Source-Load Coordinated Optimal Scheduling Considering the High Energy Load of Electrofused Magnesium and Wind Power Uncertainty

In fossil energy pollution is serious and the“double carbon”goal is being promoted,as a symbol of fresh energy in the electrical system,solar and wind power have an increasing installed capacity,only conventional units obviously can not solve the new energy as the main body of the scheduling problem.To enhance the systemscheduling ability,based on the participation of thermal power units,incorporate the high energy-carrying load of electro-melting magnesiuminto the regulation object,and consider the effects on the wind unpredictability of the power.Firstly,the operating characteristics of high energy load and wind power are analyzed,and the principle of the participation of electrofusedmagnesiumhigh energy-carrying loads in the elimination of obstructedwind power is studied.Second,a two-layer optimization model is suggested,with the objective function being the largest amount of wind power consumed and the lowest possible cost of system operation.In the upper model,the high energy-carrying load regulates the blocked wind power,and in the lower model,the second-order cone approximation algorithm is used to solve the optimizationmodelwithwind power uncertainty,so that a two-layer optimizationmodel that takes into account the regulation of the high energy-carrying load of the electrofused magnesium and the uncertainty of the wind power is established.Finally,the model is solved using Gurobi,and the results of the simulation demonstrate that the suggested model may successfully lower wind abandonment,lower system operation costs,increase the accuracy of day-ahead scheduling,and lower the final product error of the thermal electricity unit.

Unit Commitment under the Environment of Wind Power and Large-Scale Bilateral Transactions

Bilateral electric power contract is settled based on contract output curve. This paper considered the bilateral transactions execution, new energy accommodation, power grid security and generation economy, considering the executive priority of different power components to establish a multi-objective coordination unit commitment model. Through an example to verify the effectiveness of the model in promoting wind power consumption, guaranteeing trade execution, and improving power generation efficiency, and analyzed the interactions to each other among the factors of wind power, trading and blocking. According to the results, when wind power causes reverse power flow in the congestion line, it will promote the implementation of contracts, the influence of wind power accommodation to trade execution should be analyzed combined with the grid block, the results can provide reference for wind power planning.

Effect of Angle of Attack and Blade Tip Vortex on the Noise Level of Tandem Wind Rotors of an Intelligent Wind Power Unit

The authors have invented a superior wind power unit, which is composed of tandem wind rotors and double rotational armature type generator without the traditional stator. This unit is called ＂intelligent wind power unit＂. At upwind type unit, the large-sized front wind rotor and the small-sized rear wind rotor drive the inner and the outer rotational armatures respectively, in keeping the rotational torque counter-balance between both wind rotors/armatures. This paper discusses the acoustic noise emitted from the tandem wind rotors. As for tandem wind rotors, the tip vortex shedding from the front wind rotor may make a loud acoustic noise if the vortex attacks the rear wind rotor. Intelligent wind power unit, however, has no chance to increase the acoustic noise level by the tip vortex because the diameter of the front wind rotor is reasonably larger than the diameter of the rear wind rotor. The vorticity generated in the boundary layer on the blade can be observed obviously at wake flow and can be evaluated quantitatively at flow conditions measured by a hot-wire anemometer at a wind tunnel. The flow conditions have shown that the radial and axial components of vorticities contribute to emit the acoustic noise.

2-MW wind power unit successfully manufactured

As of the end of April, by autonomous research anddevelopment on the basis of imported technologies,Beijing Beizhong Steam-Turbo Machinery Company Ltd.had successfully completed trial production of a 2-MWlow-temperature type wind power generating unit; andnow the company has put the new type of wind

Optimization of Minimum Power Output for Combined Heat and Power Units Considering Peak Load Regulation Ability

Northern China has rich wind power and photovoltaic renewable resources. Combined Heat and Power (CHP) Units to meet the load demand and limit its peaking capacity in winter, to a certain extent, it results in structural problems of wind-solar power and thermoelectric. To solve these problems, this paper proposes a plurality of units together to ensure supply of heat load on the premise, by building a thermoelectric power peaking considering thermal load unit group dynamic scheduling model, to achieve the potential of different thermoelectric properties peaking units of the excavation. Simulation examples show, if the unit group exists obvious relationship thermoelectric individual differences, the thermal load dynamic scheduling can be more significantly improved overall performance peaking unit group, effectively increase clean energy consumptive.

