results than the existing geometric localization methods in multipath environment when the angle error is controlled.

The Analysis of Relationship between MSTN/Smad Signal Path and Turpan Black Sheep Meat Production

The research analyzed the expression and difference of MSTN/Smad signal path genes(MSTN, Smad2, Smad3,Smad4, TGFBR1, TGFBR2) in Turpan black sheep muscle tissue, as well as the correlation with some growth indices. Besides,the research used the fluorescence quantitative PCR technique to detect the expression level of MSTN, Smad2, Smad3, Smad4,TGFBR1 and TGFBR2 genes in m RNA of Turpan black sheep muscle. The research also used conventional and histological methods to determine the muscle growth and meat producibility indices, discussed the relationship between MSTN/Smad signal path and muscle growth and meat production. The result shows that these genes are expressed in Turpan black sheep muscle tissues, and have some relationship with body weight, height, length, chest circumference, hoof circumference, carcass and dressing percentage. The MSTN gene is negatively correlated with body weight(r = 0.993, P < 0.05), and hoof circumference(r= 0.957, p < 0.01), but has no significant correlation with body height, length, carcass weight, dressing percentages(P > 0.05);Smad2 gene shows significantly negative correlation the with dressing percentage(r = 0.918, p < 0.05), but no significant correlation with body weight, height, length, chest circumference, hoof circumference and carcass(P > 0.05); Smad3 gene shows no significant correlation with any of them(P > 0.05); Smad4, TGFBR1, TGFBR2 did not show any significant relationship with body height, length, chest circumference, weight and dressing percentage(P > 0.05).

The Study on the Function of BAG-1Gene and its Related Signaling Pathway in Human Lung Cancer Cells

Background and Objective Apotosis is a programmed cell death process which can be induced by ectoor intra-cellular signals. Recent study indicates that genesis and development

Total flavonoids of Scutellaria barbata improving podocyte injury induced by high glucose through Smad4/PKM2/HIF‑1α pathway

Objective: To observe the effect of total flavonoids of Scutellaria barbata (TF‑SB) on the injury of high glucose induced podocytes (MPC‑5) and the influence of Smad4/PKM2/HIF‑1α pathway. Methods: Firstly, CCK8 was used to analyze the safety and efficacy concentration of TF‑SB on MPC‑5 cells. Then, MPC‑5 was then divided into the control group, model group and TF‑SB group. In addition to the control group, model group and TF‑SB group were induced by high glucose to establish MPC‑5 cell injury model. The effects of TF‑SB on ATP, apoptosis and ROS levels of MPC‑5 cells were detected respectively. The contents of IL‑1β, TNF‑α, and MCP‑1 were determined by ELISA, the expression abundance of glycolytic genes (GLU1, PFK1 and HK1) were detected by RT‑PCR. Western blot method was used to detect the expression level of related proteins in Smad4/PKM2/HIF‑1α pathway. Results: Compared with the blank group, ATP content, GLU1, PKF1 and HK1 expression abundance of MPC‑5 cells in the model group decreased significantly, apoptosis, ROS level and IL‑1 β、 TNF‑ α And MCP‑1 significantly increased (P<0.01);Compared with model group, ATP content, GLU1, PKF1 and HK1 expression abundance, apoptosis, ROS level and IL‑1β in TF‑SB group were significantly increased , TNF‑ α The contents of MCP‑1 and MCP‑1 decreased significantly (P<0.01). In addition, compared with the blank group, the model group Smad4 and HIF‑1 α The protein expression and PKM2 expression in nucleus were significantly increased, while PKM2 expression in cytoplasm was significantly decreased (P<0.01);Compared with model group, TF‑SB group Smad4, HIF‑1 α The expression of PKM2 in the nucleus and expression of PKM2 were significantly decreased, while the expression of PKM2 in the cytoplasm was significantly increased (P<0.01). Conclusion: TF‑SB promotes the mitochondrial activity of MPC‑5 cells to induce glycolysis, and then inhibits the secretion of inflammation, which may play a role in treating diabetes nephropathy by inhibiting Smad4/PKM2/HIF‑1α signaling pathway.