Big-M based MILP method for SCUC considering allowable wind power output interval and its adjustable conservativeness

In contrast to most existing works on robust unit commitment(UC),this study proposes a novel big-M-based mixed-integer linear programming(MILP)method to solve security-constrained UC problems considering the allowable wind power output interval and its adjustable conservativeness.The wind power accommodation capability is usually limited by spinning reserve requirements and transmission line capacity in power systems with large-scale wind power integration.Therefore,by employing the big-M method and adding auxiliary 0-1 binary variables to describe the allowable wind power output interval,a bilinear programming problem meeting the security constraints of system operation is presented.Furthermore,an adjustable confidence level was introduced into the proposed robust optimization model to decrease the level of conservatism of the robust solutions.This can establish a trade-off between economy and security.To develop an MILP problem that can be solved by commercial solvers such as CPLEX,the big-M method is utilized again to represent the bilinear formulation as a series of linear inequality constraints and approximately address the nonlinear formulation caused by the adjustable conservativeness.Simulation studies on a modified IEEE 26-generator reliability test system connected to wind farms were performed to confirm the effectiveness and advantages of the proposed method.

Three-Level Optimal Scheduling and Power Allocation Strategy for Power System ContainingWind-Storage Combined Unit

To mitigate the impact of wind power volatility on power system scheduling,this paper adopts the wind-storage combined unit to improve the dispatchability of wind energy.And a three-level optimal scheduling and power allocation strategy is proposed for the system containing the wind-storage combined unit.The strategy takes smoothing power output as themain objectives.The first level is the wind-storage joint scheduling,and the second and third levels carry out the unit combination optimization of thermal power and the power allocation of wind power cluster(WPC),respectively,according to the scheduling power of WPC and ESS obtained from the first level.This can ensure the stability,economy and environmental friendliness of the whole power system.Based on the roles of peak shaving-valley filling and fluctuation smoothing of the energy storage system(ESS),this paper decides the charging and discharging intervals of ESS,so that the energy storage and wind power output can be further coordinated.Considering the prediction error and the output uncertainty of wind power,the planned scheduling output of wind farms(WFs)is first optimized on a long timescale,and then the rolling correction optimization of the scheduling output of WFs is carried out on a short timescale.Finally,the effectiveness of the proposed optimal scheduling and power allocation strategy is verified through case analysis.

基于特征选择及ISSA-CNN-BiGRU的短期风功率预测

针对风电功率随机性大、平稳性低,以及直接输入预测模型往往难以取得较高精度等问题,提出了一种基于特征选择及改进麻雀搜索算法(ISSA)优化卷积神经网络-双向门控循环单元(CNN-BiGRU)的短期风电功率预测方法。首先,利用变分模态分解(VMD)将原始功率分解为一组包含不同信息的子分量,以降低原始功率序列的非平稳性,提升可预测性,同时通过观察中心频率方式确定模态分解数。其次,对每一分量采用随机森林(RF)特征重要度的方法进行特征选择,从风速、风向、温度、空气密度等气象特征因素中,选取对各个分量预测贡献度较高的影响因素组成输入特征向量。然后,建立各分量的CNN-BiGRU预测模型,针对神经网络算法参数难调、手动配置参数随机性大的问题,利用ISSA对模型超参数寻优,自适应搜寻最优参数组合。最后,叠加各分量的预测值,得到最终的预测结果。以中国内蒙古某风电场实际数据进行仿真实验,与多种单一及组合预测方法进行对比,结果表明,本文所提方法相比于其他方法具有更高的预测精度,其平均绝对百分比误差值达到2.644 0%;在其他4个数据集上进行的模型准确性及泛化性验证结果显示,模型平均绝对百分比误差值分别为4.385 3%、3.174 9%、1.576 1%和1.358 8%,均保持在5.000 0%以内,证明本文所提方法具有较好的预测精度及泛化能力。

基于CEEMD-SE的CNN&LSTM-GRU短期风电功率预测

为进一步提升短期风电功率的预测精度,提出了一种基于互补集合经验模态分解-样本熵(complementary ensemble empirical mode decomposition-sample entropy,CEEMD-SE)的卷积神经网络(convolutional neural network,CNN)和长短期记忆-门控循环单元(longshorttermmemory-gatedrecurrentunit,LSTM-GRU)的短期风电功率预测模型。首先,利用互补集合经验模态分解将原始风电功率序列分解为若干本征模态函数(intrinsic mode function,IMF)分量和一个残差(residual,RES)分量,利用样本熵算法将相近的分量进行重构;其次,搭建卷积神经网络和长短期记忆网络的并行网络结构,提取数据的局部特征和时序特征,并将特征融合后输入门控循环单元网络中进行学习预测;最后,通过算例进行验证,结果表明采用该模型后预测精度得到了有效提升,其均方根误差降低了15.06%、平均绝对误差降低了15.22%、决定系数提高了1.91%。

计及风电不确定性的多场景多时段安全约束机组组合解耦求解方法

为了加速求解计及风电不确定性的安全约束机组组合问题,提出计及风电不确定性的多场景多时段安全约束机组组合解耦求解方法。将原问题解耦为多个场景的安全约束机组组合问题;通过将各场景的调度时段分为多个子时段对各场景安全约束机组组合问题进行解耦,形成多个并行的子问题;为了确保多场景解耦和多时段解耦解的可行性,利用一致性约束耦合不同的子问题,并在目标函数中添加惩罚项。通过算例分析验证了所提方法的有效性。结果表明,在可接受的精度下,所提方法比传统集中式方法显著缩短了多场景安全约束机组组合问题的求解时间。

考虑负荷侧惯量不确定性的机组组合

针对新能源高占比电力系统的频率安全问题和频率安全评价指标中只考虑电源侧惯量的问题,提出一种考虑电源侧惯量和负荷侧惯量并计及预测误差随机性的安全约束机组组合优化模型。首先,推导包含系统整体惯量的频率变化率和频率最低点公式。然后,深入研究电网调度运行的不确定因素,利用蒙特卡洛对风电功率预测误差概率分布模型抽样生成典型场景,利用随机规划理论对负荷侧惯量预测误差建模,在机会约束规划的基础上将其纳入频率约束中,建立随机机会约束的频率安全机组组合优化模型。最后,通过改进的10机算例,验证所提模型的经济性和频率安全性。

具备黑启动和构网能力的远海风电经DRU-MMC送出方案

由于具有成本低、体积重量小和可靠性高等特点,送端采用二极管整流器(DRU)、受端采用模块化多电平换流器(MMC)的送出方案在远海风电送出领域备受关注。鉴于DRU不能构建交流电网且无法倒送有功功率,文中提出一种具备黑启动和构网能力的远海风电经DRU-MMC送出方案。所提方案在DRU-MMC送出技术的基础上增加了常规小容量电压源型辅助换流器、耗能单元和必要的快速开关,通过直流海缆复用和快速开关倒闸重构拓扑,分别构建黑启动电源低压回路和风电传输高压回路,实现黑启动和功率传输2种工况在线切换;提出辅助换流器在不同运行阶段的构网控制策略,解决海上交流电网构建、DRU无功补偿和谐波抑制等问题,消除DRU-MMC送出方案对风电场类型的限制。最后,通过经济性分析和算例仿真,验证了所提方案的优越性和有效性。

考虑太阳能辅助碳捕集技术的综合能源生产单元随机低碳调度策略

为解决综合能源生产单元(integrated energy production unit,IEPU)中燃煤机组碳捕集过程的高能耗问题,同时应对新能源不确定性对运行调度带来的挑战,该文提出一种考虑太阳能辅助碳捕集技术的IEPU随机低碳调度策略,旨在实现IEPU的多能协同与低碳运行。首先,对含太阳能辅助碳捕集热电联产单元(combined heat and power based on solar-assisted carbon capture,CHP-SACC)的能量流动与运行机理进行分析,并构建其运行模型;其次,考虑风电不确定性带来的影响,提出一种基于条件最小二乘生成对抗网络(conditional-least squares generative adversarial networks,C-LSGANs)的可再生能源场景生成方法来提高场景的生成质量;然后,考虑异质能流耦合约束、多元设备运行约束以及能量平衡约束等,以最大化系统运行收益期望为目标构建IEPU随机低碳调度模型;最后,在算例仿真中设置不同的运行策略验证所提低碳转型方案的有效性,并分析了能源价格、设备容量等因素对系统运行收益的影响。

跟构网换流器并联的海上DRU低频交流送出方案

基于不可控整流单元(DRU)的风电低频交流送出系统不具备功率返送的能力,需采用构网型换流器实现海上风电场的自组网。同时考虑传统跟网型换流器所具备的快速功率响应能力对海上风力发电带来的正面影响,以六相永磁同步电机构成的风电机组作为研究对象,阐明在风电机组内,采用两种控制策略的换流器并联经DRU低频交流送出系统的拓扑结构和运行特性。分别设计风电机组网侧换流器的构网型控制策略与跟网型控制策略,并在此基础上探讨两组网侧换流器之间的功率不平衡问题,进一步设计环流抑制策略,实现风电功率经DRU送出。通过搭建Simulink仿真模型和RT-LAB半实物仿真系统验证方案的可行性。

基于火电灵活性改造的可再生能源消纳系统成本优化

随着风电等可再生能源的大规模发展,带来了消纳难等新挑战,通过火电灵活性改造可以增强电力系统灵活调节能力、提升可再生能源消纳空间,同时需要考虑火电灵活性改造的经济性和对可再生能源消纳的影响。因此,综合考虑火电机组常规运行成本及灵活性改造后增加的各项成本,结合碳排放成本和弃风成本,建立以总成本最小为目标的火电灵活性改造前后优化调度模型,采用对比差值法计算基于火电灵活性改造的可再生能源消纳系统成本。通过算例,将所建模型应用于对比改造前后、不同碳排放强度、是否考虑弃风等不同方案下的机组运行状况及消纳系统成本大小,并拟合得到可再生能源渗透率和消纳系统成本的关系曲线,验证了模型的有效性。