黄芩苷对多杀性巴氏杆菌感染猪巨噬细胞后炎症因子表达及信号通路影响的研究

为研究不同浓度黄芩苷对多杀性巴氏杆菌(Pm)HN-13株感染的猪巨噬细胞(HD11)内炎症因子表达的影响及与炎症信号通路的相互作用关系,本研究采用western blot检测HN-13株感染(0、30 min、60 min、90 min)HD11细胞中促分裂原活化蛋白激酶(MAPK)信号通路3个关键蛋白(p-ERK/ERK、p-p38/p38、p-JNK/JNK)的表达水平;采用ELISA和荧光定量RT-PCR(RT-qPCR)分析检测低浓度剂量黄芩苷(L组,20μmol/L)、中浓度剂量黄芩苷(M组,40μmol/L)和高浓度剂量黄芩苷(H组,60μmol/L)对Pm感染的猪巨噬细胞内肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)和IL-1β分泌水平及其m RNA转录水平的影响,同时设置对照组(Control)和模型组(HN-13);利用抑制剂SCH772984阻断ERK通路,采用ELISA和RT-qPCR检测黄岑苷对Pm感染的HD11细胞内炎症因子TNF-α、IL-6和IL-1β表达及m RNA转录水平的影响,同时设置对照组(Control)、模型组(HN-13)、抑制组(HN-13+抑制剂)。结果显示:与HN-13株处理0 min组相比,随着感染时间的延长,HN-13株感染HD11细胞中p-ERK/ERK的蛋白表达量逐渐升高(P<0.01),而p-p38/p38和p-JNK/JNK蛋白表达量均未发生显著变化(P>0.05),表明,HN-13株可使HD11细胞炎症相关ERK通路蛋白表达增强,且与作用时间呈正相关。与模型组(HN-13)相比,3个浓度剂量的黄芩苷均显著抑制TNF-α、IL-6和IL-1β的分泌水平及m RNA转录水平(P<0.05),且抑制作用随着黄芩苷浓度升高而增强。与抑制组相比,黄芩苷与抑制剂共处理组可以显著抑制HN-13感染的HD11细胞中TNF-α、IL-1β和IL-6的分泌及m RNA转录水平(P<0.05)。综上所述,黄芩苷可以抑制Pm感染的HD11细胞中ERK通路相关蛋白的表达和分泌,进而发挥抗炎作用。本研究为研制防治Pm引起的猪肺疫的新药提供了思路。

温胆汤含药血清对10 mmol/L谷氨酸环境下星型胶质细胞PI3K、Akt、mTOR表达的影响

目的 探讨温胆汤含药血清对10 mmol/L谷氨酸诱导的大鼠星型胶质细胞凋亡、周期及磷脂酰肌醇3-激酶(phosphoinositide 3-kinase, PI3K)、蛋白激酶B(protein kinase B,Akt)、哺乳动物雷帕霉素靶蛋白(mammalian target of rapamycin, mTOR)表达的影响。方法 将60只SPF级SD雄性大鼠随机分为5组,其中正常组20只,氯氮平组和温胆汤高、中、低剂量组各10只。正常组予20 g/kg 0.9%氯化钠溶液灌胃,氯氮平组予氯氮平原药20 mg/kg灌胃,温胆汤高、中、低剂量组分别予40、20、10 g/kg温胆汤灌胃,1次/d,共8 d。处死大鼠后取血,离心取血清,灭活除菌,EP管分装备用。将大鼠星型胶质细胞分为正常血清组、模型血清组,氯氮平含药血清组和温胆汤高、中、低剂量含药血清组,除正常血清组外,其余各组予10μmol/mL谷氨酸处理48 h后,流式细胞仪检测细胞凋亡和细胞周期;Western bloting、Real-time PCR分别测定细胞PI3K、Akt、mTOR蛋白和mRNA表达。结果 温胆汤含药血清可明显降低谷氨酸环境下大鼠星型胶质细胞凋亡率(P<0.01)和G0/G1期细胞占比(P<0.05),升高S期及G2/M期细胞占比;降低细胞P-P13K/P13K、P-ATK/AKT、P-mTOR/mTOR蛋白表达比值(温胆汤低剂量血清组除外,P<0.05)和细胞PI3K、Akt、mTOR mRNA表达(温胆汤低剂量血清组除外,P<0.01)。结论 温胆汤含药血清可有效调节大鼠星形胶质细胞PI3K、Akt、mTOR表达,达到保护神经细胞的目的,这可能是温胆汤治疗精神分裂症的作用机制之一。

基于多频带路径签名特征的癫痫脑电图信号分类方法

基于脑电图(EEG)信号的癫痫自动检测对癫痫的临床诊断和治疗有很大的帮助。由于大部分癫痫识别算法忽略了EEG信号的时序关系,为此,文中提出了一种基于多频带路径签名特征的癫痫EEG信号分类方法。此方法首先将EEG信号分解成5个不同频段的频带信号,再通过路径签名算法进行特征提取,然后采用局部主成分分析去除特征相关性并进行特征融合,最后将融合特征送入集成分类器中进行预测分类。由于路径签名可以更深入地挖掘EEG信号的相关关系,结合局部主成分分析后,文中方法可以获取更有鉴别性的癫痫分类特征。分别在时长超过2 000 s癫痫发作片段的本地医院私有数据集和开源的CHB-MIT癫痫数据集上,选用10折交叉进行实验验证,结果表明:在私有数据集上,文中方法的平均分类准确率达到97.25%,比经典的基于经验模态分解(EMD)的方法提高了3.44个百分点,比最新的基于长短期记忆网络(LSTM)+卷积神经网络(CNN)的方法提高了1.35个百分点;在CHB-MIT数据集上,文中方法的平均分类准确率达到98.11%,比经典的基于EMD的方法提高了5.20个百分点,比最新的基于LSTM+CNN的方法提高了2.64个百分点;在两个数据集上文中方法的分类准确率均优于其他对比方法。

白藜芦醇通过阻断JAK激酶2/信号转导及转录活化因子3信号通路抑制食管癌细胞增殖和迁移并诱导其凋亡的作用研究

目的探究白藜芦醇对人食管癌细胞增殖、凋亡、迁移及JAK激酶2/信号转导及转录活化因子3(JAK2/STAT3)信号通路的调控作用。方法2021年7月至2022年7月,体外培养人食管癌OE19细胞,将细胞分为对照组(不做干预)和实验组(15、30、60、90和120μmol/L白藜芦醇干预24 h)进行预实验,根据细胞计数试剂盒(CCK-8)预实验结果,筛选有显著作用且细胞活力高于50%的30、60、90μmol/L白藜芦醇进行后续的实验,后续实验又分为对照组(不做干预)、30、60、90μmol/L白藜芦醇组(30、60和90μmol/L白藜芦醇)和30μmol/L白藜芦醇+抑制剂组(30μmol/L白藜芦醇+10μmol/L JAK2/STAT3通路抑制剂AG490),干预24 h。用5-乙炔基-2'脱氧尿嘧啶核苷(EdU)、Hoechst 33258染色、Transwell、实时荧光定量PCR(RT-qPCR)及蛋白质印迹法对细胞增殖率、凋亡情况、迁移数及细胞周期蛋白D1(cyclin D1)、胱天蛋白酶-3(caspase-3)和JAK2/STAT3相关因子表达水平进行分析。结果不同浓度实验组的细胞活力与对照组相比逐渐降低,其中30、60、90和120μmol/L白藜芦醇差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),但120μmol/L白藜芦醇组细胞活力低于50%,所以本研究选择30、60和90μmol/L白藜芦醇继续后续实验;60μmol/L白藜芦醇组细胞增殖率(41.49±5.06)%、迁移细胞数(36.67±2.52)个显著低于对照组(53.34±1.99)%、(58.00±2.00)个,凋亡细胞数(7.67±1.53)个显著高于对照组(2.50±0.71)个,且cyclin D1、p-JAK2和p-STAT3表达量也低于对照组,caspase-3 mRNA和蛋白表达水平高于对照组(P<0.05);30、90μmol/L白藜芦醇组以上各指标与对照组比较同样如此。与30μmol/L白藜芦醇组相比,30μmol/L白藜芦醇+抑制剂组以上各指标变化更显著(P<0.05)。结论白藜芦醇可通过抑制JAK2/STAT3通路抑制人食管癌OE19细胞的增殖和迁移并诱导凋亡。

基于手机信令HMM轨迹映射的交通方式识别算法

为解决手机信令数据稀疏性限制和重构轨迹特征提取与融合能力不足问题,提出一种出行轨迹重构与多源特征融合的交通方式精准识别算法。构建刻画基站信号传播路径损耗与信号强度的无线信号损耗模型,利用隐马尔可夫模型(hidden markov model,HMM)将手机信令轨迹由基站序列重构为路段节点序列,提出基于无线信号传播隐马尔可夫模型(wireless signal propagation hidden markov model,WP-HMM)的出行轨迹重构方法,用以描述信号强度与距离作用关系。基于出行重构后的轨迹,结合路段类型特征,提出了时空标准化相似性度量算法,以融合导航轨迹特征,并构建了基于随机森林(random forest,RF)的交通方式识别算法。实证分析表明:通过出行轨迹的重构,模型的平均识别精度提高了8%以上,且对新样本具有优异的泛化能力;相较于现有方法,时空标准化相似性度量算法能更准确捕捉轨迹间的移动模式;在不同环境下的轨迹识别中,模型在郊区区域的表现显著高于城区。所提算法在大规模手机信令数据的出行方式识别领域具有重要的应用价值。