大规模风电接入场景下的失步振荡中心定位方法

振荡中心的准确定位是失步保护正确动作的基础,大规模风电并网导致系统阻抗参数发生变化,使得传统基于阻抗轨迹的失步定位方法的适应性严重下降。针对该问题,提出基于节点频差的失步振荡中心定位方法。首先分析大规模风电并网对系统总阻抗的影响。进一步根据发电机功角,计算其曼哈顿距离相似度并构建启动判据。最后,通过移动平均法对广域测量频率进行平滑处理,提出基于节点频差的失步振荡中心定位方法。仿真验证表明,所提基于节点频差的失步振荡中心定位方法受噪声影响较小,不受风电渗透率的影响,能够准确定位失步振荡中心位置。

基于注意力机制的IWOA-BiGRU超短期风电功率预测

超短期风电功率预测对电力系统调度及大规模风电并网具有重要作用。为得到准确可靠的风电功率预测结果,针对风电功率数据非线性和时序性的特点,提出一种基于IWOA-AT-BiGRU的超短期风电功率预测方法。首先,提出改进鲸鱼优化算法(improved whale optimization algorithm,IWOA)来优化风电功率预测模型的超参数,加速模型收敛,提高预测准确度;然后,在BiGRU中加入注意力机制(AT),AT用来加强重要信息对风功率的影响,BiGRU同时考虑数据的正反向信息,充分挖掘数据的时序特征;最后,通过某风电场实测数据进行实验,结果表明提出的方法预测准确度均高于其他对比模型,具有良好的预测性能。

基于动态图注意力的风电场组合预测模型

为了实现风电场用能管理的高效调度,充分提取多站点间时空特征的潜在联系,提出一种基于动态图卷积和图注意力的多站点短期风电功率时空组合预测模型。使用图卷积实现多站点间时序特征的邻居聚合,并使用图注意力机制加强其对空间特征的提取能力。同时,针对传统模型无法处理图节点关联性实时变化的问题,先在图卷积过程中依据站点间的相关系数和距离动态构建邻接矩阵,再使用门控循环单元处理动态图卷积输出的上下文信息,最后完成风电功率预测。实验结果表明,所提出的组合模型在预测精度、稳定性和多步预测性能方面均最优。

计及电转气-风-火-核-碳捕集的多源联合系统优化调度

在风-火-核-碳捕集多源联合系统中,核电机组在参与电网调峰时存在调峰深度选择不精确的问题。此外,该多源联合系统还存在风电消纳不足的问题。为此,构建了一种计及线性化核电机组调峰深度模型的电转气(power to gas,P2G)-风-火-核-碳捕集多源联合系统,并对该系统进行了日前优化调度。首先,基于核电机组负荷跟踪模式,通过引入连续变量,提高了调峰深度选择的准确性;然后,分析了碳捕集电厂-P2G联合运行模式及需求响应资源对促进风电消纳的积极作用;最后,以系统综合运行成本最低为目标函数,同时考虑碳交易机制,在Matlab平台搭建仿真模型,验证了所构建多源联合系统的有效性。结果表明,相较于核电机组采用固定调峰档位的多源联合系统,所构建的多源联合系统能够在保证核电机组安全稳定运行的同时,实现风电完全消纳,系统碳排放量与综合运行成本分别下降了13.74%与6.27%,提高了系统运行的低碳性与经济性。

计及多储能单元出力水平的风功率波动平抑控制方法

在风电场侧配置电池储能是缓解风电功率波动、提高风电可调控性的有效途径。为满足风功率波动平抑要求,提出了一种计及多储能单元出力水平的风功率波动平抑控制方法,充分考虑多储能单元实时出力能力,在兼顾功率平抑目标的同时实现减小储能电池能量调用、各储能单元充放电切换次数、放电深度及荷电状态波动区间。首先分析了滤波时间常数对风功率平抑效果以及储能功率分配方法对各单元荷电状态变化的影响;其次引入超短期风功率预测,根据风功率预测数据建立滤波时间常数优化模型,得到滤波时间常数最优解以及最小储能功率指令;然后分析了各储能单元出力水平与功率平抑需求的影响,进一步提出了一种分层复合式储能单元功率分配方法,实现了多储能单元的功率指令分配,避免了各储能单元频繁与过度充放电,有利于延长使用寿命;最后以湖南省某实际风电场为例,通过实际算例验证了所提方法的有效性。