基于HMGB1/TLR4/NF-κB通路研究鱼油延缓气道重塑治疗哮喘的作用机制

目的:探讨鱼油通过HMGB1/TLR4/NF-κB信号通路延缓气道重塑,治疗哮喘的潜在作用机制及其疗效,为哮喘的新型治疗策略提供理论依据和实验支持。方法:采用Ovalbumin(OVA)诱导的哮喘小鼠模型,随机分为对照组、模型组、鱼油组、鱼油+E5564组,每组10只,共40只;4组小鼠,通过肺功能测试仪对比气道阻力,酶联免疫吸附试验判断运用TLR4抑制剂前后的IL-1β、IL-6、TNF-α、IL-10炎症因子水平,苏木精—伊红染色观察肺组织病理变化,逆转录定量聚合酶链反应对比Bax、caspase-3、Bcl2的mRNA表达水平,免疫印迹分析观察Bax、caspase-3、Active-caspase3、HMGB1、TLR4、NF-κB、p-NF-κB p65的蛋白表达量,免疫组化法观察HMGB1、TLR4、NF-κB的蛋白表达水平。结果:气道阻力测试表明,鱼油组小鼠的气道阻力显著降低,肺组织病理损伤减轻,炎症细胞浸润明显减少;HE染色结果表明降低,鱼油组小鼠的气道损伤更小,炎症细胞浸润和上皮细胞排列紊乱更少;ELISA结果显示,鱼油组小鼠的血清炎症因子IL-1β、IL-6、TNF-α的表达降低,并提高了IL-10的表达,而鱼油+E5564组的血清炎症因子水平与模型组相近;RT-qPCR结果表明,鱼油组小鼠的Bax、caspase-3的mRNA表达量较低,Bcl2的mRNA表达量较高;WB结果表明,鱼油组小鼠的Bax、caspase-3、Active-caspase3、HMGB1、TLR4、NF-κB、p-NF-κB p65蛋白表达量更低,而鱼油+E5564组小鼠HMGB1、TLR4、NF-κB及p-NF-κB p65蛋白表达量与模型组小鼠相近;IHC结果表明,鱼油组小鼠HMGB1、TLR4、NF-κB蛋白表达量更低,与WB结果趋同。结论:鱼油通过影响HMGB1/TLR4/NF-κB信号通路,显著减轻哮喘小鼠模型的气道炎症和重塑,提高肺功能,显示出作为哮喘潜在治疗剂的可能性;该研究为鱼油在哮喘治疗领域的应用提供了实验依据,但需要进一步的临床研究来验证其疗效和安全性。

PLA2G4C通过p38/MAPK信号通路介导线粒体自噬促进DLBCL进展的实验研究

目的研究磷脂酶A2ⅣC组(phospholipase A2 groupⅣC,PLA2G4C)在弥漫性大B细胞淋巴瘤(diffuse large B-cell lymphoma,DLBCL)中的作用及其可能调节机制。方法通过免疫印迹法(Western blot)检测PLA2G4C在DLBCL组织和细胞中的表达。构建PLA2G4C过表达或敲低表达的DLBCL细胞系,后用自噬抑制剂氯喹(Chloroquine,CQ)或p38抑制剂SB203580处理细胞24h。实时定量聚合酶链反应(qRT-PCR)检测PLA2G4C转染效率;Western blot检测PLA2G4C蛋白、线粒体自噬相关蛋白[微管相关蛋白1轻链3-Ⅱ/Ⅰ(microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3-Ⅱ/Ⅰ,MAP1 LC3Ⅱ/Ⅰ),Beclin1,p62,PTEN诱导激酶1(PTEN induced putative kinase 1,PINK1)和Parkin],p38/丝裂原激活蛋白激酶(mitogen activated protein kinases,MAPK)通路相关蛋白[磷酸化p38/MAPK(phosphorylated-p38/MAPK,p-p38/MAPK)]表达水平;CCK-8法、Transwell实验和流式细胞术分别检测细胞增殖、侵袭和凋亡能力。进一步构建异种移植瘤裸鼠模型,观察PLA2G4C对裸鼠体内肿瘤生长及线粒体自噬的影响。结果DLBCL患者淋巴瘤组织中PLA2G4C蛋白表达显著高于反应性增生淋巴结组织(3.47±0.42 vs 1.01±0.02),差异具有统计学意义(t=-37.002,P<0.001);DLBCL细胞中PLA2G4C蛋白水平显著高于人淋巴母细胞样细胞系和B细胞淋巴瘤细胞系,差异具有统计学意义(F=73.771,P<0.001)。沉默PLA2G4C显著降低DLBCL细胞活力和侵袭能力,诱导细胞凋亡(t=6.909~11.390);过表达PLA2G4C后结果与之相反(t=2.392~19.778),差异具有统计学意义(均P<0.001)。且过表达PLA2G4C显著促进线粒体自噬的发生,而CQ或SB203580处理则可显著逆转PLA2G4C过表达对DLBCL细胞生物学行为及线粒体自噬的作用。体内裸鼠实验显示,敲低PLA2G4C显著抑制移植瘤裸鼠体内肿瘤生长及线粒体自噬相关蛋白表达,差异具有统计学意义(t=13.816~25.926,均P<0.001)。结论PLA2G4C在DLBCL中表达显著上调,可能通过促进p38/MAPK信号通路介导的线粒体自噬,促进肿瘤细胞增殖和侵袭,抑制细胞凋亡,参与DLBCL的发生发展。

无线紫外光MIMO通信系统信道容量估算方法

无线紫外光通信系统易受大气散射等因素的影响,导致通信信道容量估算准确率较低。为此,提出一种无线紫外光多入多出(Multiple-Input Multiple-Output, MIMO)通信系统信道容量估算方法。根据信道特征,构建无线紫外光MIMO通信系统的信道容量估计模型,获取无线紫外光的单次散射传输特性,利用符号补码式的方法改进空时编码,设定高级检测器中符号的接收能耗,使每个符号保持在标准功率数值范围内,完成通信系统信道检测式编码。根据不同发射角和接收角计算无线紫外光通信的路径损耗比,通过泊松随机分布获得最终通信系统信道容量的估算结果。实验结果表明,所提方法的传输速率可高达8 Mbps,误码率始终低于10-3bit/s,估算准确率在90%以上,估计时间低于4 ms,估算效果好,可为通信行业发展提供理论依据。

冬凌草甲素介导Notch信号通路对多发性骨髓瘤细胞生长水平、凋亡率及异常转化情况研究

目的探究冬凌草甲素介导Notch信号通路对多发性骨髓瘤细胞生长水平、凋亡率及异常转化情况。方法选取U266细胞、RPMI8226细胞和KAS-6/1细胞,采用CCK8法检测细胞生长水平,采用酶标仪492 nm处检测光密度检测物厚度D值测定细胞的生长抑制率,随后采用流式细胞仪检测RPMI8226细胞和U266细胞的凋亡情况,最后对所检测细胞进行异常转化的观察。结果研究组U266细胞、RPMI8226细胞和KAS-6/1细胞的生长水平均明显低于对照组(P<0.05)。研究组干预后Notch 1-siRNA与核因子κB(NF-κB)-siRNA表达水平变化明显优于对照组(P<0.05)。研究组RPMI8226细胞、U266细胞凋亡率明显优于对照组(P<0.05)。研究组异常转染、异常克隆、异常增生的发生率明显低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论冬凌草甲素能够明显抑制多发性骨髓瘤U266细胞、RPMI8226细胞、KAS-6/1细胞体外生长,有效激活Notch信号通路调节诱导肿瘤细胞凋亡过程,值得临床推广应用。

薏苡附子败酱散通过抗三结构域蛋白21-Toll样受体4-t-核因子-κB信号通路对类风湿关节炎MH7A细胞的影响

目的观察不同浓度薏苡附子败酱散对肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)诱导的类风湿关节炎成纤维细胞(MH7A)增殖、凋亡及炎症反应的影响,探究其作用机制。方法2022年2―8月,大鼠用不同浓度薏苡附子败酱散及蒸馏水灌胃制备含药血清;20μg/L的TNF-α处理的MH7A细胞记为TNF-α组,TNF-α+含药血清处理的MH7A细胞记为薏苡附子败酱散低浓度组、薏苡附子败酱散中浓度组、薏苡附子败酱散高浓度组,正常培养的MH7A细胞标记为对照组。细胞计数试剂盒(CCK8)、流式细胞术、酶联免疫吸附测定(ELISA)检测细胞的存活、凋亡及白细胞介素(IL)-1β、干扰素(IFN)-γ;蛋白质印迹法(WB)检测基质金属蛋白酶(MMP)-3、MMP-9、抗三结构域蛋白21(TRIM21)、Toll样受体4(TLR4)、t-核因子(NF)-κB p65、磷酸化(p)-NF-κB p65、p-NF-κB抑制因子(IκB)-α和t-IκB-α蛋白表达。pcDNA 3.1组(转染空载体)、pcDNA+TRIM21组(转染pcDNA 3.1+TRIM21)、薏苡附子败酱散中浓度+si-con组(转染si-con+4.70 g/kg含药血清)、薏苡附子败酱散中浓度+si-TRIM21组(转染si-TRIM21+4.70 g/kg含药血清)。结果与对照组相比,TNF-α组细胞存活率(105.07±1.90比185.67±3.06)、TRIM21(0.56±0.02比0.68±0.04)、MMP-3(0.18±0.00比0.63±0.02)、MMP-9(0.39±0.01比0.82±0.01)、TLR4(0.25±0.02比0.68±0.07)、p-NF-κB p65(0.24±0.01比0.68±0.06)、p-IκB-α(0.22±0.01比0.55±0.04)蛋白表达和IL-1β(31.65±0.66比101.93±0.60)、IFN-γ(8.53±0.16比63.76±1.35)含量均显著升高,凋亡率(6.54±0.06比1.17±0.08)均显著降低;与TNF-α组相比,薏苡附子败酱散低浓度组(185.67±3.06比153.77±3.09;0.68±0.04比0.37±0.02;0.63±0.02比0.47±0.02;0.82±0.01比0.73±0.01;103.2±0.7比92.93±0.85;66.3±1.45比54.47±1.46;0.68±0.07比0.53±0.05;0.68±0.06比0.53±0.06;0.55±0.04比0.47±0.01;1.84±0.07比6.67±0.28)、薏苡附子败酱散中浓度组(185.67±3.06比136.23±1.57;0.68±0.04比0.57±0.02;0.63±0.02比0.37±0.02;0.82±0.01比0.57±0.00;103.2±0.7比86.4±0.75;66.3±1.45比38.1±0.92;0.68±0.07比0.43±0.07;0.68±0.06比0.59±0.01;0.55±0.04比0.40±0.03;1.84±0.07比9.59±0.29)、薏苡附子败酱散高浓度组(185.67±3.06比143.47±1.50;0.68±0.04比0.47±0.02;0.63±0.02比0.41±0.05;0.82±0.01比0.62±0.00;103.2±0.7比89.63±0.42;66.3±1.45比40.17±0.90;0.68±0.07比0.51±0.06;0.68±0.06比0.69±0.07;0.55±0.04比0.41±0.02;1.84±0.07比8.89±0.08)细胞存活率、TRIM21、MMP-3、MMP-9蛋白和IL-1β、IFN-γ含量及TLR4、p-NF-κB p65、p-IκB-α蛋白表达均显著降低,凋亡率均显著升高(P<0.05);与pcDNA组相比,pcDNA+TRIM21组细胞TRIM21蛋白表达(0.24±0.03比0.51±0.04)、细胞凋亡率(1.61±0.11比12.43±0.61)均显著升高,MMP-3(0.64±0.02比0.41±0.04)、MMP-9(0.82±0.03比0.45±0.02)、IL-1β(110.63±0.55比90.93±0.60)、IFN-γ(64.5±0.82比48.1±1.25)及细胞存活率(179.03±0.74比120.07±0.60)均显著降低;敲减TRIM21显著抑制薏苡附子败酱散中浓度对损伤细胞的治疗作用且显著升高TLR4(0.45±0.06比0.61±0.02)、p-NF-κB p65(0.49±0.02比0.56±0.02)、p-IκB-α(0.38±0.01比0.62±0.01)的蛋白表达。结论薏苡附子败酱散增强TNF-α诱导的MH7A细胞的生存能力,其作用机制与上调TRIM21抑制TLR4-NF-κB信号通路活性有关。

中风活心软胶囊通过PPARγ受体上调STAT3磷酸化激活PI3K/AKT通路抑制脑缺血再灌注损伤内质网应激的作用机制研究

目的探讨中风活心软胶囊介导过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体γ(peroxisome proliferator-activated receptorγ,PPARγ)受体上调信号传导转录激活因子3(signal transducer and activator of transcription 3,STAT3)磷酸化诱导磷脂酰肌醇-3-激酶(phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase,PI3K)/丝氨酸/苏氨酸蛋白激酶(BAKT serine/threonine kinase,AKT)信号通路参与脑缺血再灌注损伤内质网(endoplasmic reticulum,ER)应激和神经保护的作用机制研究,阐明中风活心软胶囊对脑缺血后神经损伤修复的调控机制。方法选取30只SPF级雄性SD大鼠,随机分为对照组、模型组和治疗组,采用Zea Longa法建立右侧大脑中动脉缺血(middle cerebral artery ischemia,MCAI)大鼠模型,采用改良神经功能损伤评分(modified neurological severity score,mNSS)评估大鼠神经功能缺损情况,以mNSS评分2~18分为造模成功。仅治疗组给予中风活心软胶囊。Western blot法分别检测缺血半暗区皮质PPARγ受体蛋白、STAT3磷酸化蛋白、PI3K/AKT信号通路蛋白的表达,检测ER应激标记分子葡萄糖调节蛋白78(glucose-regulated protein 78,GRP78)及真核翻译起始因子2α激酶3(PKR-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase,PERK)-激活转录因子4(activating transcription factor 4,ATF4)-C/EBP同源蛋白(C/EBP-homologous protein,CHOP)通路蛋白表达水平。结果模型组大鼠神经功能缺损情况,透射电镜观察缺血半暗区皮质神经元显著减少,提示右侧MCAI大鼠模型构建成功。模型组、治疗组mNSS评分均高于对照组,但治疗组低于模型组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。模型组大鼠缺血区PPARγ受体蛋白、STAT3磷酸化蛋白、PI3K及AKT蛋白表达均低于对照组与治疗组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);治疗组与对照组各指标比较差异无统计学意义。治疗组、模型组大鼠缺血区GRP78、PERK、ATF4和CHOP蛋白表达均高于对照组,但治疗组均低于模型组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论中风活心软胶囊可显著提高脑缺血大鼠缺血半暗区皮质PPARγ受体蛋白、STAT3磷酸化蛋白、PI3K/AKT信号通路蛋白表达,其作用机制可能是通过介导PPARγ受体上调STAT3磷酸化诱导PI3K/AKT信号通路参与脑缺血再灌注损伤ER应激和神经保护,从而发挥脑保护效应。

基于Fas/FasL信号通路探索舒芬太尼对急性心肌梗死大鼠心功能和心肌细胞凋亡的影响

目的基于脂肪酸合成酶(Fas)/脂肪酸合成酶配体(FasL)信号通路探索舒芬太尼对急性心肌梗死(AMI)大鼠心功能和心肌细胞凋亡的影响。方法选择健康雄性SD大鼠108只,适应性饲养7天,随机分为对照组、模型组、舒芬太尼低剂量组、舒芬太尼高剂量组、舒芬太尼高剂量+Fas阴性对照组、舒芬太尼高剂量+Fas慢病毒组,每组18只。模型组、舒芬太尼低剂量组、舒芬太尼高剂量组、舒芬太尼高剂量+Fas阴性对照组、舒芬太尼高剂量+Fas慢病毒组通过冠状动脉左前降支结扎法制作AMI模型;对照组除不结扎冠状动脉左前降支外,其余步骤与AMI模型相同。舒芬太尼低剂量组和舒芬太尼高剂量组分别于AMI模型制作成功后腹腔注射0.1、1µg/kg舒芬太尼。舒芬太尼高剂量+Fas阴性对照组和舒芬太尼高剂量+Fas慢病毒组分别于AMI模型制作成功后腹腔注射1µg/kg舒芬太尼,尾静脉注射200 nmol/kg NC shRNA慢病毒或Fas shRNA慢病毒。对照组和模型组腹腔注射等量生理盐水。术后72 h,采集大鼠尾静脉血,采用ELISA法检测血清肌钙蛋白T;采用超声心动图检测左心室射血分数(LVEF)、左心室缩短分数(LVFS)、左心室舒张末期内径(LVEDd)和左心室收缩末期内径(LVESd)。待大鼠心功能检测完成后,腹主动脉取血,采用ELISA法检测血清TNF-α、IL-6。所有大鼠断头处死,留取心脏,随机取6只大鼠的心脏组织,TTC染色,计算心肌梗死面积;随机取6只大鼠的心脏组织,HE染色,观察心肌组织病理形态变化,采用TUNEL法检测细胞凋亡情况;取剩余6只大鼠的心脏组织,采用Western blotting法检测细胞凋亡相关蛋白Bcl-2、Bax、Caspase-3及Fas/FasL信号通路相关蛋白表达。结果与对照组比较,模型组血清肌钙蛋白T水平升高,LVEDd、LVESd升高,LVEF、LVFS降低,血清TNF-α、IL-6水平升高,心肌梗死面积增大,细胞凋亡率及Bax、Caspase-3、Fas、FasL蛋白表达升高,Bcl-2蛋白表达下降(P均<0.05);与对照组比较,模型组心肌细胞形态模糊、纹理消失、排列紊乱、心肌间小血管扩张、细胞数量减少,可见大量炎性细胞浸润。与模型组比较,舒芬太尼低剂量组和舒芬太尼高剂量组血清肌钙蛋白T水平降低,LVEDd、LVESd降低,LVEF、LVFS升高,血清TNF-α、IL-6水平降低,心肌梗死面积减小,细胞凋亡率及Bax、Caspase-3、Fas、FasL蛋白表达降低,Bcl-2蛋白表达升高(P均<0.05);与模型组比较,舒芬太尼低剂量组和舒芬太尼高剂量组心肌细胞形态、纹理、排列、血管扩张、细胞数量及炎性细胞浸润显著改善。以舒芬太尼高剂量组上述效果改善较为明显。与舒芬太尼高剂量+Fas阴性对照组比较,舒芬太尼高剂量+Fas慢病毒组血清肌钙蛋白T水平升高,LVEDd、LVESd升高,LVEF、LVFS降低,血清TNF-α、IL-6水平升高,心肌梗死面积增大,细胞凋亡率及Bax、Caspase-3、Fas、FasL蛋白表达升高,Bcl-2蛋白表达降低(P均<0.05);与舒芬太尼高剂量+Fas阴性对照组比较,舒芬太尼高剂量+Fas慢病毒组心肌细胞形态模糊、纹理消失、排列紊乱、心肌间小血管扩张、细胞数量减少,炎性细胞浸润明显。结论舒芬太尼可改善AMI大鼠心功能,抑制心肌细胞凋亡,并且1µg/kg舒芬太尼的作用效果要优于0.1µg/kg舒芬太尼;抑制Fas/FasL信号通路激活可能是舒芬太尼改善AMI大鼠心功能的作用机制之一。

中药单体调控宫颈癌信号通路的研究进展

宫颈癌是严重威胁女性身体健康的常见恶性肿瘤。现代医学常采用手术、放疗、化疗等治疗方法,取得较好的临床疗效,但肿瘤复发和转移仍然是宫颈癌患者死亡的主要原因。中医药发展历史悠久,中药复方、中成药、中药注射液等在肿瘤治疗中疗效显著。中药单体是源自于中药的有效提取物,在抗肿瘤方面发挥着重要作用。其中黄芩素、茯苓酸等可以通过抑制分泌型糖蛋白/β-链蛋白(Wnt/β-catenin)通路活性抑制宫颈癌细胞生长;紫草素、青蒿素等抗肿瘤的作用机制与调控磷脂酰肌醇3-激酶/蛋白激酶B/雷帕霉素哺乳靶蛋白(Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B/mammalian target of rapamycin,PI3K/Akt/mTOR)相关;姜黄素、人参皂苷等可以通过调控核转录因子-κB(p-nuclear transcription factor-κB,NF-κB)信号通路抑制细胞增殖;牡荆素、白藜芦醇等可以上调p53蛋白表达发挥其抑癌作用;常春藤皂苷元、五味子乙素等可以抑制转录激活因子3(Recombinant signal transducer and activator of transcription 3,STAT3)信号通路活性;柚皮素、半枝莲多糖可以上调腺苷酸活化蛋白激酶(AMP-activated protein kinase,AMPK)表达;而神经源性位点缺口同源蛋白(Notch)信号通路在宫颈癌发生中的作用机制具有争议。斑蝥素、黄芩素等中药单体可以调控丝裂原活化蛋白激酶(Mitogen activated protein kinase,MAPK)信号通路;土槿皮乙酸、去氢骆驼蓬碱可以抑制磷脂酰肌醇3-激酶/蛋白激酶B/糖原合酶激酶-3β(Phosphoinositide-3-kinase/protein kinase B/glycogen synthase kinase-3,PI3K/Akt/GSK-3β)信号通路;虫草素、桔梗皂苷-D具有调控Hippo信号的作用;黄芩素、白藜芦醇抗宫颈癌作用机制则与Hedgehog信号有关。目前,关于中药单体调控宫颈癌信号通路的研究众多,但缺乏系统总结。本研究通过总结中药单体调控宫颈癌相关信号通路,以期为中药单体在宫颈癌中的广泛应用提供指导,为中医药防治宫颈癌提供新的药物靶点。